產地環境
滎經縣是四川省確認的天麻最適宜生態區,該縣種植的天麻有滎經“明麻(ma)”之(zhi)盛名。滎經縣位于四川(chuan)盆地與青藏高(gao)原過渡地帶的盆周山(shan)區,森林覆蓋率高(gao)達67%,數(shu)十(shi)種(zhong)樹木(櫟樹、化香樹、華木、野(ye)核(he)桃、櫻桃樹、楓香樹)都可用(yong)于種(zhong)植天麻(ma),680-3666米的立體海拔氣候尤為獨特。
滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)與滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷史齊名,從(cong)17世紀(清代)開始就遠銷省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)外(wai)。20世紀50-80年(nian)(nian)前計(ji)(ji)劃經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟時期,滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)被列入國(guo)(guo)家省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)外(wai)調(diao)撥計(ji)(ji)劃和(he)外(wai)貿出口(kou)計(ji)(ji)劃,并(bing)陳設(she)于(yu)灌縣(xian)都江(jiang)堰旅游商店、成(cheng)都市(shi)德(de)仁(ren)堂(tang)(tang)、北京大柵欄街德(de)仁(ren)堂(tang)(tang)旅游專(zhuan)柜銷售;廣東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新會(hui)縣(xian)藥材(cai)公(gong)司(si)以及上(shang)海市(shi)藥材(cai)公(gong)司(si)等曾(ceng)(ceng)派專(zhuan)人(ren)不(bu)辭萬里來(lai)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣(xian)要(yao)求(qiu)調(diao)供(gong)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma),以供(gong)遠洋客輪和(he)外(wai)賓需要(yao)。由(you)于(yu)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)供(gong)外(wai)貿出口(kou),為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家贏得外(wai)匯收入,因而滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣(xian)曾(ceng)(ceng)連續兩年(nian)(nian)獲得四川省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)醫藥系統經(jing)(jing)(jing)營管理一等獎(jiang);2002年(nian)(nian),滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)獲“中國(guo)(guo)西部(bu)博覽會(hui)名優農產品獎(jiang)”。
品質特征
滎經(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)肥大(da)堅實(shi),橢圓形(xing),略扁,長3-9CM,寬1.5-6CM,厚(hou)0.5-2CM,頂端(duan)(duan)有(you)紅(hong)粽色(se)或紅(hong)色(se)芽苞(bao),俗稱鸚哥嘴(zui)。底端(duan)(duan)有(you)圓臍形(xing)的疤痕(hen),表面(mian)黃白色(se)至(zhi)淡(dan)黃棕色(se),有(you)縱皺紋及(ji)由(you)潛伏(fu)芽排列而成(cheng)的橫環紋多輪,有(you)時可見棕褐色(se)菌索。質堅硬,斷面(mian)細密,角(jiao)質樣,呈半透(tou)明。氣微,味甘。滎經(jing)民謠(yao)“鸚哥嘴(zui),紅(hong)撻帽,荷(he)苞(bao)形(xing),玉(yu)帶纏腰,細皮嫩肉半透(tou)明”形(xing)象概述了滎經(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)的典型特征(zheng),并且滎經(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)的主要(yao)藥用成(cheng)分天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)素(su)也較(jiao)其他產(chan)區高。
生產情況
2007年(nian),滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)縣(xian)在(zai)新建(jian)(jian)等(deng)鄉建(jian)(jian)立120平方(fang)米(mi)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)栽培(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)示(shi)范點。2009年(nian),制訂(ding)了(le)《滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)縣(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)扶(fu)持(chi)(chi)辦法(fa)》,明(ming)確規(gui)定(ding)了(le)中(zhong)藥材扶(fu)持(chi)(chi)標(biao)準為:天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)成(cheng)片種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)在(zai)1畝(mu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de),一(yi)(yi)次性按每畝(mu)1萬元(yuan)給予補助。政策性引領極大地(di)(di)(di)提高了(le)農(nong)民種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植積(ji)極性。堅持(chi)(chi)“相對集中(zhong)、合(he)(he)理布(bu)局(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze),搞好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)布(bu)局(ju)規(gui)劃,有(you)(you)計(ji)劃地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)全(quan)縣(xian)范圍(wei)內建(jian)(jian)立一(yi)(yi)批有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)(di)(di),逐步(bu)實(shi)現仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)(de)區域化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、集約(yue)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、特色(se)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。加強了(le)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)服務。首先是要(yao)用野生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境來(lai)保(bao)證(zheng)質(zhi)量。野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)均嚴格(ge)按照野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長環(huan)(huan)境來(lai)選址,基(ji)本符合(he)(he)氣(qi)候、土壤、溫濕度、水質(zhi)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列要(yao)求。其次是用技(ji)(ji)術(shu)保(bao)證(zheng)質(zhi)量。積(ji)極探索天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩(liang)菌(jun)培(pei)(pei)育(yu),成(cheng)功(gong)突破了(le)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)難關,掌握了(le)一(yi)(yi)整(zheng)套適合(he)(he)當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)栽培(pei)(pei)、管理技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。通過開展(zhan)集中(zhong)培(pei)(pei)訓、深入現場指導的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式培(pei)(pei)訓45期、人(ren)員8000余人(ren)次,使多數(shu)群(qun)眾掌握了(le)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。推(tui)廣了(le)規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)營(ying)。該(gai)縣(xian)堅持(chi)(chi)適度規(gui)模(mo)和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)營(ying)方(fang)向,經(jing)過幾年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),到(dao)2010年(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)達到(dao)420畝(mu),產(chan)(chan)值達4158萬元(yuan)。到(dao)2011年(nian),7個連片20畝(mu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)已全(quan)面建(jian)(jian)成(cheng),2011年(nian)當年(nian)建(jian)(jian)1個30畝(mu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)示(shi)范園,逐步(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)仿(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)帶。組(zu)建(jian)(jian)了(le)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)鑫泰天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)、滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)“相嶺”天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she)2個專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)(she),推(tui)行“產(chan)(chan)、供、銷(xiao)”一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈。做好(hao)了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)礎(chu)工(gong)作(zuo)。自主研(yan)究密(mi)環(huan)(huan)菌(jun)、萌(meng)發(fa)菌(jun)和天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)交雜粉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了(le)粉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)43畝(mu)、1個年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力(li)在(zai)60萬瓶(ping)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),可(ke)供種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)近1000畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)環(huan)(huan)菌(jun)和萌(meng)發(fa)菌(jun)場。實(shi)施品牌(pai)戰略。在(zai)2010年(nian)申(shen)請并批準為國家地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)志農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang),2011年(nian)還(huan)申(shen)報注冊“相嶺牌(pai)”、“滎(ying)(ying)山牌(pai)”天(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)商標(biao),”努力(li)打造特色(se)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品品牌(pai)。
地理標志
產地范圍
四川(chuan)省滎(ying)經(jing)縣新(xin)建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)廟鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、泗坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈士鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滎(ying)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民(min)建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、花灘(tan)鎮、安(an)靖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈太鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、六合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)添(tian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天風鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寶峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大田壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍蒼(cang)溝(gou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、煙竹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五憲鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、附城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、嚴道(dao)鎮等21個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮的所以行(xing)政村。地理坐標為東經(jing)102°20′00″~102°56′00″,北緯29°29′00″~29°56′00″。