產地環境
度(du)尾鎮位于仙游縣西部的(de)半山(shan)(shan)(shan)區丘陵地(di)帶,區域面積113平方(fang)公里。全鎮耕地(di)面積3.6萬畝,山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)面積10萬畝。境(jing)內屬(shu)亞熱(re)帶海洋季風氣候,年(nian)均氣溫21℃,年(nian)降雨量1600—2000mm,日照充(chong)足、雨量充(chong)沛、水源豐(feng)富,形成了優質(zhi)水果特別是文旦柚(you)生產(chan)的(de)獨特自然氣候條件,是發展亞熱(re)帶植物的(de)天(tian)然寶地(di)。地(di)理上,靠近戴云山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,四面環山(shan)(shan)(shan)中成盆地(di)。境(jing)內山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)土壤為(wei)磚紅性(xing)紅壤、沙質(zhi)黃(huang)壤土,有機質(zhi)含量豐(feng)富,是發展綠色食物的(de)最適宜的(de)地(di)方(fang),被譽為(wei)“水果之鄉(xiang)”。
品質特征
度(du)(du)(du)尾(wei)文(wen)旦柚(you)是(shi)莆田四大(da)名(ming)果(guo)(guo)之一(yi),是(shi)仙游縣度(du)(du)(du)尾(wei)鎮特有的名(ming)貴佳果(guo)(guo),果(guo)(guo)實品質(zhi)優(you)良、氣味(wei)芬(fen)香(xiang)(xiang)、肉嫩汁醇、甜酸(suan)適度(du)(du)(du)、無籽少籽、清(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)爽口、風(feng)味(wei)獨特。外觀(guan)形似大(da)稱砣,色澤青黃,果(guo)(guo)重800克左右。內含(han)(han)物質(zhi)豐(feng)富,具(ju)有較(jiao)高營養價值和(he)藥(yao)用功效,經福建農(nong)林(lin)大(da)學測試中心檢測和(he)天(tian)津輕(qing)工學院成份(fen)分(fen)析度(du)(du)(du)尾(wei)文(wen)旦柚(you)的有益氨基酸(suan)達(da)18種(zhong),礦物質(zhi)達(da)11種(zhong),并經福建中醫研究院檢測表明(ming),度(du)(du)(du)尾(wei)文(wen)旦柚(you)含(han)(han)有柚(you)甙、新橙甙、胡蘿卜素、維(wei)生(sheng)素B、菸酸(suan)、鈣、磷、鐵(tie)、揮(hui)發油、糖和(he)胰(yi)島素等成份(fen),具(ju)有抗炎(yan)止咳、降血壓、降血糖等作用是(shi)藥(yao)膳兩(liang)宜的美味(wei)佳果(guo)(guo)。
品種由來
度(du)尾文旦(dan)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)史悠久,據傳(chuan)說(shuo),1833年(nian)(清道光十(shi)二(er)年(nian))仙(xian)(xian)游縣度(du)尾鎮潭邊村(cun)后(hou)庭組吳登(deng)青(qing)(qing)考(kao)中(zhong)(zhong)舉(ju)人(ren)(ren),翌年(nian)他(ta)游覽浙(zhe)江金(jin)華府(fu)與仕友(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)嘗當(dang)地柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)時(shi)(shi),覺(jue)得(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尚佳,更向當(dang)地友(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)討(tao)取(qu)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗,并(bing)帶回幾(ji)(ji)棵種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)自己老家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)庭院內(nei),經(jing)過幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)精心(xin)培育,柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹長的(de)(de)(de)枝旺(wang)葉盛不久更開花(hua)結果(guo),到(dao)(dao)十(shi)月(yue)底(di)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)成熟時(shi)(shi),色澤(ze)青(qing)(qing)黃果(guo)實重(zhong)(zhong)2斤(jin)左右,采(cai)下品(pin)(pin)嘗時(shi)(shi)覺(jue)得(de)口感較好(hao),但(dan)汁(zhi)少有渣(zha),果(guo)肉(rou)中(zhong)(zhong)含有許多(duo)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)籽(zi),果(guo)形不規則(ze),皮粗影(ying)響品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吳登(deng)青(qing)(qing)感覺(jue)到(dao)(dao)自己種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)與金(jin)華吃的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)有明顯退化。吳舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)一次朋(peng)友(you)(you)(you)聚會上(shang),他(ta)了(le)解到(dao)(dao)潭邊村(cun)有位青(qing)(qing)年(nian)女(nv)子(zi)(zi)叫吳接(jie)(jie)母,人(ren)(ren)長的(de)(de)(de)清秀美麗,而且還是(shi)莆田仙(xian)(xian)戲班中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)名旦(dan),前幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)她在(zai)外出(chu)(chu)演出(chu)(chu)時(shi)(shi),帶回一棵柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗栽(zai)(zai)在(zai)自己的(de)(de)(de)厝邊,已(yi)開花(hua)結果(guo),其品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優良,不但(dan)口感好(hao),柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)果(guo)肉(rou)無(wu)籽(zi),汁(zhi)多(duo)無(wu)渣(zha),但(dan)果(guo)實不大,只有半市(shi)斤(jin)左右,吳登(deng)青(qing)(qing)獲悉后(hou),帶著(zhu)自己的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi),到(dao)(dao)吳接(jie)(jie)母家(jia)拜訪,當(dang)二(er)人(ren)(ren)相互(hu)品(pin)(pin)嘗著(zhu)對方的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)覺(jue)得(de)只有融合雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian),才能達到(dao)(dao)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),為此,請果(guo)匠把吳接(jie)(jie)母栽(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹上(shang)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)穗剪下來,嫁接(jie)(jie)到(dao)(dao)吳登(deng)青(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹上(shang)。經(jing)過精心(xin)管理,新嫁接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹終于結出(chu)(chu)果(guo)實了(le),到(dao)(dao)十(shi)月(yue)底(di)采(cai)收時(shi)(shi),果(guo)實重(zhong)(zhong)達1.5-2市(shi)斤(jin),形似大稱(cheng)砣,色澤(ze)青(qing)(qing)黃,產(chan)量也高(gao),品(pin)(pin)嘗內(nei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi),具備了(le)雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian),清香爽口、汁(zhi)多(duo)肉(rou)嫩、無(wu)籽(zi)無(wu)渣(zha)、芬香撲鼻,是(shi)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)佳品(pin)(pin),吳舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)與吳名旦(dan)二(er)人(ren)(ren)非常高(gao)興視(shi)為奇(qi)珍異果(guo),并(bing)取(qu)名為“文旦(dan)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”,其喻意為“文”舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)與名“旦(dan)”共(gong)同培育出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)佳柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),而且名字也雅致含蓄。之(zhi)后(hou)他(ta)們(men)精心(xin)培植(zhi)(zhi),不斷繁育這一優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),并(bing)贈送(song)給(gei)親(qin)朋(peng)好(hao)友(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)后(hou),在(zai)度(du)尾鎮寶興、新厝子(zi)(zi)、陳庫幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)自然村(cun)等(deng)地都出(chu)(chu)現零星栽(zai)(zai)培這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi),由于這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)量極(ji)少,多(duo)作珍品(pin)(pin)饋贈親(qin)朋(peng)好(hao)友(you)(you)(you)、上(shang)司、貴賓乃至被地方官府(fu)當(dang)作朝庭貢品(pin)(pin)向上(shang)朝貢。
生產情況
清末栽培成(cheng)功后,群眾用高壓(ya)法育苗(miao)傳鄰村。1949年(nian),度(du)尾(wei)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)(you)產(chan)量(liang)已(yi)達到2500公斤(jin)。由于文(wen)(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)(you)具有(you)單(dan)性結實的(de)特性,果(guo)(guo)實無籽(zi)(zi)脆(cui)甜。1984年(nian)11月,時(shi)任國(guo)家主席的(de)李(li)先念在福建視察時(shi),品嘗之后為(wei)它命名(ming)“度(du)尾(wei)無籽(zi)(zi)蜜柚(you)(you)”。1980年(nian)時(shi)該縣(xian)種植面(mian)(mian)積總共只有(you)198畝(mu)(mu),產(chan)量(liang)也只有(you)8噸(dun)。1983年(nian),經福建省科(ke)委鑒評,認定為(wei)優良柚(you)(you)類(lei)品種,同時(shi)被國(guo)家農業部,中國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院、中國(guo)植物(wu)研究所(suo)確認為(wei)是(shi)柚(you)(you)類(lei)中的(de)佳品。1992年(nian),該縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)(you)種植面(mian)(mian)積達2481畝(mu)(mu),年(nian)產(chan)量(liang)1050噸(dun),龍華、大濟、賴店(dian)、榜頭等也相繼引種。1998年(nian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到1萬(wan)多畝(mu)(mu)規模(mo),產(chan)量(liang)達6000噸(dun),產(chan)值(zhi)1500多萬(wan)元,為(wei)了(le)更好指(zhi)導度(du)尾(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)(you)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),度(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)(zhen)1998年(nian)成(cheng)立(li)了(le)度(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)(zhen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)(you)協會(hui),1999年(nian)又成(cheng)立(li)度(du)尾(wei)農工貿(mao)果(guo)(guo)品開發(fa)(fa)有(you)限公司,向(xiang)國(guo)家工商總局商標局申請注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)“度(du)尾(wei)”牌文(wen)(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)(you)這(zhe)一地理標志(zhi)商標,并在2000年(nian)4月得(de)到批準使用,注(zhu)(zhu)冊(ce)號(hao)(hao)為(wei)1388985號(hao)(hao)。2010年(nian),度(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)(zhen)種植文(wen)(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)(you)3.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),年(nian)產(chan)量(liang)達2萬(wan)噸(dun),年(nian)可創產(chan)值(zhi)7000萬(wan)元。