1、土壤(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況:榮(rong)成市地(di)處膠東低山(shan)丘陵(ling)區的(de)東端,有山(shan)地(di)、丘陵(ling)、平原(yuan)三種地(di)貌類型,其中(zhong)山(shan)地(di)占全(quan)市土地(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)33.5%,丘陵(ling)占50.4%,平原(yuan)占16.1%。北部的(de)偉德山(shan)和(he)南(nan)部的(de)槎(cha)山(shan)構成主要山(shan)區,整個(ge)地(di)勢南(nan)北高,中(zhong)間低,呈馬鞍形(xing)。榮(rong)成市土壤(rang)多為(wei)酸性巖及(ji)其風化物發育而成,土壤(rang)種類分棕(zong)壤(rang)、潮土、風沙土、鹽(yan)土4個(ge)土類,9個(ge)亞類,18個(ge)土屬(shu),120個(ge)土種,其中(zhong)棕(zong)壤(rang)土類分布(bu)最(zui)廣(guang),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)最(zui)大,總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)2007644畝,占全(quan)市總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)82.25%。土壤(rang)PH值在5.6—8.1之間,平均(jun)為(wei)6.4,有機(ji)質(zhi)含量平均(jun)為(wei)1.16%,心(xin)土通氣(qi)排水良好(hao),并(bing)富含磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵(tie)、鋅等蘋果必需的(de)礦質(zhi)元素(su)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):榮成市(shi)有(you)大小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)102條,干(gan)流(liu)(liu)總(zong)長度469.9公里,集水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積1150.2平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里,其中(zhong)集水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積20平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里以上的河(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)十條。榮成水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系屬于沿海邊緣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,雖不發(fa)達(da),但由于河(he)流(liu)(liu)主要發(fa)源地(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)體土(tu)層深厚,植被茂密,涵養蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)豐富,山(shan)(shan)澗、河(he)流(liu)(liu),多細長漫(man)流(liu)(liu),終年不絕(jue)。榮成市(shi)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、地(di)(di)面水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源豐富,全市(shi)共有(you)機電(dian)井、大口井2731眼,各類(lei)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)1605座(zuo)(zuo),其中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)179座(zuo)(zuo)(中(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)4座(zuo)(zuo),小(xiao)一型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)27座(zuo)(zuo),小(xiao)二型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)136座(zuo)(zuo)),塘壩(ba)1608座(zuo)(zuo),各類(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)庫(ku)容達(da)2.6億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米。全市(shi)平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源總(zong)量4.2億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,年可(ke)利(li)用的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源總(zong)量為1.8億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,占全市(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源總(zong)量的43%,果園都(dou)能得到(dao)有(you)效灌溉。根據環境(jing)監(jian)測(ce)部門(men)監(jian)測(ce),榮成市(shi)境(jing)內地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)達(da)到(dao)國(guo)家《地(di)(di)面水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)質(zhi)量標(biao)準(zhun)》的Ⅱ類(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)感(gan)觀良(liang)好(hao),無(wu)(wu)色(se)、無(wu)(wu)臭、無(wu)(wu)味、透明,pH值4.5-7.5之間,砷≤0.05,鎘≤0.005,鉛(qian)≤0.05等有(you)關指標(biao)符合我國(guo)和世界衛(wei)生組織(zhi)制定的飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)準(zhun)則。榮成市(shi)境(jing)內無(wu)(wu)大型(xing)化(hua)工(gong)廠,無(wu)(wu)“三廢”排放和空氣污(wu)染,也沒有(you)重金屬污(wu)染歷史。
3、氣(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang):榮成(cheng)市(shi)屬于暖溫(wen)帶季風型(xing)大陸性氣(qi)候,四季變化(hua)和季風進退(tui)都較明(ming)顯。因(yin)三面環海,與(yu)同(tong)緯度(du)的(de)內(nei)陸地區相比,具有(you)雨(yu)水(shui)豐富(fu)、年(nian)溫(wen)適中、氣(qi)候溫(wen)和的(de)特(te)點(dian)。另外,受(shou)海洋的(de)調節作用(yong),又具有(you)春(chun)冷(leng)、夏(xia)涼、秋(qiu)暖、冬溫(wen)、無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期長和濕度(du)大等(deng)海洋性氣(qi)候特(te)點(dian)。全市(shi)歷(li)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)785.4毫米(mi),降(jiang)水(shui)集中在(zai)6-9月(yue)份,占(zhan)全年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)72.7%,其季節分(fen)布(bu)是1-5月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)125.6mm,占(zhan)16.7%,6-9月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)548.2mm,占(zhan)72.7%。降(jiang)水(shui)春(chun)秋(qiu)少、夏(xia)季多、冬季少,降(jiang)水(shui)分(fen)布(bu)具有(you)雨(yu)熱同(tong)期的(de)特(te)點(dian),與(yu)蘋果的(de)生長發(fa)育相吻合。歷(li)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照時數2578.5小時,歷(li)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)11.3℃,與(yu)同(tong)緯度(du)內(nei)陸相比,冬溫(wen)高(gao),夏(xia)溫(wen)低(di),春(chun)溫(wen)低(di)于秋(qiu)溫(wen),最冷(leng)月(yue)份是一月(yue),其平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)-2.7℃;最熱月(yue)為(wei)(wei)8月(yue),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)24.3℃,春(chun)、秋(qiu)兩季氣(qi)溫(wen)日(ri)差較大,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差明(ming)顯;年(nian)均(jun)空氣(qi)相對溫(wen)度(du)71%,無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期214天。
4、人文(wen)歷史(shi)情況:榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培歷史(shi),據榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)市志記載中(zhong)國原產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)奈及林檎(qin)在榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培歷史(shi),境內有(you)(you)(you)(you)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)老樹。西洋蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引進也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi),光(guang)緒十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(一八(ba)八(ba)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian))由(you)煙臺引進,斥山附(fu)近也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)從朝鮮引進。目前(qian)(qian),榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)8個屬,84個品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),現有(you)(you)(you)(you)栽(zai)培品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)64個,既有(you)(you)(you)(you)少量(liang)(liang)古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)小國光(guang)、金帥、紅(hong)星等(deng),又有(you)(you)(you)(you)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代以(yi)后引進的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)富(fu)士、嘎(ga)啦、津輕、喬(qiao)納(na)金、新(xin)世界、藤木一號、珊(shan)夏、紅(hong)將(jiang)軍(jun)等(deng)。榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)市委、市政(zheng)府把(ba)打造“榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌當做優化農業(ye)結構(gou),促進經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大事來抓,通過(guo)幾代人的(de)(de)(de)(de)不懈努(nu)力(li),蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)市農業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye),曾多次獲(huo)(huo)得(de)部級、省級優質(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)獎,目前(qian)(qian)栽(zai)培面積穩定(ding)在十萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)以(yi)上,2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)被農業(ye)部確定(ding)為(wei)全國20個蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)基地縣(xian)之一。榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)市高度重視綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),成(cheng)(cheng)立專門機構(gou)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)無公害蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。截止到(dao)目前(qian)(qian),全市已(yi)經有(you)(you)(you)(you)六家果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企(qi)業(ye)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)了(le)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、無公害農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)紅(hong)富(fu)士蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)認證,認證面積達(da)到(dao)了(le)2.5萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian),榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)市被中(zhong)國綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)心、中(zhong)國綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)協會確定(ding)為(wei)全國首批52家綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)農業(ye)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)建(jian)設(she)(she)單位,蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)全部納(na)入綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)農業(ye)建(jian)設(she)(she)規劃,已(yi)建(jian)設(she)(she)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)15萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu),包括榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)10萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)地環境質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)完(wan)全符(fu)合(he)NY/T391-2000綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)地環境技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求;農藥(yao)使用符(fu)合(he)NY/T393-2000綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)農藥(yao)使用準則(ze),肥料(liao)使用符(fu)合(he)NY/394-2000綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)肥料(liao)使用準則(ze),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符(fu)合(he)NY/T844-2004綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)溫帶水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)(biao)準。榮(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實現了(le)“從土地到(dao)餐桌”的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監管,各項指標(biao)(biao)都達(da)到(dao)了(le)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)準。
地域范圍
榮成(cheng)蘋果保護范圍(wei)位于東(dong)(dong)(dong)經122°09′~122°42′,北(bei)(bei)緯36°45′~37°27′之間, 地處山東(dong)(dong)(dong)半(ban)島最東(dong)(dong)(dong)端,西(xi)接(jie)文登市(shi)(shi),西(xi)北(bei)(bei)接(jie)環翠(cui)區(qu),北(bei)(bei)、南(nan)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)、三(san)面環黃海(hai)。覆蓋榮成(cheng)市(shi)(shi)境內(nei)的12個鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)10個街(jie)道(dao)辦事處827個行政村(cun),東(dong)(dong)(dong)至成(cheng)山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)禮村(cun),西(xi)至蔭子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)前長灣村(cun),南(nan)至人和鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)院夼村(cun),北(bei)(bei)至港(gang)西(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)王家村(cun),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)最大(da)跨(kua)度78公(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)最大(da)跨(kua)度33公(gong)里,生(sheng)產(chan)面積7193公(gong)頃,年產(chan)量22萬噸(dun)左右。
產(chan)品品質特性特征(zheng)
1、外在感官特征:榮成蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)型端正,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面光潔、色(se)(se)澤(ze)鮮艷,多汁爽口(kou),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)松脆(cui)、風味芳(fang)香(xiang),耐(nai)儲存。其中(zhong)(zhong),紅(hong)(hong)富士(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為大(da)(da)(da)型果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),平均單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重180~300克,最大(da)(da)(da)單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重可(ke)(ke)達400克以(yi)上(shang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)多為扁(bian)圓形,80%的紅(hong)(hong)富士(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)可(ke)(ke)達到80mm以(yi)上(shang)規(gui)格,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形指數(shu)在0.85左(zuo)右(you)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面光潔,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)上(shang)無(wu)藥斑、粉塵、黑灰等污(wu)染。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)(geng)較(jiao)(jiao)細,少數(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)(geng)基部有(you)肉(rou)質(zhi)突起。梗(geng)(geng)洼較(jiao)(jiao)廣,中(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)較(jiao)(jiao)緩(huan),偶爾(er)有(you)裂(lie)口(kou)。尊洼中(zhong)(zhong)深(shen),較(jiao)(jiao)廣而緩(huan)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮光滑(hua)有(you)光澤(ze),中(zhong)(zhong)厚而韌,光滑(hua),蠟質(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)多。成熟果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面底色(se)(se)淡(dan)黃,著(zhu)暗紅(hong)(hong)或(huo)鮮紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)霞或(huo)條霞。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點圓形,較(jiao)(jiao)明(ming)顯(xian),中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da),較(jiao)(jiao)密,陽面果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點黃白色(se)(se),陰面果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點黃色(se)(se)。紅(hong)(hong)富士(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)著(zhu)色(se)(se)面積達85%以(yi)上(shang),嘎拉(la)蘋(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)著(zhu)色(se)(se)面積可(ke)(ke)達75%以(yi)上(shang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)小一等品率78%以(yi)上(shang),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)表(biao)面顏色(se)(se)一等品率80%以(yi)上(shang)。
2、內在(zai)品質指標:果(guo)(guo)肉黃白色,肉質致(zhi)密,細脆(cui)、果(guo)(guo)汁多(duo)。酸(suan)(suan)甜適口,芳香味濃(nong),無澀(se)感,品質極(ji)上。果(guo)(guo)肉硬度(du)7.5~9.0kg/平方(fang)厘(li)米,貯藏6個月(yue)后硬度(du)保持在(zai)6.5~8.0kg/平方(fang)厘(li)米。紅富士(shi)蘋果(guo)(guo)可溶性固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)含量達(da)15.0%,最(zui)高可達(da)17.5%,嘎(ga)拉可溶性固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)含量達(da)11.5~12.5%,酸(suan)(suan)含量為0.2%~0.4%。極(ji)耐貯運,可貯到(dao)翌(yi)年四、五月(yue)份。鮮(xian)蘋果(guo)(guo)含水量為85%,含有(you)豐富的碳水化合物(wu)、維生素和微量元素。
3、安全要(yao)求:執行(xing)NY/T844-2004綠(lv)色食品溫帶水果。
特定生產方式
1、產(chan)地(di)選擇(ze):要求生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境良好,無或不直接受工業(ye)(ye)“三廢(fei)(fei)”及農業(ye)(ye)、城鎮生(sheng)活(huo)、醫療廢(fei)(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)的水(地(di))域。 種植地(di)域內上(shang)風向、灌溉水源(yuan)上(shang)游,沒有對產(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境構成威脅的(包括工業(ye)(ye)"三廢(fei)(fei)"、農業(ye)(ye)廢(fei)(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)、醫療機(ji)構污(wu)水及廢(fei)(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)、城市垃圾和生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)水等(deng))污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)。產(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境質量要求:符合NY/T391-2000綠色食品產(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境技(ji)術條件(jian)的規定。
2、品(pin)種選(xuan)擇:紅富士、喬納金、新(xin)世界、嘎啦(la)、津輕(qing)、藤木一號等。
3、生產過(guo)程(cheng)管理:按照(zhao)《榮(rong)成(cheng)蘋果(guo)生產技術規程(cheng)》操作。
4、產品后期處(chu)(chu)理(li)規(gui)定:原(yuan)料的來源與(yu)驗收:果(guo)(guo)品要適期采(cai)(cai)收,采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)時要輕拿、輕放、輕裝、輕御、防止指甲傷(shang)(shang)、碰壓傷(shang)(shang)、磨擦傷(shang)(shang),隨采(cai)(cai)隨將(jiang)病蟲果(guo)(guo)、傷(shang)(shang)果(guo)(guo)等殘(can)次果(guo)(guo)剔除。采(cai)(cai)收后入冷(leng)庫前要經過預冷(leng)處(chu)(chu)理(li)、消(xiao)毒處(chu)(chu)理(li),然后再進(jin)入機(ji)械(xie)冷(leng)庫儲存。
5、生產(chan)記錄要求(qiu):要有(you)完善(shan)的生產(chan)記錄。