產地環境
度尾鎮位于(yu)仙游(you)縣(xian)西(xi)部的(de)半(ban)山(shan)(shan)區丘陵地(di)(di)帶(dai),區域面積113平方公里。全鎮耕地(di)(di)面積3.6萬畝,山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)面積10萬畝。境內屬亞(ya)熱帶(dai)海洋季(ji)風氣(qi)候,年(nian)均氣(qi)溫21℃,年(nian)降雨量1600—2000mm,日照充足、雨量充沛、水源(yuan)豐(feng)富,形成(cheng)了(le)優質水果(guo)特(te)(te)別是文旦柚生產的(de)獨特(te)(te)自然氣(qi)候條件(jian),是發展亞(ya)熱帶(dai)植物(wu)的(de)天然寶地(di)(di)。地(di)(di)理上,靠近戴云山(shan)(shan)脈,四面環山(shan)(shan)中成(cheng)盆地(di)(di)。境內山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)土(tu)壤為磚(zhuan)紅性紅壤、沙(sha)質黃壤土(tu),有機(ji)質含(han)量豐(feng)富,是發展綠色食(shi)物(wu)的(de)最適宜的(de)地(di)(di)方,被(bei)譽為“水果(guo)之(zhi)鄉”。
品質特征
度(du)(du)尾文旦柚(you)是莆田四大(da)名(ming)果(guo)(guo)之一,是仙(xian)游縣度(du)(du)尾鎮特有(you)的(de)名(ming)貴佳果(guo)(guo),果(guo)(guo)實品質(zhi)優(you)良(liang)、氣味(wei)芬香、肉嫩汁醇、甜(tian)酸適(shi)度(du)(du)、無籽少籽、清香爽(shuang)口、風味(wei)獨特。外觀形似大(da)稱砣,色澤青黃,果(guo)(guo)重800克(ke)左右(you)。內含(han)物質(zhi)豐富,具有(you)較高(gao)營養價值和(he)(he)藥用功效,經福建農林大(da)學(xue)(xue)測試中(zhong)心檢(jian)(jian)測和(he)(he)天(tian)津輕工學(xue)(xue)院成(cheng)份(fen)分析度(du)(du)尾文旦柚(you)的(de)有(you)益氨基酸達(da)18種,礦物質(zhi)達(da)11種,并經福建中(zhong)醫(yi)研究院檢(jian)(jian)測表明,度(du)(du)尾文旦柚(you)含(han)有(you)柚(you)甙、新橙甙、胡蘿卜(bu)素(su)、維生素(su)B、菸酸、鈣(gai)、磷、鐵、揮發油、糖(tang)(tang)和(he)(he)胰(yi)島素(su)等成(cheng)份(fen),具有(you)抗炎止咳、降(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)血糖(tang)(tang)等作用是藥膳兩宜的(de)美味(wei)佳果(guo)(guo)。
品種由來
度(du)尾(wei)文旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)植歷史悠久(jiu),據傳說,1833年(nian)(清道光十(shi)二(er)年(nian))仙游縣度(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)潭邊(bian)(bian)(bian)村(cun)后庭組吳(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青考(kao)中(zhong)舉(ju)人(ren)(ren),翌年(nian)他游覽浙江金(jin)華府與仕友(you)品(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)(chang)當(dang)地(di)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)時(shi),覺得品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)尚佳,更(geng)向(xiang)當(dang)地(di)友(you)人(ren)(ren)討取(qu)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗,并(bing)(bing)帶(dai)回幾(ji)(ji)棵種(zhong)植在(zai)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)老家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庭院內,經過幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)心(xin)培(pei)育,柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝旺葉盛不久(jiu)更(geng)開花結(jie)(jie)果(guo),到(dao)十(shi)月底柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)成熟時(shi),色(se)(se)澤(ze)青黃果(guo)實重(zhong)2斤左右,采下品(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)(chang)時(shi)覺得口感較好(hao)(hao),但(dan)汁少有(you)渣(zha),果(guo)肉中(zhong)含有(you)許多(duo)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)籽,果(guo)形(xing)不規則,皮粗影(ying)響品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青感覺到(dao)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)與金(jin)華吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)有(you)明顯退化。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)一次朋(peng)友(you)聚(ju)會上(shang)(shang),他了(le)解到(dao)潭邊(bian)(bian)(bian)村(cun)有(you)位(wei)青年(nian)女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)叫(jiao)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母,人(ren)(ren)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清秀美麗,而且(qie)還(huan)是(shi)莆(pu)田仙戲(xi)班中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)名(ming)旦(dan)(dan),前幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)她在(zai)外(wai)出(chu)(chu)演出(chu)(chu)時(shi),帶(dai)回一棵柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗栽在(zai)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厝(cuo)邊(bian)(bian)(bian),已開花結(jie)(jie)果(guo),其(qi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)良,不但(dan)口感好(hao)(hao),柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)果(guo)肉無(wu)籽,汁多(duo)無(wu)渣(zha),但(dan)果(guo)實不大,只有(you)半市斤左右,吳(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青獲悉后,帶(dai)著自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi),到(dao)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母家拜訪,當(dang)二(er)人(ren)(ren)相互品(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)(chang)著對方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)覺得只有(you)融合雙方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)(dian),才能達到(dao)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi),為(wei)此(ci),請果(guo)匠把吳(wu)(wu)(wu)接(jie)母栽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)上(shang)(shang)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)穗剪下來,嫁(jia)接(jie)到(dao)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)登(deng)青的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)上(shang)(shang)。經過精(jing)心(xin)管(guan)理,新嫁(jia)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)終于(yu)結(jie)(jie)出(chu)(chu)果(guo)實了(le),到(dao)十(shi)月底采收時(shi),果(guo)實重(zhong)達1.5-2市斤,形(xing)似大稱(cheng)砣(tuo),色(se)(se)澤(ze)青黃,產量也高(gao),品(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)(chang)內質(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),具備了(le)雙方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)(dian),清香(xiang)(xiang)爽口、汁多(duo)肉嫩、無(wu)籽無(wu)渣(zha)、芬香(xiang)(xiang)撲鼻,是(shi)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)佳品(pin)(pin),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)與吳(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)旦(dan)(dan)二(er)人(ren)(ren)非常高(gao)興(xing)視為(wei)奇珍(zhen)異果(guo),并(bing)(bing)取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)“文旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”,其(qi)喻(yu)意為(wei)“文”舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)與名(ming)“旦(dan)(dan)”共同(tong)培(pei)育出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),而且(qie)名(ming)字也雅致含蓄(xu)。之(zhi)后他們精(jing)心(xin)培(pei)植,不斷繁育這(zhe)一優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),并(bing)(bing)贈送給親朋(peng)好(hao)(hao)友(you)種(zhong)植,幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)后,在(zai)度(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)寶興(xing)、新厝(cuo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、陳庫幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)自(zi)然村(cun)等地(di)都出(chu)(chu)現零星栽培(pei)這(zhe)種(zhong)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。當(dang)時(shi),由于(yu)這(zhe)種(zhong)柚(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產量極少,多(duo)作珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)饋贈親朋(peng)好(hao)(hao)友(you)、上(shang)(shang)司、貴賓乃(nai)至被(bei)地(di)方(fang)官府當(dang)作朝庭貢品(pin)(pin)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)朝貢。
生產情況
清末栽培(pei)成(cheng)功后,群(qun)眾用高壓法育苗傳鄰村。1949年(nian)(nian),度(du)尾(wei)(wei)的(de)文(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)已達(da)到2500公(gong)斤。由于文(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)具有單性結實(shi)的(de)特性,果實(shi)無籽(zi)(zi)脆(cui)甜。1984年(nian)(nian)11月(yue),時任國(guo)家主席的(de)李先念在(zai)福建視(shi)察時,品(pin)嘗之后為(wei)它命名“度(du)尾(wei)(wei)無籽(zi)(zi)蜜(mi)柚(you)”。1980年(nian)(nian)時該(gai)縣種植面積總共(gong)只有198畝,產(chan)(chan)量(liang)也只有8噸。1983年(nian)(nian),經福建省(sheng)科委鑒評(ping),認定(ding)為(wei)優良柚(you)類品(pin)種,同時被國(guo)家農(nong)業部,中國(guo)科學院、中國(guo)植物研究所確認為(wei)是(shi)柚(you)類中的(de)佳(jia)品(pin)。1992年(nian)(nian),該(gai)縣文(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)種植面積達(da)2481畝,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)1050噸,龍華、大濟、賴店、榜頭等也相繼引種。1998年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到1萬多畝規模,產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)6000噸,產(chan)(chan)值1500多萬元(yuan),為(wei)了更好(hao)指導(dao)度(du)尾(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),度(du)尾(wei)(wei)鎮1998年(nian)(nian)成(cheng)立了度(du)尾(wei)(wei)鎮文(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)協(xie)會(hui),1999年(nian)(nian)又成(cheng)立度(du)尾(wei)(wei)農(nong)工(gong)貿果品(pin)開發(fa)(fa)有限(xian)公(gong)司,向國(guo)家工(gong)商(shang)總局(ju)商(shang)標局(ju)申請(qing)注冊“度(du)尾(wei)(wei)”牌文(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)這(zhe)一地理標志商(shang)標,并在(zai)2000年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)得到批(pi)準(zhun)使用,注冊號(hao)為(wei)1388985號(hao)。2010年(nian)(nian),度(du)尾(wei)(wei)鎮種植文(wen)(wen)旦柚(you)3.5萬畝,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)2萬噸,年(nian)(nian)可創產(chan)(chan)值7000萬元(yuan)。