一.產品介紹
泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)枕山面海(hai)(hai),氣候溫和(he),濕潤(run)多(duo)(duo)雨,具有(you)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)生長所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)得天獨(du)(du)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然氣候條件,是龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)栽培(pei)最適宜區和(he)發祥地(di)。已有(you)1700多(duo)(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)栽培(pei)歷史,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)特(te)產(chan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)干(gan)是絲(si)綢銷(xiao)往(wang)海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)主要商品(pin)(pin)(pin)之一(yi)。早在1978年(nian),晉江、鯉城和(he)南(nan)安(an)被(bei)國家農(nong)業(ye)部、全(quan)國供銷(xiao)總社確定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)國六大龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)生產(chan)基地(di)縣中。1997年(nian),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)安(an)又榮獲“中國龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)之鄉(xiang)”稱(cheng)號。2014年(nian)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)通(tong)過農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理標志認(ren)證。目前(qian),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積43萬畝,總產(chan)量(liang)4.7萬噸。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積、產(chan)量(liang)均居福(fu)建(jian)省和(he)全(quan)國地(di)級市(shi)前(qian)列。全(quan)市(shi)擁有(you)萬畝龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉(xiang)鎮15個(ge),百畝以上龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)場有(you)166個(ge)被(bei)譽(yu)為“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)洋”。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)擁有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)(yuan),堪稱(cheng)我國“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)資源(yuan)(yuan)寶庫”,原(yuan)產(chan)于(yu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(或品(pin)(pin)(pin)系)計有(you)79個(ge)。引進的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)40多(duo)(duo)個(ge),登記造冊的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)系多(duo)(duo)達110多(duo)(duo)個(ge),占(zhan)全(quan)國龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三分之一(yi)。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質優良、風(feng)味(wei)獨(du)(du)特(te),馳名中外(wai)(wai)。“東璧”為泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)“珍稀”獨(du)(du)有(you)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),被(bei)譽(yu)為“鮮食(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)之王”;“福(fu)眼(yan)”為泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)主栽品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),經品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)鑒評被(bei)公(gong)認(ren)為制罐、加工最佳良種(zhong)(zhong),被(bei)稱(cheng)為加工的(de)(de)(de)(de)“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)之王”,曾榮獲巴黎(li)國際博(bo)覽會旅游(you)美食(shi)金(jin)質獎章 “綠喜(xi)”、“康爾美”、 “康益園”、“源(yuan)(yuan)山”、“育新”、“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)珠山”、“喜(xi)多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)”、“親親”牌(pai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)眼(yan)加工產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)暢銷(xiao)國內(nei)外(wai)(wai),深受國內(nei)外(wai)(wai)消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)青睞。
二.自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):泉州(zhou)市位于福建省東南沿海,東臨臺灣海峽,依山(shan)面海,境內山(shan)巒起(qi)伏,丘(qiu)(qiu)陵、河谷、盆地(di)(di)錯落其間(jian),地(di)(di)勢(shi)西北(bei)高(gao)東南低(di),西部為(wei)戴(dai)云山(shan)主(zhu)體部分(fen),山(shan)地(di)(di)1000多萬(wan)畝,耕地(di)(di)217萬(wan)畝,山(shan)地(di)(di)、丘(qiu)(qiu)陵占(zhan)土(tu)地(di)(di)總面積的五分(fen)之四(si),俗稱(cheng)“八山(shan)一水一分(fen)田(tian)”。閩(min)南沿海丘(qiu)(qiu)陵平原分(fen)布最廣(guang)的土(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)紅壤(rang)、磚紅壤(rang)性(xing)紅壤(rang),土(tu)壤(rang)酸性(xing)較(jiao)強,適宜龍眼(yan)種植。種植出的龍眼(yan)果肉(rou)淡白色,明如凝(ning)脂,晶瑩(ying)潤澤,肉(rou)質嫩脆。?
2、水文情(qing)況:泉州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)屬于南亞熱帶海洋性季風氣候,氣候溫和(he),雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)適中,年降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)1000-1800毫米。龍(long)(long)眼(yan)夏秋間(jian)(5~11月)生長(chang)期需要(yao)充沛的(de)(de)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang),泉州(zhou)(zhou)全年多(duo)雨(yu)(yu)有利(li)于龍(long)(long)眼(yan)果實的(de)(de)生長(chang)發(fa)育。境(jing)內(nei)溪流多(duo)達34條(tiao),總長(chang)1620公(gong)里,地表水總量(liang)87.6億立方米,可利(li)用(yong)水量(liang)14.56億立方米。境(jing)內(nei)水資(zi)源保持(chi)良好,水質清澈(che)、純(chun)凈,是(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)農業(ye)用(yong)水,保證了種(zhong)植(zhi)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)無污染的(de)(de)水源,為種(zhong)植(zhi)出高(gao)品(pin)質的(de)(de)泉州(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)(long)眼(yan)提供保障。?
3、氣候(hou)(hou)情況:泉(quan)(quan)州地處低(di)緯度,夏(xia)長無酷暑,冬短無嚴寒(han),氣候(hou)(hou)宜(yi)人,雨量(liang)充沛,屬典(dian)型(xing)的南亞熱帶海(hai)洋性季(ji)風(feng)氣候(hou)(hou),素有“溫(wen)陵(ling)”之(zhi)稱。“四序有花(hua)(hua)常見雨,一冬無雪卻聞雷”是泉(quan)(quan)州氣候(hou)(hou)的寫照(zhao)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)18-20℃,無霜期310天以(yi)上(shang),年(nian)降雨量(liang)1000-1800毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)達(da)1900-2000小時,冬季(ji)適宜(yi)的低(di)溫(wen)(日(ri)均(jun)溫(wen)≦10℃寒(han)積天數21天以(yi)上(shang))既有利于(yu)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)分化(hua),又無凍(dong)害。海(hai)陸(lu)間的熱力差異,東南季(ji)風(feng)帶著(zhu)大洋水氣頻頻而來,潤澤著(zhu)溫(wen)陵(ling)山川,繁(fan)育著(zhu)豐富的茗果資源,形成(cheng)了適宜(yi)龍(long)眼(yan)(yan)生長的得天獨厚(hou)的自然氣候(hou)(hou)及環(huan)境條(tiao)件。
三.地域范圍
泉州(zhou)龍眼地(di)域保(bao)護范圍包括泉州(zhou)市所(suo)轄南安市、惠安縣(xian)、泉港區(qu)(qu)、安溪(xi)縣(xian)、晉(jin)江市、洛江區(qu)(qu)、永春縣(xian)、石獅市、豐澤(ze)區(qu)(qu)等9個縣(xian)(區(qu)(qu)、市)。地(di)理坐標為東經118°17′11″~119°34′19″,北(bei)緯24°56′39″~25°45′25″。總保(bao)護面(mian)積(ji)8752平方千米,年生產面(mian)積(ji)33萬(wan)畝,年產量5萬(wan)噸。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特(te)征:
(1)福眼(yan):果(guo)(guo)實扁圓形,果(guo)(guo)頂圓,果(guo)(guo)大。果(guo)(guo)肉淡白色,肉厚,透明,稍(shao)脆(cui),清甜味淡,皮薄,果(guo)(guo)核紫黑(hei)色,扁圓形。
(2)東壁:果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實近(jin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩、基(ji)均(jun)平。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮褐帶(dai)灰(hui),具(ju)有黃褐色細斑(ban),龜(gui)狀紋明顯、較(jiao)規(gui)則(ze),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面放射線多,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮稍脆(cui)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳白、透明、渣極少。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)核紫黑色,近(jin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大、肉厚、質堅(jian)脆(cui),濃甜且芳香,含糖量高。
(3)松(song)風(feng)本:果(guo)(guo)穗大,果(guo)(guo)樹大小均勻,分布較密。果(guo)(guo)實近(jin)圓(yuan)形,黃褐色,龜狀紋(wen)不明顯,縱紋(wen)和(he)瘤(liu)狀突(tu)起(qi)明顯,果(guo)(guo)中大,果(guo)(guo)肉乳白色,半透(tou)明,質地脆,味(wei)濃甜,不流汁,易離核(he)、風(feng)味(wei)濃。?
2、內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:泉州龍眼品質(zhi)(zhi)較好,營(ying)養價值高(gao),單果重(zhong)10.9~14.2g,果實(shi)可(ke)溶(rong)性固形物含量14.3%~23.0%,可(ke)食率62.5%~73.4%,品質(zhi)(zhi)優。?
3、產品質量(liang)安全(quan)規定:泉州龍眼產品質量(liang)按NY/T5176—2002執行。
五(wu).特定生產(chan)方式
1、場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)選(xuan)擇:在園地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇上,比較注(zhu)意的(de)是坡向。冬季(ji)有(you)霜(shuang)凍地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),選(xuan)擇南或東南向;沿海地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)常(chang)有(you)臺(tai)風,有(you)條件地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu),選(xuan)西南方向為宜(yi)。土層應深(shen)厚,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質表層沙壤(rang)至(zhi)壤(rang)土,底(di)層沙壤(rang)土最為理想。沿海風沙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應選(xuan)擇地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形開(kai)曠,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢較高(gao)而平坦的(de)沙壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。雨(yu)季(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)位變動在距地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表120厘米(mi)以上為宜(yi)。?
2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)與(yu)特定要(yao)求(qiu):栽培品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的選擇(ze)主要(yao)取決(jue)于市場的需求(qiu)、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)在栽培地區的適(shi)應性和栽培技術水平等。選擇(ze)鮮食、制罐、焙干多(duo)用途及其(qi)豐產優質性好、純度一致的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。主要(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)植品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)福眼、東壁、松風本(ben)等。?
3、生(sheng)產過(guo)程管理與控制技術(shu):
(1)培育健壯花(hua)穗(sui):促(cu)進花(hua)芽按時萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)生長。在(zai)正常年份,龍眼在(zai)1月下旬至(zhi)2月初開(kai)始萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)花(hua)芽,是促(cu)進龍眼成花(hua)的關鍵(jian)技術措(cuo)施之一。具(ju)體措(cuo)施是:控冬梢不宜過度(du);遇旱灌水(shui);輕施水(shui)肥和施葉(xie)面肥;春節(jie)前后噴(pen)施促(cu)萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)。
(2)消除(chu)(chu)小葉對花穗(sui)(sui)形成(cheng)的影響(xiang)。在花穗(sui)(sui)生長發育期若出現小紅葉,及時用人工摘除(chu)(chu)或(huo)用100-150ppm乙烯利脫(tuo)小葉。
(3)花穗(sui)生(sheng)長發(fa)育期遇旱或(huo)受凍等因素停止生(sheng)長,需及時采用灌水(shui)、施肥等方(fang)法促(cu)進花穗(sui)的生(sheng)長發(fa)育。
(4)授粉(fen):主要(yao)方法有:果園放蜂和人工輔助授粉(fen);花期遇雨,及時搖樹防止“漚花”;花期遇旱,及時土(tu)壤灌(guan)水和葉面噴(pen)水保濕,保證正常授粉(fen)受(shou)精(jing)。
(5)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):幼齡龍(long)眼樹(shu)不同(tong)的(de)(de)生長(chang)時(shi)期的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法不同(tong)。新植幼樹(shu)新根少且很弱,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應以(yi)(yi)(yi)薄施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)勤(qin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)原則。小(xiao)苗(miao)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)新梢(shao)老(lao)熟抽(chou)發(fa)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)新梢(shao)時(shi)開始(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)每(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)新梢(shao)萌發(fa)前和(he)老(lao)熟時(shi)各施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),即“一(yi)梢(shao)二(er)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)”,或每(mei)月可(ke)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1-2次(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)(yi)水肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,以(yi)(yi)(yi)速效(xiao)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,配施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),每(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)每(mei)株施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)0.025kg加(jia)尿素0.025kg,每(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)噴(pen)農藥(yao)防病(bing)蟲時(shi)加(jia)入(ru)高效(xiao)葉面肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),有利于幼齡樹(shu)生長(chang),但隨著樹(shu)冠葉面積的(de)(de)擴大(da)而逐步加(jia)大(da)。龍(long)眼結果樹(shu)重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秋梢(shao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),可(ke)分兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong):第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在收果前后(hou)一(yi)個月內(7月下旬至(zhi)8月下旬)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完,宜(yi)早不宜(yi)遲,要求(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量充(chong)足,速效(xiao)與緩(huan)效(xiao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)結合施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)滿足秋梢(shao)整個生長(chang)過(guo)程對肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料的(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在9月下旬至(zhi)10月初進(jin)行,目的(de)(de)是促進(jin)末次(ci)(ci)(ci)梢(shao)萌發(fa)生長(chang),這次(ci)(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)只施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速效(xiao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),而不偏施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),避(bi)免末次(ci)(ci)(ci)梢(shao)徒長(chang)。
(6)排灌(guan)水:在(zai)果(guo)實發育期雨水過(guo)多,要注意及(ji)時(shi)排除(chu)積水,遇(yu)旱更需要及(ji)時(shi)灌(guan)水保濕,確保果(guo)實正常發育。
(7)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):一(yi)般在3月(yue)(yue)中旬花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)發(fa)育剛完(wan)成(cheng)至開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前進行疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua);在5月(yue)(yue)下旬至6月(yue)(yue)初(chu)小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)育至黃豆大小(xiao)時疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。具體方法(fa)及要求是:疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)病穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)、弱穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)和生長(chang)(chang)不良的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),保留(liu)(liu)生長(chang)(chang)健壯(zhuang)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),減(jian)少無(wu)謂養分(fen)消耗(hao),提高(gao)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率;樹冠頂部(bu)(bu)多(duo)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),中下部(bu)(bu)少疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),以防止樹冠頂部(bu)(bu)掛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)過多(duo)而通頂,造成(cheng)夏(xia)日(ri)直射樹干,削弱樹勢(shi);去(qu)外留(liu)(liu)內,去(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)留(liu)(liu)副,折上(shang)留(liu)(liu)下。即把樹冠外圍的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)多(duo)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)些,保留(liu)(liu)較(jiao)多(duo)樹冠內圍的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),同一(yi)基枝上(shang)有兩穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)或(huo)多(duo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)時,疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),留(liu)(liu)副花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),或(huo)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),保留(liu)(liu)下部(bu)(bu)短壯(zhuang)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)應(ying)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)稀少的(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),保留(liu)(liu)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)而緊湊的(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),但如果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)單穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)過多(duo)則應(ying)適(shi)(shi)當疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)一(yi)些側穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),適(shi)(shi)當減(jian)少單穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)掛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量。?
4、產品收獲:龍眼果實以充分成熟采收為宜,泉州市龍眼采收期集中在9月上旬到10月上旬。龍眼果實成熟的(de)標準:
(1)果(guo)(guo)殼由青色轉黃(huang)褐色,由厚而(er)粗糙轉為薄(bo)而(er)平滑,果(guo)(guo)殼上的果(guo)(guo)皮毛基本脫落。
(2)果肉由堅硬變(bian)為柔軟而富有(you)彈性。
(3)果核(he)(he)變黑褐色(se)(紅核(he)(he)品種除外(wai))。
(4)果肉呈現濃甜或用測(ce)糖(tang)儀測(ce)定時果肉的(de)可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物達到最高(gao)值即可(ke)收獲。?
5、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄要求:泉州龍眼(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)要建生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄檔(dang)案,對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang),病(bing)蟲害發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、技術措施(shi)、農藥(yao)化肥的(de)使用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)以(yi)及收獲日(ri)期、質量(liang)檢測情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、銷售情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)等(deng)進行全(quan)(quan)面記錄,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄應當保存兩(liang)年以(yi)上(shang),以(yi)備查詢。