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產地環境

滎經縣是四川省確認的天麻最適宜生態區，該縣種植的天麻有滎經“明(ming)麻”之盛名。滎經縣(xian)位于四川盆(pen)地(di)(di)與青藏高原過渡地(di)(di)帶的盆(pen)周山(shan)區(qu)，森林覆蓋率(lv)高達67%，數十種(zhong)樹(shu)木(mu)（櫟樹(shu)、化香(xiang)樹(shu)、華木(mu)、野核桃(tao)、櫻(ying)桃(tao)樹(shu)、楓香(xiang)樹(shu)）都可用于種(zhong)植天麻，680-3666米的立體海拔氣候尤(you)為獨特。

滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻與滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷史齊名(ming)，從17世紀（清代）開始就(jiu)遠銷省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)。20世紀50-80年(nian)前(qian)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟時期，滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻被列入國家省(sheng)(sheng)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)調(diao)撥計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)和外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)出口(kou)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)，并陳設于灌縣都(dou)江堰旅(lv)(lv)游商店、成都(dou)市(shi)德(de)仁(ren)堂(tang)、北京大柵欄(lan)街德(de)仁(ren)堂(tang)旅(lv)(lv)游專柜銷售；廣(guang)東省(sheng)(sheng)新會(hui)縣藥(yao)材公司(si)以及上海市(shi)藥(yao)材公司(si)等曾派(pai)專人不辭(ci)萬里來滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣要(yao)求調(diao)供滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻，以供遠洋客輪和外(wai)(wai)賓(bin)需要(yao)。由于滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻供外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)出口(kou)，為國家贏得外(wai)(wai)匯收入，因而滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣曾連續(xu)兩年(nian)獲得四(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)醫(yi)藥(yao)系統(tong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)管理一等獎(jiang)；2002年(nian)，滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)天(tian)(tian)麻獲“中國西(xi)部博覽會(hui)名(ming)優農產(chan)品獎(jiang)”。

品質特征

滎經(jing)天麻(ma)肥大堅(jian)實，橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形，略扁(bian)，長3-9CM，寬1.5-6CM，厚0.5-2CM，頂(ding)端(duan)有(you)紅粽色(se)或紅色(se)芽(ya)苞(bao)，俗(su)稱鸚(ying)哥嘴。底端(duan)有(you)圓(yuan)(yuan)臍形的疤痕，表面黃白色(se)至淡黃棕色(se)，有(you)縱皺紋及由(you)潛(qian)伏芽(ya)排列而成的橫環(huan)紋多輪，有(you)時可見棕褐色(se)菌索。質堅(jian)硬，斷面細密，角質樣，呈(cheng)半透明(ming)。氣(qi)微，味甘(gan)。滎經(jing)民謠“鸚(ying)哥嘴，紅撻帽，荷(he)苞(bao)形，玉帶纏腰，細皮嫩肉半透明(ming)”形象概述了滎經(jing)天麻(ma)的典型特征，并且滎經(jing)天麻(ma)的主要(yao)藥用成分(fen)天麻(ma)素(su)也較(jiao)其他(ta)產區高。

生產情況

2007年(nian)，滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)建(jian)等鄉(xiang)建(jian)立120平方(fang)米天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)術(shu)示范(fan)點(dian)。2009年(nian)，制訂了(le)《滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化扶持辦法(fa)》，明確規定了(le)中藥材(cai)扶持標(biao)準(zhun)為：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)成(cheng)片種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)(zai)1畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)，一次性(xing)按每畝(mu)(mu)1萬(wan)(wan)元給(gei)予補(bu)助。政(zheng)策性(xing)引(yin)領極大(da)地(di)提高(gao)了(le)農(nong)民種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)積(ji)極性(xing)。堅(jian)(jian)持“相對集中、合(he)理布(bu)局”的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，搞好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)布(bu)局規劃，有計(ji)劃地(di)在(zai)(zai)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)范(fan)圍內建(jian)立一批(pi)有一定規模的(de)(de)(de)仿野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)，逐步實現仿野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)區域化、專(zhuan)業(ye)化、集約化、特(te)色化。加強(qiang)了(le)技(ji)術(shu)服務。首先是要(yao)用(yong)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)來保證(zheng)質(zhi)量(liang)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育基(ji)地(di)均(jun)嚴(yan)格(ge)按照野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環境(jing)來選(xuan)址(zhi)，基(ji)本(ben)符(fu)合(he)氣候、土壤、溫濕(shi)度(du)、水(shui)質(zhi)等一系(xi)列要(yao)求。其(qi)次是用(yong)技(ji)術(shu)保證(zheng)質(zhi)量(liang)。積(ji)極探索天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)育種(zhong)(zhong)、兩菌(jun)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育，成(cheng)功突破了(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)仿野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)難關(guan)，掌(zhang)握了(le)一整(zheng)套適合(he)當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)、管理技(ji)術(shu)。通過開(kai)展集中培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓、深入現場指導的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓45期、人員(yuan)8000余(yu)人次，使(shi)多(duo)數群眾掌(zhang)握了(le)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)。推廣了(le)規模化經(jing)(jing)(jing)營。該縣(xian)(xian)堅(jian)(jian)持適度(du)規模和產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化經(jing)(jing)(jing)營方(fang)向，經(jing)(jing)(jing)過幾(ji)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，到2010年(nian)，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)仿野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達到420畝(mu)(mu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達4158萬(wan)(wan)元。到2011年(nian)，7個(ge)(ge)連片20畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)地(di)已全(quan)面(mian)建(jian)成(cheng)，2011年(nian)當年(nian)建(jian)1個(ge)(ge)30畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)化示范(fan)園，逐步形成(cheng)仿野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)培(pei)(pei)(pei)育產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)帶。組建(jian)了(le)滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)鑫泰天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)作社、滎(ying)(ying)經(jing)(jing)(jing)“相嶺(ling)”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)合(he)作社2個(ge)(ge)專(zhuan)業(ye)合(he)作社，推行“產(chan)(chan)(chan)、供、銷”一體化的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈。做好了(le)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu)工作。自主研究(jiu)密環菌(jun)、萌發(fa)菌(jun)和天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)交(jiao)雜粉種(zhong)(zhong)。建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)粉種(zhong)(zhong)43畝(mu)(mu)、1個(ge)(ge)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力在(zai)(zai)60萬(wan)(wan)瓶以(yi)上(shang)，可供種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)近1000畝(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)密環菌(jun)和萌發(fa)菌(jun)場。實施品(pin)牌戰略。在(zai)(zai)2010年(nian)申請并批(pi)準(zhun)為國家地(di)理標(biao)志農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，2011年(nian)還(huan)申報注冊“相嶺(ling)牌”、“滎(ying)(ying)山(shan)牌”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)商標(biao)，”努力打造(zao)特(te)色農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)牌。

地理標志

產地范圍

四川省(sheng)滎經縣(xian)新建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新廟鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、泗坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈士鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滎河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、民建鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、花灘鎮、安靖(jing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、烈太鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、六合鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新添鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、天風鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寶峰(feng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大田(tian)壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、龍(long)蒼溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、煙竹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青(qing)龍(long)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五憲鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、附城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、嚴道鎮等21個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮的所(suo)以行政村。地(di)理坐(zuo)標為東經102°20′00″～102°56′00″，北緯29°29′00″～29°56′00″。