產地環境
滎經縣是四川省確認的天麻最適宜生態區,該縣種植的天麻有滎經(jing)“明(ming)麻”之(zhi)盛名。滎經(jing)縣位于四川(chuan)盆地與青藏高(gao)原過渡地帶的盆周山區,森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率高(gao)達67%,數十種樹木(櫟(li)樹、化香(xiang)樹、華木、野核桃(tao)、櫻桃(tao)樹、楓香(xiang)樹)都可用(yong)于種植天麻,680-3666米的立體海拔(ba)氣候尤為獨特。
滎(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)天麻(ma)與(yu)滎(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)歷史(shi)齊名(ming),從(cong)17世紀(清代)開始就遠銷省內外。20世紀50-80年前計(ji)劃經(jing)濟時期,滎(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)天麻(ma)被列(lie)入國家(jia)(jia)省內外調撥計(ji)劃和外貿出口計(ji)劃,并陳設于灌(guan)縣(xian)都(dou)(dou)江(jiang)堰(yan)旅游商店、成(cheng)都(dou)(dou)市德仁堂(tang)、北京(jing)大(da)柵欄(lan)街德仁堂(tang)旅游專柜(ju)銷售;廣東省新會縣(xian)藥材(cai)公司以及(ji)上海市藥材(cai)公司等曾派(pai)專人不辭萬里(li)來滎(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)縣(xian)要(yao)求調供滎(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)天麻(ma),以供遠洋客輪和外賓需要(yao)。由于滎(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)天麻(ma)供外貿出口,為國家(jia)(jia)贏得(de)外匯收(shou)入,因而滎(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)縣(xian)曾連續兩年獲(huo)得(de)四川省醫藥系統經(jing)營(ying)管理(li)一等獎(jiang);2002年,滎(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)經(jing)天麻(ma)獲(huo)“中國西(xi)部(bu)博覽會名(ming)優農產品獎(jiang)”。
品質特征
滎(ying)經天(tian)麻肥大(da)堅(jian)實,橢圓形,略扁,長3-9CM,寬1.5-6CM,厚0.5-2CM,頂端(duan)(duan)有(you)紅(hong)粽(zong)色或紅(hong)色芽苞,俗稱鸚哥嘴。底端(duan)(duan)有(you)圓臍形的疤痕,表面(mian)黃白色至淡(dan)黃棕(zong)色,有(you)縱皺(zhou)紋及由(you)潛(qian)伏(fu)芽排列而(er)成的橫環紋多輪,有(you)時可見棕(zong)褐色菌索。質(zhi)堅(jian)硬,斷面(mian)細(xi)密,角質(zhi)樣,呈半透明(ming)(ming)。氣微(wei),味甘。滎(ying)經民(min)謠“鸚哥嘴,紅(hong)撻(ta)帽,荷苞形,玉帶纏腰,細(xi)皮嫩肉(rou)半透明(ming)(ming)”形象概(gai)述(shu)了滎(ying)經天(tian)麻的典型特征,并且滎(ying)經天(tian)麻的主要藥用成分天(tian)麻素也較(jiao)其他產(chan)區高(gao)。
生產情況
2007年(nian),滎經(jing)縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)等(deng)鄉建(jian)(jian)立(li)120平方(fang)(fang)米天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)示(shi)范點。2009年(nian),制(zhi)訂了(le)(le)《滎經(jing)縣(xian)(xian)農業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)扶持(chi)(chi)辦法》,明確規(gui)定了(le)(le)中(zhong)藥材扶持(chi)(chi)標(biao)準(zhun)為:天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)成(cheng)片種(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)1畝以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de),一次性(xing)按(an)每畝1萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)給(gei)予(yu)補(bu)助。政策性(xing)引領極大(da)地(di)提高了(le)(le)農民種(zhong)植積(ji)極性(xing)。堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)“相(xiang)(xiang)對集中(zhong)、合(he)理布局”的(de)(de)原則,搞(gao)好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)布局規(gui)劃(hua)(hua),有計劃(hua)(hua)地(di)在(zai)(zai)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)范圍內建(jian)(jian)立(li)一批(pi)有一定規(gui)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植基地(di),逐步(bu)實(shi)現仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植的(de)(de)區域(yu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、集約化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、特色化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。加(jia)強了(le)(le)技(ji)術(shu)服務(wu)。首先是要(yao)用(yong)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境來保證質量。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)育基地(di)均(jun)嚴格(ge)按(an)照野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環(huan)(huan)境來選址,基本(ben)符合(he)氣候、土壤、溫濕度、水(shui)質等(deng)一系列(lie)要(yao)求。其次是用(yong)技(ji)術(shu)保證質量。積(ji)極探(tan)索天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)育種(zhong)、兩(liang)菌(jun)(jun)培(pei)育,成(cheng)功突破了(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)植的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)難關,掌握了(le)(le)一整套適合(he)當地(di)的(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)、管理技(ji)術(shu)。通過開展(zhan)集中(zhong)培(pei)訓、深(shen)入現場(chang)指導的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式培(pei)訓45期、人員8000余人次,使多數群眾掌握了(le)(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植技(ji)術(shu)。推(tui)廣了(le)(le)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)營(ying)。該縣(xian)(xian)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)適度規(gui)模(mo)(mo)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)營(ying)方(fang)(fang)向,經(jing)過幾(ji)年(nian)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan),到2010年(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)達到420畝,產(chan)值達4158萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)。到2011年(nian),7個連片20畝以(yi)(yi)上種(zhong)植基地(di)已全(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng),2011年(nian)當年(nian)建(jian)(jian)1個30畝以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)示(shi)范園,逐步(bu)形成(cheng)仿(fang)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)育產(chan)業(ye)(ye)帶(dai)。組建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)滎經(jing)鑫泰天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社、滎經(jing)“相(xiang)(xiang)嶺”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社2個專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社,推(tui)行“產(chan)、供(gong)、銷”一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈。做好了(le)(le)種(zhong)植基礎工作(zuo)(zuo)。自(zi)主研究密(mi)環(huan)(huan)菌(jun)(jun)、萌發(fa)菌(jun)(jun)和(he)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)交雜粉(fen)種(zhong)。建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)粉(fen)種(zhong)43畝、1個年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力(li)在(zai)(zai)60萬(wan)瓶以(yi)(yi)上,可(ke)供(gong)種(zhong)植天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)近(jin)1000畝的(de)(de)密(mi)環(huan)(huan)菌(jun)(jun)和(he)萌發(fa)菌(jun)(jun)場(chang)。實(shi)施品(pin)牌戰略。在(zai)(zai)2010年(nian)申請并批(pi)準(zhun)為國家地(di)理標(biao)志農產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)基礎上,2011年(nian)還(huan)申報注冊(ce)“相(xiang)(xiang)嶺牌”、“滎山牌”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)商標(biao),”努力(li)打造特色農產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)牌。
地理標志
產地范圍
四川省(sheng)滎經(jing)縣新建(jian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新廟(miao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、泗(si)坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈士鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滎河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民建(jian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、花(hua)灘鎮、安靖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈太(tai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、六合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新添鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天風鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寶峰(feng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大田壩(ba)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍蒼溝(gou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、煙竹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青(qing)龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五憲(xian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、附城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、嚴道(dao)鎮等21個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮的所以(yi)行政村(cun)。地理坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經(jing)102°20′00″~102°56′00″,北(bei)緯(wei)29°29′00″~29°56′00″。