產地環境
度(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)位于仙游縣西部的(de)半山區丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶,區域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)113平方(fang)公里。全鎮(zhen)耕地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)3.6萬(wan)(wan)畝,山地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)畝。境內(nei)屬亞(ya)熱帶海洋季風氣候(hou),年(nian)均氣溫(wen)21℃,年(nian)降雨量1600—2000mm,日照充(chong)足、雨量充(chong)沛、水源豐富(fu),形(xing)成(cheng)了優質(zhi)水果特(te)別是(shi)文旦柚生產的(de)獨特(te)自然(ran)氣候(hou)條件,是(shi)發展亞(ya)熱帶植物的(de)天然(ran)寶地(di)(di)(di)。地(di)(di)(di)理上,靠近戴(dai)云山脈,四面(mian)環山中成(cheng)盆地(di)(di)(di)。境內(nei)山地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)為磚紅(hong)性(xing)紅(hong)壤(rang)、沙質(zhi)黃壤(rang)土,有機質(zhi)含量豐富(fu),是(shi)發展綠(lv)色(se)食物的(de)最適宜(yi)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang),被譽為“水果之鄉”。
品質特征
度(du)尾(wei)文(wen)旦柚是(shi)(shi)莆(pu)田四(si)大名(ming)果(guo)(guo)之一,是(shi)(shi)仙游縣度(du)尾(wei)鎮特有(you)的名(ming)貴(gui)佳果(guo)(guo),果(guo)(guo)實品質(zhi)(zhi)優良、氣味芬香、肉嫩汁醇、甜酸適度(du)、無籽少籽、清香爽口、風味獨(du)特。外(wai)觀形似(si)大稱砣,色澤青黃,果(guo)(guo)重800克左右。內含物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)豐富,具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)高營養(yang)價值和藥(yao)用(yong)功(gong)效,經(jing)福(fu)建(jian)農林大學測(ce)試中心檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)和天津輕工學院(yuan)成份分析(xi)度(du)尾(wei)文(wen)旦柚的有(you)益(yi)氨基酸達18種(zhong),礦物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)達11種(zhong),并(bing)經(jing)福(fu)建(jian)中醫研究院(yuan)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)表(biao)明,度(du)尾(wei)文(wen)旦柚含有(you)柚甙、新橙甙、胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)(su)、維生(sheng)素(su)(su)B、菸酸、鈣、磷、鐵、揮(hui)發油、糖和胰島(dao)素(su)(su)等(deng)成份,具(ju)有(you)抗炎止咳(ke)、降血壓、降血糖等(deng)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)藥(yao)膳兩宜的美味佳果(guo)(guo)。
品種由來
度(du)尾(wei)文旦(dan)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)種植(zhi)歷史悠久(jiu),據傳(chuan)說,1833年(nian)(清道(dao)光(guang)十二(er)年(nian))仙游縣度(du)尾(wei)鎮潭邊(bian)村后庭(ting)組吳(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青(qing)(qing)考中(zhong)舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren),翌年(nian)他游覽浙(zhe)江金華府與(yu)仕友品(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)當地(di)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)時(shi),覺(jue)得(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質尚佳(jia),更向當地(di)友人(ren)(ren)(ren)討取柚(you)(you)(you)(you)苗(miao),并(bing)帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)幾(ji)棵種植(zhi)在自(zi)己老(lao)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)庭(ting)院內,經(jing)過幾(ji)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)心培育(yu),柚(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)旺葉盛不(bu)久(jiu)更開花(hua)結果,到(dao)十月(yue)底柚(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)熟時(shi),色澤青(qing)(qing)黃果實(shi)重2斤(jin)左右,采(cai)下品(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)時(shi)覺(jue)得(de)口(kou)感(gan)較好(hao)(hao),但(dan)汁(zhi)少有(you)(you)(you)渣,果肉中(zhong)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)籽,果形不(bu)規則,皮粗影響品(pin)(pin)(pin)質,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青(qing)(qing)感(gan)覺(jue)到(dao)自(zi)己種的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)與(yu)金華吃的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)退化。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在一次朋(peng)友聚會上(shang)(shang),他了解到(dao)潭邊(bian)村有(you)(you)(you)位青(qing)(qing)年(nian)女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)叫吳(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母(mu),人(ren)(ren)(ren)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)清秀美麗(li),而且(qie)還是莆田仙戲班(ban)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一個名(ming)(ming)(ming)旦(dan),前幾(ji)年(nian)她(ta)在外出(chu)(chu)演出(chu)(chu)時(shi),帶(dai)(dai)回(hui)一棵柚(you)(you)(you)(you)苗(miao)栽(zai)在自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)厝邊(bian),已開花(hua)結果,其品(pin)(pin)(pin)質優(you)(you)(you)良(liang),不(bu)但(dan)口(kou)感(gan)好(hao)(hao),柚(you)(you)(you)(you)果肉無(wu)(wu)籽,汁(zhi)多(duo)(duo)無(wu)(wu)渣,但(dan)果實(shi)不(bu)大,只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)半(ban)市(shi)斤(jin)左右,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青(qing)(qing)獲悉(xi)后,帶(dai)(dai)著自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),到(dao)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母(mu)家(jia)拜訪,當二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)相互品(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)著對方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)覺(jue)得(de)只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)融合雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)點,才能(neng)達(da)到(dao)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質,為(wei)此(ci),請果匠把吳(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母(mu)栽(zai)的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)上(shang)(shang)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)穗剪下來,嫁接(jie)到(dao)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)上(shang)(shang)。經(jing)過精(jing)心管理,新嫁接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)終于結出(chu)(chu)果實(shi)了,到(dao)十月(yue)底采(cai)收時(shi),果實(shi)重達(da)1.5-2市(shi)斤(jin),形似(si)大稱砣,色澤青(qing)(qing)黃,產(chan)量(liang)(liang)也高,品(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)內質時(shi),具備了雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)點,清香爽口(kou)、汁(zhi)多(duo)(duo)肉嫩、無(wu)(wu)籽無(wu)(wu)渣、芬(fen)香撲鼻,是柚(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)佳(jia)品(pin)(pin)(pin),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)旦(dan)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)非常高興視為(wei)奇珍異果,并(bing)取名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)“文旦(dan)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)”,其喻意為(wei)“文”舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)“旦(dan)”共同培育(yu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)佳(jia)柚(you)(you)(you)(you),而且(qie)名(ming)(ming)(ming)字也雅致含(han)(han)蓄。之后他們精(jing)心培植(zhi),不(bu)斷繁育(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)一優(you)(you)(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種,并(bing)贈送給親朋(peng)好(hao)(hao)友種植(zhi),幾(ji)年(nian)后,在度(du)尾(wei)鎮寶興、新厝子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、陳庫幾(ji)個自(zi)然村等地(di)都出(chu)(chu)現(xian)零星栽(zai)培這(zhe)(zhe)種柚(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。當時(shi),由于這(zhe)(zhe)種柚(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)極少,多(duo)(duo)作珍品(pin)(pin)(pin)饋贈親朋(peng)好(hao)(hao)友、上(shang)(shang)司(si)、貴賓乃至被(bei)地(di)方(fang)(fang)官府當作朝(chao)庭(ting)貢(gong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)向上(shang)(shang)朝(chao)貢(gong)。
生產情況
清(qing)末栽培成(cheng)功后(hou)(hou),群眾用(yong)高壓法育苗傳(chuan)鄰村(cun)。1949年(nian),度(du)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)的文(wen)旦柚產(chan)(chan)量已達到(dao)2500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。由于文(wen)旦柚具有(you)單性(xing)結實的特(te)性(xing),果實無(wu)籽脆甜。1984年(nian)11月,時任國家主席的李先念(nian)在福建視察時,品(pin)嘗之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)為它命(ming)名“度(du)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)籽蜜(mi)柚”。1980年(nian)時該縣種植(zhi)面(mian)積總(zong)共只有(you)198畝,產(chan)(chan)量也只有(you)8噸。1983年(nian),經(jing)福建省科(ke)委鑒評,認定為優良柚類(lei)品(pin)種,同時被國家農業部,中國科(ke)學院(yuan)、中國植(zhi)物研究所(suo)確認為是柚類(lei)中的佳(jia)品(pin)。1992年(nian),該縣文(wen)旦柚種植(zhi)面(mian)積達2481畝,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量1050噸,龍華、大濟、賴店、榜頭等也相繼引種。1998年(nian)發展到(dao)1萬(wan)(wan)多畝規模,產(chan)(chan)量達6000噸,產(chan)(chan)值1500多萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),為了更好(hao)指導度(du)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)旦柚的發展,度(du)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)1998年(nian)成(cheng)立(li)了度(du)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)文(wen)旦柚協(xie)會,1999年(nian)又成(cheng)立(li)度(du)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)農工(gong)貿果品(pin)開發有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司,向國家工(gong)商(shang)總(zong)局商(shang)標局申請注(zhu)冊“度(du)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)”牌文(wen)旦柚這一(yi)地(di)理(li)標志商(shang)標,并在2000年(nian)4月得到(dao)批準使用(yong),注(zhu)冊號為1388985號。2010年(nian),度(du)尾(wei)(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)種植(zhi)文(wen)旦柚3.5萬(wan)(wan)畝,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量達2萬(wan)(wan)噸,年(nian)可創(chuang)產(chan)(chan)值7000萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。