產地環境
滎經縣是四川省確認的天麻最適宜生態區,該縣種植的天麻有滎經“明(ming)麻”之盛名。滎經縣位于(yu)(yu)四(si)川盆(pen)地與青藏高(gao)原過(guo)渡地帶的盆(pen)周山(shan)區,森林覆(fu)蓋率高(gao)達67%,數(shu)十種樹(shu)木(mu)(櫟樹(shu)、化香樹(shu)、華木(mu)、野核(he)桃、櫻(ying)桃樹(shu)、楓香樹(shu))都可(ke)用于(yu)(yu)種植天麻,680-3666米(mi)的立體海拔氣候(hou)尤為獨特。
滎(ying)經(jing)天(tian)麻與滎(ying)經(jing)歷史齊名(ming),從17世紀(ji)(ji)(清代(dai))開始就遠(yuan)銷(xiao)省內外(wai)。20世紀(ji)(ji)50-80年前計劃(hua)經(jing)濟時期,滎(ying)經(jing)天(tian)麻被(bei)列入(ru)國家(jia)省內外(wai)調撥計劃(hua)和(he)外(wai)貿出(chu)口(kou)(kou)計劃(hua),并陳設于灌縣都江堰(yan)旅游(you)商(shang)店、成都市德仁(ren)堂、北(bei)京大柵欄街(jie)德仁(ren)堂旅游(you)專柜銷(xiao)售(shou);廣東省新會縣藥材(cai)公司以及上海市藥材(cai)公司等曾派專人不辭萬里來滎(ying)經(jing)縣要求調供(gong)滎(ying)經(jing)天(tian)麻,以供(gong)遠(yuan)洋(yang)客輪和(he)外(wai)賓需要。由于滎(ying)經(jing)天(tian)麻供(gong)外(wai)貿出(chu)口(kou)(kou),為國家(jia)贏得外(wai)匯收入(ru),因而(er)滎(ying)經(jing)縣曾連續兩(liang)年獲得四川省醫藥系統經(jing)營管理一等獎;2002年,滎(ying)經(jing)天(tian)麻獲“中(zhong)國西(xi)部博覽會名(ming)優農產品(pin)獎”。
品質特征
滎經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)肥大(da)堅(jian)實(shi),橢圓形(xing),略扁,長(chang)3-9CM,寬(kuan)1.5-6CM,厚0.5-2CM,頂端有(you)(you)紅粽色(se)或紅色(se)芽(ya)苞(bao),俗稱鸚哥(ge)嘴(zui)。底端有(you)(you)圓臍形(xing)的(de)疤痕,表面黃白(bai)色(se)至淡黃棕(zong)色(se),有(you)(you)縱皺紋及由潛伏芽(ya)排列而成的(de)橫環(huan)紋多(duo)輪,有(you)(you)時可見棕(zong)褐色(se)菌(jun)索。質(zhi)堅(jian)硬,斷(duan)面細密(mi),角質(zhi)樣,呈(cheng)半透明。氣微,味甘。滎經(jing)(jing)民謠“鸚哥(ge)嘴(zui),紅撻帽(mao),荷苞(bao)形(xing),玉帶纏腰,細皮嫩肉半透明”形(xing)象(xiang)概述(shu)了滎經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)的(de)典型(xing)特(te)征,并且滎經(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)的(de)主要藥用成分天麻(ma)素(su)也較其他產區高。
生產情況
2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)縣(xian)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)建等(deng)鄉建立120平(ping)方米天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)示(shi)范點。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),制訂了(le)(le)《滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)縣(xian)農業(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)扶持(chi)辦法》,明確規定了(le)(le)中藥材扶持(chi)標準(zhun)為:天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)成片(pian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積在(zai)(zai)1畝以上的(de)(de),一(yi)次(ci)性按每(mei)畝1萬元(yuan)給予(yu)補助。政策性引領極(ji)大地(di)(di)提高(gao)了(le)(le)農民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積極(ji)性。堅持(chi)“相(xiang)對集(ji)中、合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)布局”的(de)(de)原則,搞好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)布局規劃,有計劃地(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)全縣(xian)范圍內建立一(yi)批有一(yi)定規模的(de)(de)仿(fang)(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di),逐(zhu)步實現仿(fang)(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)區域化(hua)(hua)、專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)、集(ji)約化(hua)(hua)、特(te)色化(hua)(hua)。加強了(le)(le)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)服務。首先(xian)是要用(yong)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)環境來保證質量。野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)育基(ji)地(di)(di)均嚴(yan)格(ge)按照野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環境來選址,基(ji)本(ben)符合(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)候(hou)、土壤、溫(wen)濕度、水質等(deng)一(yi)系列要求。其(qi)次(ci)是用(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)保證質量。積極(ji)探索天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩菌培(pei)(pei)育,成功突(tu)破了(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)難關,掌握了(le)(le)一(yi)整套適(shi)合(he)(he)(he)當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)、管理(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。通過開(kai)展集(ji)中培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)、深入現場指導(dao)的(de)(de)方式培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)(xun)45期、人員8000余人次(ci),使多數(shu)群眾掌握了(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。推廣了(le)(le)規模化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)營。該(gai)縣(xian)堅持(chi)適(shi)度規模和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)營方向,經(jing)(jing)過幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)發展,到(dao)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全縣(xian)仿(fang)(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積達到(dao)420畝,產(chan)(chan)值達4158萬元(yuan)。到(dao)2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),7個連片(pian)20畝以上種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)已全面建成,2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建1個30畝以上的(de)(de)標準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示(shi)范園,逐(zhu)步形成仿(fang)(fang)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)育產(chan)(chan)業(ye)帶(dai)。組建了(le)(le)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)鑫泰(tai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)、滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)“相(xiang)嶺”天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she)2個專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)社(she),推行“產(chan)(chan)、供(gong)、銷”一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈。做好(hao)了(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。自主研究密(mi)環菌、萌發菌和天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)交雜(za)粉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。建成了(le)(le)粉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)43畝、1個年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)力在(zai)(zai)60萬瓶以上,可供(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)近1000畝的(de)(de)密(mi)環菌和萌發菌場。實施品(pin)牌戰(zhan)略。在(zai)(zai)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)申請(qing)并批準(zhun)為國家地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上,2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)還申報注冊“相(xiang)嶺牌”、“滎(ying)(ying)山牌”天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)商標,”努力打造(zao)特(te)色農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)牌。
地理標志
產地范圍
四川省滎經(jing)縣(xian)新建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新廟鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、泗(si)坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈士鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滎河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民(min)建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、花(hua)灘鎮、安靖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈太鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、六合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新添鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天風鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寶峰(feng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大田壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍蒼溝(gou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、煙竹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五憲鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、附(fu)城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、嚴道鎮等21個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮的(de)所以行政村。地理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)102°20′00″~102°56′00″,北緯(wei)29°29′00″~29°56′00″。