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產品介紹

越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)古(gu)南(nan)方絲(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)路要塞，遠(yuan)在(zai)“大禹治水(shui)”的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)即是(shi)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)梁州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域。北周天和(he)(he)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)568年(nian)(nian)(nian)）置邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)部縣(xian)(xian)，至(zhi)隋(sui)唐、宋為邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)部川(chuan)(chuan)，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)部州(zhou)(zhou)，明為越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)(sui)衛，清為越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)(sui)廳。民(min)國初改為越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)(sui)縣(xian)(xian)，1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)經(jing)國務院批準越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲(sui)(sui)縣(xian)(xian)更(geng)名(ming)為越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)。越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史久遠(yuan)，且歷來作(zuo)為進(jin)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，《漢(han)書》記(ji)載：“漢(han)武(wu)帝平定西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)夷，命邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)、笮君長皆來貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)獻。邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)、笮候即以土產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)紅(hong)為貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，《后漢(han)書·公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)述傳》、清初顧祖禹《讀史方輿紀(ji)要》、《元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)志(zhi)》、《涼(liang)(liang)山志(zhi)》、《宋史?本(ben)紀(ji)第(di)五(wu)》、《巴蜀史志(zhi)?古(gu)代民(min)族》等都一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)記(ji)載了(le)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)所(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)遠(yuan)近知(zhi)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)品(pin)(pin)以及與(yu)(yu)漢(han)族地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)進(jin)行商(shang)品(pin)(pin)交換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)重要物(wu)(wu)資(zi)。其中，《元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)志(zhi)》、《涼(liang)(liang)山志(zhi)》、《宋史?本(ben)紀(ji)第(di)五(wu)》記(ji)載花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)部川(chuan)(chuan)進(jin)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)北宋太(tai)祖、太(tai)宗的(de)(de)(de)土物(wu)(wu)，可(ke)見越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)種(zhong)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)距今已有1000多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。 越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)屬南(nan)方絲(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)路正(zheng)(zheng)路花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，又叫背娃娃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、子母椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，因其椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粒上(shang)并蒂附生一(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)二粒未受精(jing)發(fa)育的(de)(de)(de)小紅(hong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，尤如子母連(lian)蒂而得名(ming)，俗稱“娃娃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”，是(shi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)特有品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，其果(guo)實油重粒大、芳(fang)香(xiang)濃郁、色(se)澤紅(hong)潤、香(xiang)麻可(ke)口、麻味純正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)獨特風(feng)味享譽(yu)川(chuan)(chuan)內(nei)(nei)外，久負盛名(ming)，是(shi)川(chuan)(chuan)味正(zheng)(zheng)宗調料佳品(pin)(pin)。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)廣州(zhou)(zhou)博(bo)覽會上(shang)脫穎而出(chu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)舉奪得同類產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量評比第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)四川(chuan)(chuan)省第(di)二屆(jie)冬(dong)季(ji)旅游發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)大會涼(liang)(liang)山特色(se)綠(lv)色(se)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)會上(shang)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)獲優(you)質獎(jiang)。 越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)各民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)習慣、特色(se)美(mei)食(shi)(shi)都與(yu)(yu)芳(fang)香(xiang)濃郁、麻味純正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分不開(kai)。越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)當(dang)地(di)(di)彝(yi)族接待客人時(shi)(shi)，拌砣砣肉、煮酸菜湯、烤羊排、烤牛排、烤乳豬、烤魚等必不可(ke)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)調味佳品(pin)(pin)；越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)、麻也(ye)是(shi)四川(chuan)(chuan)飲(yin)食(shi)(shi)風(feng)味的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大特色(se)，為廚師(shi)所(suo)廣泛應(ying)用。“質優(you)、味醇、色(se)鮮(xian)”的(de)(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)為首選(xuan)饋贈佳品(pin)(pin)。 同時(shi)(shi)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)還是(shi)當(dang)地(di)(di)彝(yi)族敬神祭(ji)祀的(de)(de)(de)用品(pin)(pin)。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)農業(ye)三月底(di)，農作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)播種(zhong)完時(shi)(shi)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)彝(yi)族都要用花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)和(he)(he)蒜(suan)水(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)，請“畢(bi)摩”（ 念經(jing)的(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)師(shi)）祈(qi)禱，并灑(sa)在(zai)自(zi)家住房和(he)(he)畜(chu)圈內(nei)(nei)外，表示一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)已開(kai)始，用花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)和(he)(he)蒜(suan)水(shui)驅(qu)趕騷擾(rao)他們家的(de)(de)(de)魔鬼和(he)(he)疾病(bing)，祈(qi)求(qiu)家人幸(xing)福安康，家畜(chu)興旺(wang)發(fa)達(da)，五(wu)谷(gu)豐收。 經(jing)上(shang)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)積(ji)淀(dian)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)得到(dao)了(le)消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)認可(ke)和(he)(he)青睞，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠(yuan)銷(xiao)省內(nei)(nei)外，市場(chang)價高出(chu)同類產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)5至(zhi)10元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，每當(dang)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)熟時(shi)(shi)節，外地(di)(di)客商(shang)紛至(zhi)而來甚是(shi)熱鬧。今年(nian)(nian)(nian)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)每公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)市場(chang)價達(da)90元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以上(shang)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)曉江農特產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)(gong)司對特級產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝后每公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)售價高達(da)480元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan) ，供(gong)不應(ying)求(qiu)，形成(cheng)了(le)強烈的(de)(de)(de)竟爭優(you)勢。 目前(qian)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)林業(ye)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值的(de)(de)(de)15%，越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府已將花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)列入了(le)當(dang)地(di)(di)“六大產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)”發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)與(yu)(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)省林業(ye)科(ke)學研究院共(gong)同完成(cheng)了(le)《越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規劃(hua)》，計劃(hua)2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)—2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)規劃(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)20萬畝貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基地(di)(di)。

自然生態環境(jing)和人文(wen)歷史因素(su)

越(yue)西縣主(zhu)要(yao)地(di)貌以中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)山和少量(liang)(liang)溝(gou)谷平(ping)壩為(wei)主(zhu)，山地(di)面積(ji)(ji)占(zhan)90%以上，地(di)勢南高(gao)北(bei)(bei)低，由南向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)傾斜(xie)，境內海拔差(cha)(cha)較大，大約為(wei)1000-2000米。產(chan)地(di)土壤質地(di)疏松，輕壤至沙(sha)壤，土壤有(you)機質含量(liang)(liang)平(ping)均為(wei) 1.8 %， pH值6-7.5，酸(suan)堿(jian)適中(zhong)(zhong)，適應花椒(jiao)生長(chang)。境內水源豐富，水質良好。越(yue)西縣氣候屬康定雅江暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶與西昌巴塘亞(ya)熱帶氣候的過渡帶，以北(bei)(bei)亞(ya)熱帶氣候為(wei)主(zhu)，具有(you)氣候涼(liang)爽(shuang)，雨量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛，干雨季(ji)分明，年溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)小，日溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)大，立體垂(chui)直氣候特(te)征明顯等特(te)點。年均氣溫(wen)為(wei)11.3-13.3℃，≥10℃的年有(you)效積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)達(da)3915.7-3200℃，平(ping)均年降水量(liang)(liang)1017-1113mm，主(zhu)要(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)在6-10月(yue)，日照(zhao)時間長(chang)，年日照(zhao)時數達(da)1612.9-1860小時，無霜期(qi)225-248天，特(te)別是氣溫(wen)穩定通過5℃的初日在于(yu)2月(yue)下旬，春季(ji)氣溫(wen)回升快(kuai)，引(yin)起椒(jiao)樹開花早，椒(jiao)果(guo)成熟快(kuai)，7中(zhong)(zhong)旬至8月(yue)上旬就可采收。

地域范圍

越(yue)西縣(xian)位于四川(chuan)省西南部，涼山州北(bei)部，地(di)(di)處青藏高原東緣(yuan)，屬(shu)大涼山山系。越(yue)西貢椒農產品地(di)(di)理(li)標志地(di)(di)域保護范(fan)圍為越(yue)西縣(xian)境內34個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)所(suo)屬(shu)的229個(ge)行(xing)政自然村，海拔(ba)幅度(du)1200—2600米(mi)，地(di)(di)理(li)位置北(bei)緯(wei)28°20′-28°53′，東經(jing)102°24′-102°44′之(zhi)間。保護面積2.26萬公頃。

品質特性特征

（1）外在(zai)感(gan)官(guan)特征(zheng)：越西貢椒(jiao)食用部(bu)位(wei)為干燥果(guo)皮，其鮮(xian)果(guo)為球形(xing)，縫合線(xian)明顯(xian)，果(guo)皮鮮(xian)紅(hong)色，皮色艷(yan)麗(li)有光澤，油胞較大，椒(jiao)粒基部(bu)常駢生一(yi)至二粒未受精發(fa)育的小紅(hong)椒(jiao)。干果(guo)顏色紫紅(hong)至暗紅(hong)色，香味(wei)濃(nong)郁、麻味(wei)純正。 

（2）內在(zai)品質指標：越西貢(gong)椒揮發(fa)油(you)≥4.0%、酰胺類物質≥24mg/g。 

（3）安全要(yao)求：符(fu)合NY 5323-2006《無公害食品 香(xiang)辛(xin)料(liao)》標準要(yao)求。