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旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)杜(du)仲，中藥材(cai)品(pin)種(zhong)，四川省旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)縣特產，中國(guo)國(guo)家地理標志產品(pin)。旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)縣人工栽培杜(du)仲歷史悠久，適宜的(de)土壤氣候條件(jian)和豐富的(de)水資源，使(shi)旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)杜(du)仲資源豐富、品(pin)質高，杜(du)仲皮和葉里有效(xiao)成分含(han)量(liang)居(ju)中國(guo)之首，為旺(wang)(wang)蒼(cang)贏來(lai)了“林蔭藥鄉”的(de)美(mei)譽(yu)。

生物特性

旺蒼(cang)杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)屬杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)科落葉喬(qiao)木。又稱絲(si)棉木。高可(ke)(ke)達15米—20米。樹皮入藥，以杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu)要(yao)原料的中成藥在東南亞各國(guo)和(he)港澳地(di)區很有聲譽(yu)；葉子可(ke)(ke)制保健(jian)茶(cha)，外銷日本，也可(ke)(ke)提(ti)取杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)膠(jiao)。品種(zhong)有粗皮杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)、光(guang)皮杜(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)。四川開發利(li)用歷(li)史悠久，全省120個縣（市）有公布(bu)(bu)，主(zhu)要(yao)公布(bu)(bu)在廣元、綿陽(yang)、成都、萬縣、巴(ba)中等市地(di)。

杜(du)仲的(de)干燥樹皮(pi)，常用(yong)川(chuan)產(chan)道地(di)中(zhong)藥材(cai)。又稱思仙、思仲、絲棉皮(pi)、扯絲皮(pi)。始(shi)載于(yu)《神農本草(cao)經》。性(xing)溫，味甘(gan)、微辛，具有補肝腎、強筋骨、安胎、降血壓等(deng)功效。主產(chan)于(yu)巴中(zhong)、達川(chuan)、綿陽、青川(chuan)、平武、溫江、彭州、都江堰等(deng)地(di)。栽培(pei)或野生于(yu)山地(di)林中(zhong)，春、夏兩季(ji)剝取種植近(jin)10年的(de)樹皮(pi)。皮(pi)厚，塊大，去凈粗皮(pi)，面絲多(duo)，內表面色(se)暗紫為(wei)佳。主要藥用(yong)成分(fen)為(wei)杜(du)仲膠(jiao)。

生產情況

旺(wang)蒼(cang)縣(xian)是(shi)川北革命老區，山地面積占了全縣(xian)的99.96%，地理條件決定了旺(wang)蒼(cang)是(shi)以林(lin)業為(wei)主(zhu)的山區縣(xian)。旺(wang)蒼(cang)杜(du)仲人工栽培歷史悠久，為(wei)該(gai)縣(xian)傳統的重要出口(kou)藥材。

資源分布

2008全(quan)縣(xian)有杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3006.6萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，分布在(zai)三十五個鄉(xiang)（鎮），有九(jiu)(jiu)個鄉(xiang)（鎮）在(zai)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)以上(shang)，集中成片(pian)(pian)(pian)的區(qu)(qu)域有英(ying)萃片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)（包括(kuo)英(ying)萃、正源(yuan)、鼓城(cheng)、檬子(zi)），有杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1259.1萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)41.9%，五權片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)（包括(kuo)五權、水磨、大(da)河）有杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)373.6萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)12.4%，木門片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)（包括(kuo)木門、九(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)、化(hua)(hua)龍(long)、龍(long)建）有杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)389.2萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)12.9%，杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最多(duo)的鄉(xiang)鎮有英(ying)萃600萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)、正源(yuan)397萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)。全(quan)縣(xian)涉及杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)戶(hu)5114戶(hu)。其中10000株(zhu)以上(shang)有286戶(hu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.6%；5000-10000株(zhu)的有1013戶(hu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)19.8%，1001-5000株(zhu)的有3815戶(hu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)74.6%。全(quan)縣(xian)出現了檬子(zi)鄉(xiang)張(zhang)尚(shang)凱、化(hua)(hua)龍(long)鄉(xiang)劉枝坤等(deng)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)戶(hu)，每戶(hu)均(jun)在(zai)五萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)以上(shang)。根據(ju)單(dan)株(zhu)生物(wu)量(liang)測算，全(quan)縣(xian)干皮貯量(liang)為36630噸，枝皮24930噸，葉86670噸，每年產籽10噸。成片(pian)(pian)(pian)造林2085.6萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)株(zhu)數(shu)的69.4%，“四(si)旁(pang)”載植達921萬(wan)(wan)株(zhu)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)株(zhu)數(shu)的30.6%。

經營管理

秦巴山區(qu)(qu)(qu)的旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)資源豐富、品(pin)質(zhi)高，素有“林蔭藥鄉”之(zhi)美稱。1984年(nian)四(si)川省(sheng)中藥材生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規劃(hua)會把(ba)(ba)旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)列為(wei)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地縣。1988年(nian)四(si)川省(sheng)科委把(ba)(ba)旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)建設10萬畝(mu)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)商品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地，列為(wei)“星火計劃(hua)”項目，1996年(nian)四(si)川省(sheng)科委把(ba)(ba)旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)列為(wei)天然藥材杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化示(shi)范(fan)工程，2000年(nian)國家林業(ye)局把(ba)(ba)旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)縣命名為(wei)中國特優(you)經(jing)濟林杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)鄉。1998年(nian)，該縣被(bei)列為(wei)中國第二批高產(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)高效農(nong)業(ye)標準化杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，也是中國惟(wei)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)栽培(pei)(pei)的農(nong)業(ye)標準化示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。為(wei)此，旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)縣制(zhi)(zhi)定了(le)《旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)》、《旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)優(you)質(zhi)豐產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)》、《旺(wang)蒼(cang)(cang)(cang)杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)剝(bo)皮再生(sheng)(sheng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)》等地方(fang)標準，編(bian)寫印制(zhi)(zhi)了(le)《杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)全年(nian)管(guan)理技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)工作歷》、《杜(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)林間管(guan)理技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)》等技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)資料(liao)，舉辦(ban)各種培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)20余期，培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)人(ren)員1000余人(ren)，召開技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)現(xian)場會20次，農(nong)民受培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)面達85%以上。按照示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)項目的要求，示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)全面實施了(le)“公司+基(ji)地+農(nong)戶+標準”的標準化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理模式(shi)，建立了(le)育苗、建園、栽植、施肥澆水、整形修剪、采摘、加工等環(huan)節的一(yi)(yi)系列控制(zhi)(zhi)措施。

2000年(nian)，示(shi)范區(qu)順利通過國(guo)家驗收。同年(nian)，國(guo)家林業局命名旺(wang)蒼縣(xian)為“杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)之鄉”。到2006年(nian)，產值(zhi)過億元；開發出杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)酒、杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)茶、杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)葉(xie)粉等多(duo)種產品，不斷銷往中國(guo)各地，杜(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)茶還遠銷日本等國(guo)。