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產地環境

滎經縣是四川省確認的天麻最適宜生態區，該縣種植的天麻有滎經“明麻(ma)”之盛名(ming)。滎經縣位于(yu)四(si)川盆地(di)(di)與青藏高原過渡地(di)(di)帶的(de)(de)盆周(zhou)山區，森林覆蓋率高達67%，數十種樹(shu)(shu)木（櫟樹(shu)(shu)、化(hua)香樹(shu)(shu)、華(hua)木、野核(he)桃、櫻桃樹(shu)(shu)、楓香樹(shu)(shu)）都(dou)可用于(yu)種植天麻(ma)，680-3666米的(de)(de)立體海拔氣候尤為(wei)獨特。

滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)(ma)與(yu)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷史齊名，從(cong)17世(shi)紀（清(qing)代）開始就遠(yuan)銷省(sheng)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)。20世(shi)紀50-80年前計劃(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟時期，滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)(ma)被列入(ru)(ru)國(guo)家(jia)省(sheng)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)調撥計劃(hua)(hua)和外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)出口(kou)計劃(hua)(hua)，并陳設于灌(guan)縣都江堰旅游商店(dian)、成都市德(de)仁堂、北(bei)京大(da)柵(zha)欄街德(de)仁堂旅游專柜(ju)銷售；廣東省(sheng)新會縣藥材公(gong)司以(yi)及上海市藥材公(gong)司等(deng)曾(ceng)派(pai)專人不辭萬里來滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣要求調供滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)(ma)，以(yi)供遠(yuan)洋客輪和外(wai)(wai)賓需要。由于滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)(ma)供外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)出口(kou)，為國(guo)家(jia)贏得(de)外(wai)(wai)匯收(shou)入(ru)(ru)，因而滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣曾(ceng)連續(xu)兩(liang)年獲(huo)得(de)四川(chuan)省(sheng)醫藥系統(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)管(guan)理一等(deng)獎；2002年，滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天麻(ma)(ma)獲(huo)“中國(guo)西(xi)部博覽會名優農產(chan)品獎”。

品質特征

滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)肥大堅實，橢(tuo)圓形(xing)，略(lve)扁，長3-9CM，寬(kuan)1.5-6CM，厚(hou)0.5-2CM，頂端有紅(hong)(hong)粽色(se)或(huo)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)芽(ya)苞，俗(su)稱鸚哥(ge)嘴。底(di)端有圓臍形(xing)的(de)疤痕，表面(mian)黃白色(se)至淡黃棕色(se)，有縱皺(zhou)紋及由(you)潛(qian)伏芽(ya)排列而成的(de)橫環(huan)紋多輪，有時可見(jian)棕褐色(se)菌索。質堅硬，斷面(mian)細(xi)密，角質樣(yang)，呈半(ban)透明。氣微，味甘。滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)民謠“鸚哥(ge)嘴，紅(hong)(hong)撻帽，荷苞形(xing)，玉帶纏腰，細(xi)皮嫩肉半(ban)透明”形(xing)象概述了滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)的(de)典型特征，并(bing)且滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)天(tian)麻(ma)的(de)主要藥用(yong)成分(fen)天(tian)麻(ma)素(su)也較(jiao)其他(ta)產區高。

生產情況

2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)，滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)縣(xian)在新建(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)120平方米天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)示(shi)范點(dian)。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)，制訂了(le)《滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)縣(xian)農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)扶(fu)持辦(ban)法》，明確規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)中藥材扶(fu)持標(biao)(biao)(biao)準為(wei)：天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)片種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)在1畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)以上(shang)的(de)(de)，一(yi)次(ci)(ci)性按每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1萬元(yuan)給予補助。政策性引領極(ji)大地(di)(di)提高了(le)農(nong)民種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)極(ji)性。堅持“相對集(ji)中、合(he)(he)(he)理布(bu)局(ju)”的(de)(de)原則，搞好生(sheng)產(chan)布(bu)局(ju)規(gui)(gui)劃，有計(ji)劃地(di)(di)在全縣(xian)范圍內建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)一(yi)批有一(yi)定(ding)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)，逐步(bu)實(shi)(shi)現仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)區域化(hua)(hua)(hua)、專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、集(ji)約化(hua)(hua)(hua)、特(te)(te)色化(hua)(hua)(hua)。加強了(le)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)服務。首先是要用野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)的(de)(de)環境來保(bao)證質(zhi)量。野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)基(ji)地(di)(di)均嚴格按照(zhao)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長環境來選址(zhi)，基(ji)本(ben)符合(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)候(hou)、土(tu)壤、溫濕度(du)(du)、水質(zhi)等(deng)一(yi)系列要求(qiu)。其(qi)次(ci)(ci)是用技(ji)術(shu)(shu)保(bao)證質(zhi)量。積(ji)極(ji)探索天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩菌培(pei)育(yu)(yu)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功突破了(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)難關，掌(zhang)握了(le)一(yi)整套適合(he)(he)(he)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)、管(guan)理技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。通過開展(zhan)集(ji)中培(pei)訓、深(shen)入現場指導的(de)(de)方式培(pei)訓45期(qi)、人(ren)員8000余人(ren)次(ci)(ci)，使多數群眾掌(zhang)握了(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。推(tui)廣(guang)了(le)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)營(ying)。該(gai)縣(xian)堅持適度(du)(du)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)和(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)營(ying)方向(xiang)，經(jing)過幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，到(dao)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全縣(xian)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)達(da)到(dao)420畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，產(chan)值達(da)4158萬元(yuan)。到(dao)2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)，7個連片20畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)以上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)已全面建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)1個30畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)以上(shang)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)(hua)示(shi)范園，逐步(bu)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)產(chan)業(ye)帶。組建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)鑫泰天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)、滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)“相嶺(ling)”天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)2個專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)社(she)，推(tui)行“產(chan)、供(gong)、銷”一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)鏈。做好了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)礎工作(zuo)。自主研(yan)究(jiu)密(mi)環菌、萌發(fa)菌和(he)(he)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)交雜粉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)粉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)43畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、1個年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)產(chan)能力在60萬瓶以上(shang)，可供(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)近1000畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)密(mi)環菌和(he)(he)萌發(fa)菌場。實(shi)(shi)施品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)戰略。在2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)申(shen)請(qing)并批準為(wei)國家地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)還(huan)申(shen)報注冊“相嶺(ling)牌(pai)”、“滎(ying)(ying)山牌(pai)”天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)商標(biao)(biao)(biao)，”努力打造(zao)特(te)(te)色農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)。

地理標志

產地范圍

四川省滎(ying)(ying)經縣新建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三(san)合(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新廟(miao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、泗坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈士鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滎(ying)(ying)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、花灘鎮(zhen)、安(an)靖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈太(tai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、六(liu)合(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新添鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天風鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寶峰鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大田壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍(long)蒼溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、煙(yan)竹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青龍(long)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五憲(xian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、附城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、嚴(yan)道(dao)鎮(zhen)等21個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)的所以(yi)行政村。地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經102°20′00″～102°56′00″，北(bei)緯29°29′00″～29°56′00″。