川白(bai)芷(zhi)異名:方香、香白(bai)芷(zhi)、異形(xing)當歸(gui)。為傘(san)形(xing)科植物川白(bai)芷(zhi)的根。
功效
祛風,燥(zao)濕,消腫,止痛。治頭(tou)痛,齒痛、鼻淵、寒(han)濕腹痛,帶下,癰疽(ju)瘡瘍,皮膚燥(zao)癢(yang)癬。
產(chan)新時間(jian),加(jia)工、炮制及藥材(cai)質量(liang)(liang)產(chan)新時間(jian):頭年(nian)秋(qiu)季(ji)下種(zhong)(zhong),次(ci)年(nian)夏秋(qiu)季(ji)8月間(jian)葉黃時采收。唯(wei)河北安國有在春季(ji)清明下種(zhong)(zhong)當年(nian)寒露采收者(zhe)。其質量(liang)(liang)不如秋(qiu)播者(zhe)好。 加(jia)工、炮制:挖取根(gen)(gen)部,去(qu)掉地上部分及須根(gen)(gen),冼(xian)凈泥土,曬干(gan)。杭(hang)州地區將處理干(gan)凈的白芷(zhi)放(fang)入缸內,加(jia)石灰拌勻,放(fang)置一周后,曬時要勤翻動,如遇陰雨天時可(ke)用微火烘干(gan),然后再(zai)撞去(qu)粗皮(pi)。藥材(cai)質量(liang)(liang):以(yi)獨(du)支、皮(pi)細(xi)、外表土黃色、堅硬、光滑(hua)、香氣濃者(zhe)為佳。
產地分布
白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)主產(chan)(chan)于(yu)(yu)四川,河北,河南,浙江為白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)四大歷(li)史產(chan)(chan)區。按照產(chan)(chan)區不同,又分別稱為川白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)、祁(qi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)、禹白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)、杭白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)。川白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)主產(chan)(chan)于(yu)(yu)四川遂寧、安(an)岳、南川、達縣(xian)。正常(chang)年(nian)間,全川產(chan)(chan)量4000噸,其中素有“川白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)之鄉(xiang)”的遂寧白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量約(yue)為2300—2500噸,產(chan)(chan)量最大,質量最好,被奉為地道(dao)藥材。除(chu)國內銷售外,還供出口(kou)。
價格分析
川(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全國(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)6500噸左右(包括藥(yao)用(yong)和(he)香(xiang)料)。20世紀90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),在(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟(ji)(ji)體制下,國(guo)有(you)中藥(yao)材公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)土渠道調(diao)控功能(neng)逐步(bu)(bu)弱(ruo)化(hua),中藥(yao)材市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)放開,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)逐步(bu)(bu)得(de)以(yi)強(qiang)化(hua),似一(yi)(yi)雙無(wu)形的(de)(de)(de)手(shou),成為了(le)(le)調(diao)節經濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)杠桿。白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)于受市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)影響,生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)出現(xian)(xian)盲目性(xing),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)失調(diao),市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)兒起幾落,以(yi)川(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為例:1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),川(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)僅5元(yuan)/公(gong)斤,1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)川(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)災遇較大(da)范圍的(de)(de)(de)旱災,川(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)銳減(jian),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)不足需,供(gong)不應求,供(gong)求矛盾突出,從而使川(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)上升至(zhi)8-9元(yuan),1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)達歷史最高(gao)(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)位(wei)13元(yuan)/斤,下同(tong))價(jia)(jia)(jia)位(wei)偏高(gao)(gao),藥(yao)農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)積(ji)極性(xing)空前市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)漲(zhang),白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)得(de)以(yi)迅猛發展(zhan),加(jia)之當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)風調(diao)雨順,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)火增(zeng)),白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地遂寧(ning)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)就高(gao)(gao)達4000噸,全川(chuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)6000噸,禹白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)河南(nan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)812噸,祁(qi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)河北(bei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)600噸,再加(jia)上浙江(jiang)、文敬、山東等產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang),全國(guo)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)超過(guo)8000噸,致使1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)暴跌(die)(die),從年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初的(de)(de)(de)12-13元(yuan),跌(die)(die)到(dao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)的(de)(de)(de)2元(yuan)/公(gong)斤,山于巾價(jia)(jia)(jia)大(da)滑坡,大(da)大(da)挫傷了(le)(le)藥(yao)農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)積(ji)極性(xing),致使當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)忙種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)大(da)幅減(jian)少,到(dao)1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)新(xin)(xin)時,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)僅為1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)半,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)略有(you)升幅,漲(zhang)至(zhi)3.5-3.8 元(yuan)/公(gong)斤,但(dan)國(guo)庫(ku)存(cun)(cun)過(guo)豐(feng),供(gong)求基本平衡(heng),市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)少有(you)起伏(fu),低谷(gu)徘(pai)徊(huai)近兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時間,—直(zhi)到(dao)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),隨(sui)著(zhu)庫(ku)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)逐步(bu)(bu)消耗,國(guo)家加(jia)大(da)宏觀調(diao)控力度(du),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)糧(liang)(liang)、棉、油收購價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)來增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)民(min)收入,川(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)忙搭(da)乘糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)漲(zhang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)潮,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)從產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)新(xin)(xin)前的(de)(de)(de)35元(yuan)/公(gong)斤,短短幾個(ge)月(yue)間漲(zhang)至(zhi)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)l0月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)75/公(gong)斤。但(dan)好(hao)景(jing)不長,又受東南(nan)亞金(jin)融危機(ji)影響,薊市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疲軟,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)出現(xian)(xian)下滑跡象,新(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)輪的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)運(yun)行周(zhou)期山此拉開了(le)(le)帷(wei)幕,經歷了(le)(le)1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)緩慢下滑,1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)—路(lu)狂(kuang)跌(die)(die),2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)真正跌(die)(die)入了(le)(le)谷(gu)底(di),僅27元(yuan)/公(gong)斤,主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)前些(xie)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)份,川(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)于 個(ge)較高(gao)(gao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)位(wei),農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)近利思(si)想,盲目擴大(da)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji),特(te)別是(shi)國(guo)家對(dui)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)下調(diao),種(zhong)糧(liang)(liang)遠不如種(zhong)藥(yao)強(qiang),農(nong)民(min)為求高(gao)(gao)收益,紛(fen)紛(fen)改種(zhong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),致使白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)從1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)呈逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長趨(qu)勢(shi),市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下跌(die)(die)。短期內,還出現(xian)(xian)祁(qi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、豫白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倒流到(dao)四川(chuan)成都荷花(hua)池(chi)藥(yao)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)局面(mian)(mian)。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)川(chuan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)芷(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)新(xin)(xin)時市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)觸底(di)反彈,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)步(bu)(bu)入了(le)(le)上升期。但(dan)終因庫(ku)存(cun)(cun)過(guo)豐(feng),市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)在(zai)2.8-3.5元(yuan)之間徘(pai)徊(huai)。時間的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輪邁入了(le)(le)2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),隨(sui)著(zhu)庫(ku)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)逐步(bu)(bu)消耗,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)出現(xian)(xian)轉機(ji),重新(xin)(xin)抬頭,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)(jia)從年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初的(de)(de)(de)2.7-2.8元(yuan)漲(zhang)到(dao)了(le)(le)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)4.2-4.5元(yuan)/公(gong)斤。
縱觀川白(bai)芷(zhi)近(jin)10年(nian)的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)走勢,兩(liang)起兩(liang)落(luo),呈波浪(lang)式前進發展,最(zui)高價(jia)(jia)位(wei)曾(ceng)漲至13—15元,最(zui)低市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)僅2元。根(gen)(gen)源何(he)在呢(ni)?供(gong)求關(guan)系(xi)才是市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)攀(pan)升的(de)(de)根(gen)(gen)本動力,國家宏觀政策也是影響中藥材品種價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)要因素(su),白(bai)芷(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)經(jing)歷了1992年(nian)的(de)(de)高潮(chao),1993年(nian),1994年(nian)的(de)(de)低谷再(zai)(zai)到1996年(nian)的(de)(de)高潮(chao)。為一(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場周期(qi),市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)從1998年(nian)開始(shi)下滑,2000年(nian)跌至谷低,2001年(nian)緩慢回升,按(an)照價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)周期(qi)運(yun)行規律,白(bai)芷(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)迎(ying)來了又一(yi)個上(shang)升年(nian),白(bai)芷(zhi)后市(shi)(shi)(shi)看好(hao),2002年(nian)白(bai)芷(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)價(jia)(jia)達到頂(ding)峰后,將(jiang)再(zai)(zai)次(ci)步入漫長(chang)的(de)(de)低谷期(qi)。但這些都是周期(qi)經(jing)驗,硬性的(de)(de)動向(xiang)還(huan)受多方(fang)因素(su)制(zhi)約,更需(xu)密切跟蹤(zong)。
藥理作用
體外試驗表明(ming),1:10川白芷水煎劑對(dui)(dui)大(da)腸、宋內氏痢疾、變形、傷寒(han)、副(fu)傷寒(han)、霍亂等(deng)有(you)抑制(zhi)作用。對(dui)(dui)人造(zao)結核有(you)抑制(zhi)作用。水浸(jin)液(ye)對(dui)(dui)奧杜盎氏小芽胞癬菌(jun)等(deng)致病(bing)真菌(jun)也有(you)一定的(de)抑制(zhi)作用。