產地環境
度尾鎮位(wei)于(yu)仙(xian)游縣西部的(de)(de)半山(shan)區丘陵地(di)(di)帶(dai),區域面(mian)積(ji)113平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里。全(quan)鎮耕地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)3.6萬畝,山(shan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)10萬畝。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)屬(shu)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)海洋季(ji)風氣候(hou)(hou),年均氣溫21℃,年降雨量1600—2000mm,日(ri)照充足、雨量充沛、水(shui)源(yuan)豐富,形(xing)成(cheng)了優(you)質水(shui)果(guo)(guo)特別(bie)是文旦柚(you)生產(chan)的(de)(de)獨(du)特自(zi)然氣候(hou)(hou)條件,是發展亞(ya)熱帶(dai)植物(wu)的(de)(de)天然寶地(di)(di)。地(di)(di)理上,靠近(jin)戴云山(shan)脈,四面(mian)環山(shan)中成(cheng)盆地(di)(di)。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)山(shan)地(di)(di)土壤為磚紅性紅壤、沙質黃壤土,有機質含量豐富,是發展綠色食物(wu)的(de)(de)最(zui)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang),被譽為“水(shui)果(guo)(guo)之(zhi)鄉”。
品質特征
度尾(wei)文旦柚是莆(pu)田四(si)大名果之一,是仙游縣度尾(wei)鎮特(te)有(you)(you)(you)的名貴佳果,果實品質優良、氣(qi)味(wei)芬香(xiang)、肉(rou)嫩汁醇、甜(tian)酸(suan)適度、無籽少籽、清香(xiang)爽口、風味(wei)獨特(te)。外(wai)觀(guan)形似(si)大稱砣,色澤青黃,果重800克左(zuo)右。內含物(wu)(wu)質豐富,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較高營(ying)養價值和(he)藥(yao)用功效,經(jing)福建農林大學測試(shi)中心檢測和(he)天津輕工學院成份分析(xi)度尾(wei)文旦柚的有(you)(you)(you)益氨基酸(suan)達18種(zhong),礦物(wu)(wu)質達11種(zhong),并經(jing)福建中醫研(yan)究院檢測表(biao)明,度尾(wei)文旦柚含有(you)(you)(you)柚甙(dai)、新橙甙(dai)、胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)、維生(sheng)素(su)B、菸酸(suan)、鈣、磷、鐵、揮(hui)發油(you)、糖和(he)胰(yi)島素(su)等成份,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)抗炎止(zhi)咳、降血壓、降血糖等作用是藥(yao)膳兩(liang)宜的美味(wei)佳果。
品種由來
度尾文旦(dan)柚(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷史悠久,據(ju)傳說,1833年(nian)(nian)(清道(dao)光十二年(nian)(nian))仙游縣(xian)度尾鎮潭邊(bian)(bian)村后庭組吳登(deng)(deng)青(qing)(qing)考中舉人(ren),翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)他游覽浙(zhe)江金華府與仕(shi)友(you)品(pin)嘗(chang)(chang)當(dang)地(di)柚(you)(you)子(zi)時(shi)(shi),覺(jue)得(de)品(pin)質(zhi)尚佳,更向當(dang)地(di)友(you)人(ren)討取柚(you)(you)苗,并(bing)(bing)帶回幾棵(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)自己老家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庭院內,經過幾年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精心培(pei)(pei)育,柚(you)(you)樹(shu)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝旺葉盛(sheng)不久更開花結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),到(dao)(dao)(dao)十月(yue)底(di)柚(you)(you)子(zi)成(cheng)熟時(shi)(shi),色澤青(qing)(qing)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)重2斤左(zuo)右(you),采(cai)(cai)下品(pin)嘗(chang)(chang)時(shi)(shi)覺(jue)得(de)口感較好,但汁少有(you)渣(zha),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)中含有(you)許多柚(you)(you)籽,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形不規則,皮粗影響(xiang)品(pin)質(zhi),吳登(deng)(deng)青(qing)(qing)感覺(jue)到(dao)(dao)(dao)自己種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)與金華吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)品(pin)質(zhi)上有(you)明顯退化。吳舉人(ren)在(zai)一次(ci)朋友(you)聚會上,他了(le)解到(dao)(dao)(dao)潭邊(bian)(bian)村有(you)位青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)女(nv)子(zi)叫吳接母(mu)(mu),人(ren)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清秀美麗,而且(qie)還是莆田仙戲(xi)班中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個名旦(dan),前幾年(nian)(nian)她在(zai)外出(chu)(chu)演出(chu)(chu)時(shi)(shi),帶回一棵(ke)柚(you)(you)苗栽在(zai)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厝邊(bian)(bian),已開花結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),其品(pin)質(zhi)優良,不但口感好,柚(you)(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)無(wu)(wu)(wu)籽,汁多無(wu)(wu)(wu)渣(zha),但果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)不大(da),只有(you)半市斤左(zuo)右(you),吳登(deng)(deng)青(qing)(qing)獲悉后,帶著(zhu)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)子(zi),到(dao)(dao)(dao)吳接母(mu)(mu)家(jia)拜訪,當(dang)二人(ren)相互品(pin)嘗(chang)(chang)著(zhu)對方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)子(zi)覺(jue)得(de)只有(you)融(rong)合(he)雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian),才能達到(dao)(dao)(dao)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi),為(wei)此,請果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)匠把吳接母(mu)(mu)栽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)樹(shu)上柚(you)(you)穗剪下來(lai),嫁接到(dao)(dao)(dao)吳登(deng)(deng)青(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)樹(shu)上。經過精心管理,新嫁接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柚(you)(you)樹(shu)終于結(jie)(jie)出(chu)(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)了(le),到(dao)(dao)(dao)十月(yue)底(di)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)重達1.5-2市斤,形似大(da)稱砣,色澤青(qing)(qing)黃(huang),產量(liang)也高,品(pin)嘗(chang)(chang)內質(zhi)時(shi)(shi),具(ju)備了(le)雙(shuang)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian),清香爽口、汁多肉(rou)嫩、無(wu)(wu)(wu)籽無(wu)(wu)(wu)渣(zha)、芬香撲鼻,是柚(you)(you)中佳品(pin),吳舉人(ren)與吳名旦(dan)二人(ren)非常高興視(shi)為(wei)奇珍(zhen)異果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),并(bing)(bing)取名為(wei)“文旦(dan)柚(you)(you)”,其喻意為(wei)“文”舉人(ren)與名“旦(dan)”共同培(pei)(pei)育出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳柚(you)(you),而且(qie)名字(zi)也雅致含蓄。之(zhi)后他們精心培(pei)(pei)植(zhi)(zhi),不斷繁育這一優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),并(bing)(bing)贈送(song)給親朋好友(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),幾年(nian)(nian)后,在(zai)度尾鎮寶(bao)興、新厝子(zi)、陳庫幾個自然村等(deng)地(di)都出(chu)(chu)現零星栽培(pei)(pei)這種(zhong)(zhong)柚(you)(you)子(zi)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi),由于這種(zhong)(zhong)柚(you)(you)子(zi)產量(liang)極少,多作珍(zhen)品(pin)饋贈親朋好友(you)、上司、貴(gui)賓乃至(zhi)被(bei)地(di)方官(guan)府當(dang)作朝庭貢品(pin)向上朝貢。
生產情況
清末栽培成(cheng)功后(hou),群眾用高壓法(fa)育(yu)苗傳鄰村(cun)。1949年(nian)(nian),度(du)(du)尾(wei)的文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)已(yi)達(da)到2500公斤。由于文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)具有(you)單性結實的特(te)性,果實無籽(zi)脆甜。1984年(nian)(nian)11月,時(shi)任國(guo)家主席的李先念在(zai)福建視察(cha)時(shi),品嘗(chang)之后(hou)為它(ta)命名“度(du)(du)尾(wei)無籽(zi)蜜柚(you)(you)”。1980年(nian)(nian)時(shi)該縣種植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)總(zong)共只(zhi)有(you)198畝(mu),產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)只(zhi)有(you)8噸。1983年(nian)(nian),經福建省科(ke)委鑒評(ping),認(ren)定為優良(liang)柚(you)(you)類品種,同時(shi)被國(guo)家農業部(bu),中(zhong)國(guo)科(ke)學院、中(zhong)國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物研究所(suo)確認(ren)為是柚(you)(you)類中(zhong)的佳品。1992年(nian)(nian),該縣文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)達(da)2481畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)1050噸,龍華、大濟、賴店、榜頭等也(ye)相繼引(yin)種。1998年(nian)(nian)發展到1萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)畝(mu)規模,產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)達(da)6000噸,產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)1500多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan),為了(le)(le)更好指導度(du)(du)尾(wei)文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)的發展,度(du)(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)1998年(nian)(nian)成(cheng)立了(le)(le)度(du)(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)協(xie)會,1999年(nian)(nian)又(you)成(cheng)立度(du)(du)尾(wei)農工(gong)(gong)貿果品開(kai)發有(you)限公司,向國(guo)家工(gong)(gong)商總(zong)局商標局申請注冊(ce)“度(du)(du)尾(wei)”牌(pai)文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)這一地理(li)標志商標,并在(zai)2000年(nian)(nian)4月得到批準使用,注冊(ce)號(hao)為1388985號(hao)。2010年(nian)(nian),度(du)(du)尾(wei)鎮(zhen)種植(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)旦(dan)(dan)柚(you)(you)3.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)達(da)2萬(wan)(wan)噸,年(nian)(nian)可創(chuang)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)7000萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。