形態特征
南(nan)江(jiang)杜仲(zhong),中藥(yao)材品種,四川省南(nan)江(jiang)縣特產(chan)。南(nan)江(jiang)杜仲(zhong)是(shi)一種落(luo)葉喬(qiao)木(mu),高(gao)(gao)可達20米,主要(yao)以樹皮入藥(yao)。南(nan)江(jiang)杜仲(zhong)塊大、皮厚、粗(cu)皮少、有效成分含(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao),獲得(de)了市場的廣泛認可。
分布范圍
南江杜(du)仲主要分(fen)布在中國四川省南江縣。
主要價值
南江杜(du)仲具(ju)有抗衰老、調(diao)節血壓(ya)功能,還具(ju)有降血脂(zhi)、降血糖、潤(run)腸(chang)通便、減肥、美容(rong)、增強免疫力、抗疲勞、補腎壯陽和護肝醒酒(jiu)等作用(yong)。美國哈佛大學胡秀英教授(shou)甚至認為,“杜(du)仲是目前(qian)世界(jie)上最高質量的無毒副(fu)作用(yong)的天然降壓(ya)藥物(wu)”。
種植歷史
南江(jiang)人(ren)民(min)世代栽種杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),對杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)懷(huai)有(you)特殊(shu)的(de)感情(qing),并逐漸掌握(wo)了(le)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)生(sheng)長規律和藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)特點。他們在房前(qian)屋后大量種植杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)僅因為(wei)它可(ke)以綠化(hua)家園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、美化(hua)環(huan)境,更(geng)因為(wei)它具(ju)有(you)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)價值、可(ke)帶來(lai)(lai)經濟收益(yi)(yi)和社(she)會效益(yi)(yi)。他們采用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)態環(huan)剝采收方式,對杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行環(huan)狀剝皮,做到剝皮而不(bu)毀樹,提高了(le)單位面積產量,提高了(le)資源可(ke)利用(yong)(yong)率。隨(sui)著統籌城鄉、連片扶貧開發的(de)整體推進,他們依托光霧山(shan)“4A”級重點風(feng)景(jing)名(ming)勝區、米倉山(shan)國家森林公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等國字號旅游(you)品牌,把建杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地和開發農(nong)村(cun)(cun)旅游(you)結(jie)合起來(lai)(lai),大力發展(zhan)生(sheng)態觀(guan)(guan)光杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),走(zou)出了(le)一條生(sheng)態、環(huan)保(bao)的(de)開發發展(zhan)之路。每(mei)年的(de)“光霧山(shan)紅葉節”期間 ,人(ren)們常(chang)圍坐在一起,做杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)湯(tang)、品杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)茶、吃杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宴、唱《杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)謠》······純樸的(de)山(shan)鄉民(min)俗,讓城里的(de)客(ke)人(ren)贊不(bu)絕口。吸引了(le)上萬游(you)客(ke)來(lai)(lai)觀(guan)(guan)光。呈(cheng)現了(le)一幅(fu)具(ju)有(you)南江(jiang)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)民(min)情(qing)風(feng)俗的(de)鄉村(cun)(cun)美景(jing)畫。
產業發展
國務院、四(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)、巴中(zhong)市(shi)人民政府(fu)相繼出臺(tai)了(le)《關(guan)于扶持和(he)(he)促進中(zhong)醫藥專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)若(ruo)干意見》(國發(fa)(fa)〔2009〕22號)、《四(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)加快中(zhong)藥產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展實(shi)(shi)施意見》(川辦發(fa)(fa)〔2008〕6號)和(he)(he)《巴中(zhong)市(shi)中(zhong)藥材(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)十二五發(fa)(fa)展規(gui)劃》等(deng)政策文(wen)件,為(wei)中(zhong)藥材(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)健康發(fa)(fa)展提供了(le)強大動力(li)和(he)(he)政策支撐。南(nan)(nan)江縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)人民政府(fu)認真貫徹(che)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)國家(jia)、省(sheng)(sheng)市(shi)重大決策部署,充分利用南(nan)(nan)江自(zi)然生態資源和(he)(he)中(zhong)藥歷史文(wen)化,大力(li)調整中(zhong)藥種(zhong)植、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)加工結構,重點(dian)發(fa)(fa)展杜仲、厚樸、淫羊藿等(deng)特色優勢中(zhong)藥,加快構建(jian)具有南(nan)(nan)江地域(yu)特色的(de)現代(dai)中(zhong)藥產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),取(qu)得了(le)顯著成效,引進了(le)全市(shi)唯一一家(jia)以(yi)中(zhong)藥種(zhong)植、收貯、切片(pian)、包裝(zhuang)為(wei)主的(de)重點(dian)龍(long)(long)頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)——四(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)百草中(zhong)藥材(cai)(cai)公司。全縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)“龍(long)(long)頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)+基地+標準(zhun)化+農(nong)戶”模式,種(zhong)植杜仲10萬畝、600多萬株,2011年(nian),全縣(xian)(xian)杜仲干皮貯量7100噸(dun),枝皮13860噸(dun),年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)葉13980噸(dun),產(chan)(chan)(chan)籽(zi)2噸(dun)。“十二五”期間,全縣(xian)(xian)將建(jian)成2個杜仲現代(dai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區、 20萬畝標準(zhun)化種(zhong)植基地,杜仲產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)將成為(wei)南(nan)(nan)江農(nong)村經濟的(de)重要支柱。