內江豬(zhu)原產于四(si)川省內江縣,屬西南型豬(zhu)種,全身被毛黑色,體(ti)形較大(da),體(ti)軀(qu)寬而(er)深,前軀(qu)尤為發達。頭短寬多(duo)皺(zhou)褶,耳大(da)下垂,頸中等長,胸寬而(er)深,背腰寬廣,腹大(da)下垂,臀寬而(er)平(ping),四(si)肢堅實。內江豬(zhu)可分為早(zao)熟(shu)種飼養12個月體(ti)重(zhong)可達125千(qian)克,中熟(shu)種飼養12個月體(ti)重(zhong)可達150千(qian)克-180千(qian)克,晚熟(shu)種飼養2年體(ti)重(zhong)可長到250千(qian)克。母豬(zhu)繁(fan)殖(zhi)力較強(qiang),每胎(tai)產仔10-20頭。初(chu)生重(zhong)0.78千(qian)克。
外形特征
全身(shen)被(bei)毛(mao) 黑色,體形(xing)較(jiao)大(da),體軀寬(kuan)而深(shen),前軀尤為發達。頭短寬(kuan)多(duo)皺褶,耳大(da)下(xia)垂,頸中(zhong)等長(chang),胸寬(kuan)而深(shen),背腰(yao)寬(kuan)廣,腹大(da)下(xia)垂,臀寬(kuan)而平,四肢堅實,對炎(yan)熱(re)、寒(han)冷和海(hai)拔4000米(mi)以(yi)上的高原地區(qu)均(jun)能(neng)適應。以(yi)此(ci)豬為父本(ben)與其他地方豬雜交,雜種(zhong)后(hou)代日增重提高15%~20%。以(yi)杜洛克豬等為父本(ben),雜種(zhong)后(hou)裔(yi)的胴體瘦肉率增加,皮(pi)膚(fu)變(bian)薄,日增重也明顯提高。
產地和分布
主要產于 四(si)川省的 內(nei)江(jiang)市(shi)和內(nei)江(jiang)縣,而以(yi)內(nei)江(jiang)市(shi)東(dong)興鎮(zhen)一帶為中(zhong)心產區,歷史(shi)上曾稱“東(dong)鄉(xiang)豬(zhu)”。建國以(yi)來(lai),內(nei)江(jiang)豬(zhu)數量(liang)發展很快。
繁殖性能
據切片觀察(cha),30日(ri)齡(ling)小公豬(zhu) 睪丸的(de)(de)曲精(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)管出現(xian)(xian)初級(ji)精(jing)(jing)母細(xi)(xi)胞(bao),45日(ri)齡(ling)時(shi)出現(xian)(xian)次級(ji)精(jing)(jing)母細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)。小公豬(zhu)54日(ri)齡(ling)時(shi)有爬(pa)跨行為(wei),62日(ri)齡(ling)時(shi)在(zai)睪丸和附睪涂片中發現(xian)(xian)成熟(shu)精(jing)(jing)子(zi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)的(de)(de)公豬(zhu)一(yi)般(ban)5~6月齡(ling)、國營農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧場的(de)(de)7~8月齡(ling)時(shi)初次配(pei)種。在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun),公豬(zhu)利用年限短(duan),一(yi)般(ban)之歲前(qian)即行淘(tao)汰;在(zai)國營農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧場,多(duo)利用3~5年。
母(mu)豬于113(74~166)日齡(ling)時(shi)(shi)初(chu)次發情。農村的母(mu)豬一般6月齡(ling)、國營農牧場的8~ 10月齡(ling)時(shi)(shi)初(chu)次配(pei)種。母(mu)豬利用年(nian)限(xian)較長(chang),最適繁殖期(qi)為2~7歲。
母豬泌(mi)(mi)乳(ru)力較強(qiang)。平均日泌(mi)(mi)乳(ru)(3頭(tou))3.33公(gong)斤(jin)(jin);60天(tian)總(zong)泌(mi)(mi)乳(ru)量,初產(chan)為145.4公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),經產(chan)力186.8公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。
肥育性能
農(nong)村傳統習慣采(cai)用“吊架(jia)子(zi)”方式(shi)飼養(yang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)育豬(zhu),皆喜(xi)養(yang)大豬(zhu)。出槽(cao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)育豬(zhu)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多在 150公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左右,間有200公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以上者,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)育時(shi)間長達1.5~2年。六(liu)十(shi)年代(dai)以后,由于受收購(gou)價格影響,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)豬(zhu)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多為75~85公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。據對(dui)農(nong)村12頭肥(fei)(fei)(fei)育豬(zhu)調查,仔豬(zhu)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)從10.27公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)增至79.54公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),需(xu)309天(tian),日增重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)224克,屠宰率68.18%, 花板油比例6.31%,肉、脂、皮和(he)骨分別占(zhan)洞(dong)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的47.19%、27.4%、15.75%和(he)9.65%。
肥(fei)育豬適(shi)宜(yi)屠宰體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)營養水平(ping)(ping)和(he)飼養方式(shi)不同(tong)而有(you)(you)區別,大(da)致以90~100 公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。據(ju)試驗,在日(ri)(ri)糧中(zhong)的(de)(de)消(xiao)化能和(he)消(xiao)化粗蛋(dan)白全肥(fei)育期平(ping)(ping)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.60兆卡(ka)和(he)244 克(ke)的(de)(de)較好營養水平(ping)(ping)下(xia),體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)達90公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)時的(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)562克(ke),每(mei)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)耗(hao)(hao)混合料3.4公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),胭(yan)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)肌肉(rou)和(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)比(bi)例(li)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)38.2%和(he)38.7%。90公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以后增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)速度仍然較高,體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)達120公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)時的(de)(de)口增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)587克(ke),每(mei)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)耗(hao)(hao)混合料3.7公(gong)斤(jin)(jin), 胭(yan)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)肌肉(rou)和(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)比(bi)例(li)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)32.8%和(he)46.9%。隨(sui)著(zhu)屠宰體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia),體(ti)(ti)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)沉積和(he)每(mei)單(dan)位增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)耗(hao)(hao)料亦有(you)(you)所增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。
適應能力
內江獵(lie)對(dui)外界刺激反應(ying)遲鈍,忍受力(li)強,對(dui)逆境有(you)良好的(de)適應(ying)性。據各地引(yin)種觀(guan)察(cha),在我(wo)國(guo)炎熱的(de)南方或(huo)寒(han)冷的(de)北(bei)方,在沿海(hai)或(huo)海(hai)拔4 千(qian)米以(yi)上的(de)高原都能正(zheng)常繁(fan)殖和生長。
內(nei)江豬有(you)適(shi)應性強和雜交(jiao)配合力好等特點,是(shi)我國(guo)華北(bei)、東北(bei)、西北(bei)和西南等地區開展豬雜種優勢利用的良好親本之一,但存在(zai)屠(tu)宰(zai)率較低(di),皮較厚等缺點。