產品介紹
越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣是(shi)(shi)(shi)古南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)絲綢(chou)之路要塞,遠在(zai)“大(da)禹治水(shui)(shui)”的(de)年(nian)代,越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)九州之一(yi)(yi)(yi)梁州的(de)地域。北周天和(he)三(san)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)568年(nian))置(zhi)邛(qiong)(qiong)部縣,至隋唐、宋為(wei)(wei)邛(qiong)(qiong)部川(chuan),元(yuan)為(wei)(wei)邛(qiong)(qiong)部州,明為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲衛,清為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲廳。民國(guo)初(chu)(chu)改為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲縣,1959年(nian)經(jing)國(guo)務(wu)院批(pi)準(zhun)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲縣更名為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣。越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)(li)史久(jiu)遠,且(qie)歷(li)(li)來(lai)(lai)作為(wei)(wei)進(jin)(jin)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之物(wu)(wu),《漢書》記載(zai):“漢武帝平(ping)定(ding)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)夷,命邛(qiong)(qiong)、笮(ze)君長皆來(lai)(lai)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)獻。邛(qiong)(qiong)、笮(ze)候(hou)即(ji)以(yi)(yi)土產(chan)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)紅(hong)為(wei)(wei)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”,《后(hou)漢書·公(gong)孫述傳》、清初(chu)(chu)顧祖(zu)禹《讀(du)史方(fang)(fang)輿(yu)紀(ji)要》、《元(yuan)志》、《涼山(shan)(shan)志》、《宋史?本紀(ji)第五(wu)》、《巴蜀史志?古代民族(zu)》等(deng)都一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)記載(zai)了越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地區所產(chan)花椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)遠近知名的(de)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)品(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)與漢族(zu)地區進(jin)(jin)行(xing)商品(pin)(pin)交換(huan)的(de)重要物(wu)(wu)資。其(qi)中,《元(yuan)志》、《涼山(shan)(shan)志》、《宋史?本紀(ji)第五(wu)》記載(zai)花椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)邛(qiong)(qiong)部川(chuan)進(jin)(jin)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)北宋太祖(zu)、太宗的(de)土物(wu)(wu),可(ke)見(jian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)花椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)距今(jin)已有1000多年(nian)。 越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)屬南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)絲綢(chou)之路正路花椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),又叫背娃娃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、子母(mu)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),因其(qi)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粒(li)上(shang)(shang)并蒂附生一(yi)(yi)(yi)至二(er)(er)粒(li)未(wei)受精發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)育的(de)小紅(hong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),尤如子母(mu)連(lian)蒂而(er)得(de)名,俗稱“娃娃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)特(te)(te)有品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),其(qi)果實油重粒(li)大(da)、芳香(xiang)濃郁、色澤(ze)紅(hong)潤、香(xiang)麻可(ke)口、麻味(wei)純正的(de)獨特(te)(te)風味(wei)享(xiang)譽川(chuan)內外,久(jiu)負盛名,是(shi)(shi)(shi)川(chuan)味(wei)正宗調料(liao)佳品(pin)(pin)。1979年(nian),越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)廣州博覽會(hui)上(shang)(shang)脫穎而(er)出,一(yi)(yi)(yi)舉(ju)奪得(de)同(tong)類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)評比第一(yi)(yi)(yi)名。2006年(nian)四(si)(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)第二(er)(er)屆冬季旅游(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)大(da)會(hui)涼山(shan)(shan)特(te)(te)色綠色農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)展(zhan)(zhan)會(hui)上(shang)(shang),越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)獲優質(zhi)獎(jiang)。 越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣各民族(zu)的(de)飲(yin)(yin)食習(xi)慣、特(te)(te)色美食都與芳香(xiang)濃郁、麻味(wei)純正的(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分不開(kai)。越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)地彝族(zu)接待客人(ren)時(shi),拌(ban)砣砣肉、煮酸菜(cai)湯、烤(kao)羊排、烤(kao)牛(niu)排、烤(kao)乳(ru)豬(zhu)、烤(kao)魚(yu)等(deng)必不可(ke)少的(de)調味(wei)佳品(pin)(pin);越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)香(xiang)、麻也是(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)川(chuan)飲(yin)(yin)食風味(wei)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)特(te)(te)色,為(wei)(wei)廚師所廣泛應用。“質(zhi)優、味(wei)醇、色鮮”的(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)首選饋贈佳品(pin)(pin)。 同(tong)時(shi),越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)地彝族(zu)敬神祭祀的(de)用品(pin)(pin)。每(mei)年(nian)農業(ye)(ye)三(san)月底(di),農作物(wu)(wu)播種(zhong)完(wan)(wan)時(shi),越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)彝族(zu)都要用花椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)和(he)蒜水(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi),請“畢摩”( 念經(jing)的(de)祭師)祈(qi)禱,并灑在(zai)自家住房(fang)和(he)畜圈內外,表示一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)已開(kai)始,用花椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)和(he)蒜水(shui)(shui)驅趕騷擾他(ta)們(men)家的(de)魔鬼和(he)疾病,祈(qi)求(qiu)家人(ren)幸(xing)福安康,家畜興旺發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達,五(wu)谷(gu)豐(feng)收。 經(jing)上(shang)(shang)千年(nian)積淀,越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)得(de)到了消費者的(de)認可(ke)和(he)青睞,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠銷(xiao)省(sheng)內外,市(shi)(shi)場價高出同(tong)類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)5至10元(yuan)。近年(nian)來(lai)(lai),每(mei)當(dang)花椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)熟時(shi)節(jie),外地客商紛至而(er)來(lai)(lai)甚是(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)鬧(nao)。今(jin)年(nian),越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)每(mei)公(gong)斤市(shi)(shi)場價達90元(yuan)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)曉江農特(te)(te)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)司對特(te)(te)級產(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝后(hou)每(mei)公(gong)斤售(shou)價高達480元(yuan) ,供不應求(qiu),形成(cheng)了強烈(lie)的(de)竟爭優勢(shi)。 目前,越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)值占全(quan)縣全(quan)年(nian)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)總產(chan)值的(de)15%,越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣委、縣政府(fu)已將花椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)列(lie)入(ru)了當(dang)地“六大(da)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)”發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)之一(yi)(yi)(yi),2010年(nian)與四(si)(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)學研究(jiu)院共(gong)同(tong)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了《越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》,計劃(hua)2011年(nian)—2020年(nian)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)20萬畝貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基地。
自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素
越西縣(xian)主(zhu)要地(di)貌以中高山和(he)少量(liang)(liang)溝(gou)谷平壩為主(zhu),山地(di)面(mian)積(ji)占90%以上,地(di)勢(shi)南(nan)(nan)高北(bei)低,由(you)南(nan)(nan)向北(bei)傾(qing)斜,境(jing)內(nei)海拔差(cha)(cha)較大,大約為1000-2000米。產地(di)土壤(rang)質(zhi)地(di)疏松,輕壤(rang)至(zhi)沙壤(rang),土壤(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)平均為 1.8 %, pH值6-7.5,酸堿適中,適應花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)生長(chang)。境(jing)內(nei)水(shui)源豐富,水(shui)質(zhi)良好。越西縣(xian)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)屬康定(ding)雅江暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)與西昌巴塘(tang)亞熱帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)的過渡帶(dai),以北(bei)亞熱帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)為主(zhu),具(ju)有氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)涼爽,雨量(liang)(liang)充沛,干雨季分(fen)明,年(nian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)小,日溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)大,立體垂直氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)特征明顯等特點。年(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為11.3-13.3℃,≥10℃的年(nian)有效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)達(da)3915.7-3200℃,平均年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)1017-1113mm,主(zhu)要集中在(zai)6-10月(yue),日照(zhao)時間長(chang),年(nian)日照(zhao)時數達(da)1612.9-1860小時,無霜期225-248天,特別是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)穩定(ding)通過5℃的初日在(zai)于2月(yue)下旬(xun),春(chun)季氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)回升快,引起椒(jiao)(jiao)樹開花(hua)早(zao),椒(jiao)(jiao)果成(cheng)熟快,7中旬(xun)至(zhi)8月(yue)上旬(xun)就可采收。
地域范圍
越(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)縣位(wei)于四川省西(xi)(xi)南(nan)部,涼山(shan)州北部,地處青藏高(gao)原東緣(yuan),屬大(da)涼山(shan)山(shan)系。越(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)貢(gong)椒農產品地理標志(zhi)地域保護范圍為越(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)縣境內(nei)34個鄉鎮(zhen)所屬的(de)229個行政自然村,海(hai)拔幅度1200—2600米,地理位(wei)置(zhi)北緯28°20′-28°53′,東經102°24′-102°44′之間。保護面積2.26萬公頃。
品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征(zheng):越西貢椒食(shi)用部位為(wei)干(gan)燥果(guo)(guo)皮(pi),其鮮(xian)果(guo)(guo)為(wei)球形(xing),縫合線(xian)明顯,果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)鮮(xian)紅色,皮(pi)色艷(yan)麗有光澤,油胞較大,椒粒基部常駢(pian)生一至二粒未受精(jing)發育的小紅椒。干(gan)果(guo)(guo)顏色紫紅至暗紅色,香味濃郁、麻味純正。
(2)內在品質指(zhi)標(biao):越(yue)西(xi)貢椒揮發油≥4.0%、酰胺(an)類(lei)物質≥24mg/g。
(3)安全要求:符合NY 5323-2006《無公害(hai)食(shi)品 香(xiang)辛料》標準要求。