1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:榮成(cheng)市(shi)地(di)(di)處(chu)膠東低(di)山(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區的東端,有(you)山(shan)地(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)、平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)三種(zhong)地(di)(di)貌(mao)類(lei)型,其(qi)(qi)中山(shan)地(di)(di)占(zhan)全市(shi)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)總面積(ji)(ji)的33.5%,丘(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)50.4%,平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)占(zhan)16.1%。北部(bu)(bu)的偉德(de)山(shan)和南(nan)部(bu)(bu)的槎山(shan)構成(cheng)主要山(shan)區,整個(ge)地(di)(di)勢(shi)南(nan)北高,中間(jian)低(di),呈馬鞍形。榮成(cheng)市(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)多(duo)為酸性巖及(ji)其(qi)(qi)風(feng)化(hua)物發育而成(cheng),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)種(zhong)類(lei)分(fen)(fen)棕壤(rang)、潮土(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)4個(ge)土(tu)(tu)類(lei),9個(ge)亞類(lei),18個(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬,120個(ge)土(tu)(tu)種(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中棕壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)類(lei)分(fen)(fen)布最(zui)廣,面積(ji)(ji)最(zui)大,總面積(ji)(ji)2007644畝,占(zhan)全市(shi)總面積(ji)(ji)82.25%。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH值在5.6—8.1之(zhi)間(jian),平(ping)(ping)均為6.4,有(you)機質含量平(ping)(ping)均為1.16%,心土(tu)(tu)通氣排(pai)水良好(hao),并(bing)富(fu)含磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、鋅等(deng)蘋果必需的礦質元素。
2、水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:榮成(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)有大小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)102條,干流(liu)總(zong)(zong)長度469.9公(gong)里(li),集水(shui)(shui)面(mian)積1150.2平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),其中集水(shui)(shui)面(mian)積20平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)以(yi)上的河(he)流(liu)有十條。榮成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)系屬于(yu)(yu)沿海邊緣(yuan)水(shui)(shui)系,雖(sui)不發達(da),但由于(yu)(yu)河(he)流(liu)主要發源(yuan)地山體土層深(shen)厚,植(zhi)被(bei)茂密,涵養蓄水(shui)(shui)豐富(fu),山澗、河(he)流(liu),多細長漫流(liu),終年不絕。榮成(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地下水(shui)(shui)、地面(mian)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu),全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)共有機電井、大口(kou)井2731眼,各(ge)類(lei)(lei)蓄水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程1605座(zuo)(zuo),其中水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)179座(zuo)(zuo)(中型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)4座(zuo)(zuo),小(xiao)一型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)27座(zuo)(zuo),小(xiao)二型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)136座(zuo)(zuo)),塘壩1608座(zuo)(zuo),各(ge)類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)程總(zong)(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容達(da)2.6億立方(fang)米(mi)。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)平均水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量4.2億立方(fang)米(mi),年可(ke)利用的水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量為1.8億立方(fang)米(mi),占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)總(zong)(zong)量的43%,果園都能得到有效灌(guan)溉。根據(ju)環境監測部門監測,榮成(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)境內地表水(shui)(shui)達(da)到國家《地面(mian)水(shui)(shui)環境質(zhi)量標準(zhun)(zhun)》的Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)感(gan)觀良好,無(wu)(wu)色、無(wu)(wu)臭(chou)、無(wu)(wu)味、透明,pH值4.5-7.5之間,砷≤0.05,鎘≤0.005,鉛≤0.05等有關指標符合我國和世界衛(wei)生(sheng)組織制定的飲用水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)。榮成(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)境內無(wu)(wu)大型(xing)(xing)化工(gong)廠,無(wu)(wu)“三廢(fei)”排放和空氣污(wu)染,也沒有重金屬污(wu)染歷史。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:榮(rong)成市屬(shu)于暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)風型大陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),四季(ji)變化(hua)和(he)季(ji)風進退都較明顯(xian)。因三面環(huan)海(hai)(hai),與同緯度的(de)(de)(de)內陸地區(qu)相比(bi),具有雨水(shui)豐(feng)富、年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)適(shi)中、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)特點。另(ling)外,受海(hai)(hai)洋的(de)(de)(de)調節(jie)作用,又(you)具有春(chun)冷、夏(xia)(xia)涼、秋暖(nuan)、冬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、無霜(shuang)(shuang)期長(chang)(chang)和(he)濕度大等(deng)海(hai)(hai)洋性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點。全(quan)市歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降水(shui)量785.4毫米(mi),降水(shui)集中在6-9月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen),占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量的(de)(de)(de)72.7%,其季(ji)節(jie)分布(bu)是1-5月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)均降雨量為(wei)125.6mm,占(zhan)(zhan)16.7%,6-9月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)均降雨量為(wei)548.2mm,占(zhan)(zhan)72.7%。降水(shui)春(chun)秋少、夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)多、冬季(ji)少,降水(shui)分布(bu)具有雨熱同期的(de)(de)(de)特點,與蘋果的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)發育(yu)相吻合。歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日照時數2578.5小時,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.3℃,與同緯度內陸相比(bi),冬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)高,夏(xia)(xia)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低,春(chun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低于秋溫(wen)(wen)(wen),最(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)是一月(yue)(yue)(yue),其平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)-2.7℃;最(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)8月(yue)(yue)(yue),平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)24.3℃,春(chun)、秋兩季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)日差(cha)較大,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)明顯(xian);年(nian)(nian)(nian)均空氣(qi)(qi)相對(dui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度71%,無霜(shuang)(shuang)期214天。
4、人文歷(li)(li)史(shi)情況:榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)悠久的(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培歷(li)(li)史(shi),據(ju)榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)志記載中國(guo)原產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)奈及林檎在榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培歷(li)(li)史(shi),境(jing)內有(you)(you)(you)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)老樹(shu)。西(xi)洋蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)引進(jin)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi),光(guang)緒十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(一(yi)八(ba)(ba)八(ba)(ba)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian))由(you)煙臺(tai)引進(jin),斥山附(fu)近也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)從朝鮮引進(jin)。目(mu)前,榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)8個(ge)屬(shu),84個(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種,現有(you)(you)(you)栽(zai)培品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種64個(ge),既有(you)(you)(you)少量(liang)古老的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種小(xiao)國(guo)光(guang)、金帥、紅(hong)星(xing)等,又有(you)(you)(you)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)以后(hou)引進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)富士、嘎啦(la)、津輕、喬納金、新世界、藤木一(yi)號、珊夏(xia)、紅(hong)將軍等。榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)委、市(shi)政府把打造“榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)當做優化農業(ye)結(jie)構(gou),促進(jin)經濟發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)大事來抓,通(tong)過(guo)幾(ji)代(dai)人的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)懈努力,蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為我市(shi)農業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)支柱產(chan)業(ye),曾多次獲得(de)部級、省級優質(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)獎,目(mu)前栽(zai)培面(mian)積穩定(ding)在十萬(wan)畝(mu)以上,2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)被農業(ye)部確(que)定(ding)為全(quan)國(guo)20個(ge)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)基(ji)地縣之一(yi)。榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)高度重視綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)展,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立專(zhuan)門(men)機構(gou)發(fa)(fa)展綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)無公(gong)(gong)害蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。截止到(dao)(dao)目(mu)前,全(quan)市(shi)已(yi)經有(you)(you)(you)六家果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)企(qi)業(ye)獲得(de)了(le)(le)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、無公(gong)(gong)害農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)紅(hong)富士蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)認證,認證面(mian)積達(da)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)2.5萬(wan)畝(mu)。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian),榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)被中國(guo)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)發(fa)(fa)展中心(xin)、中國(guo)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)協會確(que)定(ding)為全(quan)國(guo)首批52家綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)農業(ye)示范區(qu)建設單(dan)位(wei),蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)全(quan)部納入(ru)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)農業(ye)建設規劃(hua),已(yi)建設綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)示范區(qu)15萬(wan)畝(mu),包括榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)10萬(wan)畝(mu)。蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)地環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)完全(quan)符(fu)合(he)NY/T391-2000綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)地環境(jing)技術的(de)(de)(de)要求;農藥使(shi)用(yong)(yong)符(fu)合(he)NY/T393-2000綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)農藥使(shi)用(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則,肥料使(shi)用(yong)(yong)符(fu)合(he)NY/394-2000綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)肥料使(shi)用(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)符(fu)合(he)NY/T844-2004綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)溫帶水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)質(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun)(zhun)。榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蘋(pin)(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實現了(le)(le)“從土地到(dao)(dao)餐桌”的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)程質(zhi)量(liang)監管(guan),各項指標都達(da)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)標準(zhun)(zhun)。
地域范圍
榮成蘋果保護范圍(wei)位于東(dong)(dong)經122°09′~122°42′,北(bei)緯36°45′~37°27′之間, 地處山東(dong)(dong)半島最東(dong)(dong)端,西接文登市,西北(bei)接環翠區(qu),北(bei)、南、東(dong)(dong)、三面環黃海。覆蓋榮成市境內的12個鎮10個街道辦事處827個行政村(cun),東(dong)(dong)至成山鎮禮村(cun),西至蔭子鎮前長灣村(cun),南至人和鎮院夼村(cun),北(bei)至港西鎮王家(jia)村(cun),南北(bei)最大(da)跨度(du)78公(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)西最大(da)跨度(du)33公(gong)里,生產(chan)面積7193公(gong)頃,年產(chan)量22萬噸左右。
產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)特(te)征(zheng)
1、外(wai)在感官特(te)征:榮成蘋果(guo)果(guo)型端正,果(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)光(guang)(guang)潔(jie)、色(se)澤鮮艷(yan),多汁爽口(kou),果(guo)肉(rou)松(song)脆、風味芳香(xiang),耐儲存。其中,紅(hong)(hong)富士蘋果(guo)為大(da)型果(guo),平(ping)均單果(guo)重180~300克(ke),最大(da)單果(guo)重可(ke)達400克(ke)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。果(guo)實(shi)多為扁(bian)圓(yuan)形,80%的紅(hong)(hong)富士蘋果(guo)可(ke)達到80mm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)規格,果(guo)形指數(shu)在0.85左右。果(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)光(guang)(guang)潔(jie),果(guo)實(shi)上(shang)(shang)無藥(yao)斑、粉塵、黑灰(hui)等污(wu)染(ran)。果(guo)梗較(jiao)細,少數(shu)果(guo)梗基部有(you)肉(rou)質突起。梗洼較(jiao)廣,中深(shen)較(jiao)緩(huan),偶爾有(you)裂口(kou)。尊洼中深(shen),較(jiao)廣而(er)緩(huan)。果(guo)皮光(guang)(guang)滑(hua)有(you)光(guang)(guang)澤,中厚而(er)韌,光(guang)(guang)滑(hua),蠟質中多。成熟果(guo)實(shi)果(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)底(di)色(se)淡黃,著(zhu)暗紅(hong)(hong)或(huo)鮮紅(hong)(hong)色(se)霞或(huo)條霞。果(guo)點圓(yuan)形,較(jiao)明顯,中大(da),較(jiao)密,陽(yang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)果(guo)點黃白色(se),陰面(mian)(mian)(mian)果(guo)點黃色(se)。紅(hong)(hong)富士蘋果(guo)集(ji)中著(zhu)色(se)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積達85%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),嘎拉蘋果(guo)集(ji)中著(zhu)色(se)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積可(ke)達75%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。果(guo)實(shi)大(da)小(xiao)一等品率78%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),果(guo)實(shi)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)顏色(se)一等品率80%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。
2、內在品質指標:果(guo)肉黃白色,肉質致(zhi)密(mi),細脆、果(guo)汁多(duo)。酸甜(tian)適口,芳香(xiang)味濃,無澀(se)感(gan),品質極上。果(guo)肉硬(ying)度7.5~9.0kg/平方厘(li)米(mi),貯(zhu)藏(zang)6個月后硬(ying)度保持在6.5~8.0kg/平方厘(li)米(mi)。紅(hong)富士(shi)蘋(pin)果(guo)可溶性(xing)固形物(wu)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)達(da)15.0%,最高可達(da)17.5%,嘎拉(la)可溶性(xing)固形物(wu)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)達(da)11.5~12.5%,酸含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)0.2%~0.4%。極耐(nai)貯(zhu)運(yun),可貯(zhu)到翌年(nian)四、五月份。鮮蘋(pin)果(guo)含(han)(han)水量(liang)(liang)為(wei)85%,含(han)(han)有豐富的碳水化合物(wu)、維生素和微量(liang)(liang)元素。
3、安全要求(qiu):執行(xing)NY/T844-2004綠色食(shi)品溫帶水果(guo)。
特定生產方式
1、產(chan)地(di)選擇:要求(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)良好,無(wu)或不(bu)直接受工業(ye)(ye)“三廢(fei)(fei)”及農(nong)業(ye)(ye)、城鎮(zhen)生(sheng)(sheng)活、醫療(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染的水(地(di))域(yu)。 種植地(di)域(yu)內上風向、灌溉水源(yuan)上游,沒有(you)對產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)(jing)構(gou)成威(wei)脅的(包(bao)括(kuo)工業(ye)(ye)"三廢(fei)(fei)"、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)、醫療(liao)(liao)機構(gou)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水及廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)物(wu)、城市垃(la)圾和生(sheng)(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)(wu)水等)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染源(yuan)。產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)(jing)質量要求(qiu):符合NY/T391-2000綠(lv)色食品產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)(jing)技(ji)術條件(jian)的規定。
2、品種選擇:紅富士、喬納金、新世(shi)界、嘎(ga)啦、津輕、藤(teng)木一(yi)號等。
3、生產(chan)(chan)過程管理:按照《榮(rong)成蘋(pin)果生產(chan)(chan)技術規程》操(cao)作。
4、產品后(hou)(hou)期處理(li)(li)規定:原料(liao)的來源(yuan)與驗收(shou):果(guo)品要適期采(cai)收(shou),采(cai)果(guo)時要輕(qing)拿、輕(qing)放、輕(qing)裝、輕(qing)御、防止指(zhi)甲傷(shang)、碰(peng)壓傷(shang)、磨擦傷(shang),隨(sui)采(cai)隨(sui)將病蟲(chong)果(guo)、傷(shang)果(guo)等殘次果(guo)剔除。采(cai)收(shou)后(hou)(hou)入冷(leng)庫前要經(jing)過預(yu)冷(leng)處理(li)(li)、消毒(du)處理(li)(li),然后(hou)(hou)再進入機械冷(leng)庫儲存。
5、生產記錄要(yao)求:要(yao)有(you)完善的生產記錄。