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產品介紹

越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)古(gu)南(nan)方絲綢之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)要(yao)塞(sai)，遠在“大(da)(da)禹治水(shui)(shui)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)即是(shi)九州之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)梁州的(de)(de)(de)(de)地域。北周(zhou)天和三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)568年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）置邛部縣(xian)(xian)，至(zhi)隋唐(tang)、宋為(wei)(wei)邛部川(chuan)(chuan)，元(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)邛部州，明為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲衛，清為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲廳。民(min)(min)國初改為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲縣(xian)(xian)，1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)經國務院批準越(yue)(yue)(yue)嶲縣(xian)(xian)更名為(wei)(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)。越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)植歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)久遠，且歷來(lai)(lai)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)進貢(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，《漢書(shu)》記載：“漢武帝平定西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)夷，命邛、笮君長(chang)皆來(lai)(lai)貢(gong)(gong)獻。邛、笮候即以土產(chan)(chan)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)紅為(wei)(wei)貢(gong)(gong)”，《后(hou)漢書(shu)·公(gong)(gong)孫述傳》、清初顧祖禹《讀史(shi)(shi)(shi)方輿(yu)紀要(yao)》、《元(yuan)(yuan)志》、《涼(liang)山志》、《宋史(shi)(shi)(shi)?本(ben)紀第(di)(di)五》、《巴蜀史(shi)(shi)(shi)志?古(gu)代(dai)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)》等(deng)(deng)都一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)記載了越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地區(qu)所產(chan)(chan)花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)遠近知(zhi)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢(gong)(gong)品(pin)(pin)以及與(yu)漢族(zu)(zu)地區(qu)進行商(shang)品(pin)(pin)交換的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)物(wu)資(zi)。其(qi)中，《元(yuan)(yuan)志》、《涼(liang)山志》、《宋史(shi)(shi)(shi)?本(ben)紀第(di)(di)五》記載花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)邛部川(chuan)(chuan)進貢(gong)(gong)北宋太(tai)(tai)祖、太(tai)(tai)宗的(de)(de)(de)(de)土物(wu)，可(ke)見越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)種(zhong)植花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)距(ju)今已(yi)有(you)1000多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)屬南(nan)方絲綢之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)正(zheng)路(lu)(lu)花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，又叫(jiao)背娃娃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、子母椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，因(yin)其(qi)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粒(li)上(shang)并蒂附生一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)二粒(li)未受精發(fa)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)小紅椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，尤如子母連蒂而得(de)(de)(de)名，俗稱“娃娃椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”，是(shi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)有(you)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，其(qi)果實油重粒(li)大(da)(da)、芳香(xiang)濃郁、色(se)澤(ze)紅潤、香(xiang)麻(ma)可(ke)口(kou)、麻(ma)味(wei)(wei)純正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)風味(wei)(wei)享譽川(chuan)(chuan)內外(wai)，久負盛名，是(shi)川(chuan)(chuan)味(wei)(wei)正(zheng)宗調料佳(jia)品(pin)(pin)。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在廣州博覽會(hui)(hui)上(shang)脫穎而出，一(yi)(yi)舉奪得(de)(de)(de)同類產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量評比第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)名。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)第(di)(di)二屆(jie)冬季旅游發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)涼(liang)山特(te)色(se)綠色(se)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)展(zhan)(zhan)會(hui)(hui)上(shang)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)獲優質(zhi)獎。 越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)各民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飲(yin)食習慣、特(te)色(se)美食都與(yu)芳香(xiang)濃郁、麻(ma)味(wei)(wei)純正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)不(bu)(bu)開。越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)當地彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)接待客(ke)(ke)人時(shi)(shi)，拌砣砣肉(rou)、煮酸(suan)菜(cai)湯、烤(kao)羊排、烤(kao)牛排、烤(kao)乳豬、烤(kao)魚等(deng)(deng)必不(bu)(bu)可(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)調味(wei)(wei)佳(jia)品(pin)(pin)；越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)、麻(ma)也是(shi)四川(chuan)(chuan)飲(yin)食風味(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)特(te)色(se)，為(wei)(wei)廚師(shi)所廣泛應用。“質(zhi)優、味(wei)(wei)醇(chun)、色(se)鮮”的(de)(de)(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)首選(xuan)饋贈(zeng)佳(jia)品(pin)(pin)。 同時(shi)(shi)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)還是(shi)當地彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)敬神祭(ji)祀的(de)(de)(de)(de)用品(pin)(pin)。每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)三月底，農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)播種(zhong)完時(shi)(shi)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)都要(yao)用花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)和蒜水(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)起，請“畢摩”（ 念經的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)師(shi)）祈禱，并灑在自(zi)家住房和畜(chu)圈(quan)內外(wai)，表示(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)已(yi)開始，用花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)和蒜水(shui)(shui)驅趕騷擾他們家的(de)(de)(de)(de)魔鬼和疾病，祈求家人幸福安康，家畜(chu)興旺發(fa)達(da)，五谷豐收。 經上(shang)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)積淀，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)得(de)(de)(de)到了消費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)認可(ke)和青睞，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠銷(xiao)省(sheng)(sheng)內外(wai)，市場(chang)價高出同類產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)5至(zhi)10元(yuan)(yuan)。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)，每(mei)當花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成(cheng)熟時(shi)(shi)節，外(wai)地客(ke)(ke)商(shang)紛(fen)至(zhi)而來(lai)(lai)甚是(shi)熱鬧。今年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)斤市場(chang)價達(da)90元(yuan)(yuan)以上(shang)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)曉江農(nong)特(te)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)公(gong)(gong)司對(dui)特(te)級產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝后(hou)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)斤售價高達(da)480元(yuan)(yuan) ，供不(bu)(bu)應求，形成(cheng)了強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)竟爭優勢。 目前，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)占(zhan)全縣(xian)(xian)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)總產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)15%，越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府已(yi)將花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生產(chan)(chan)列(lie)入了當地“六大(da)(da)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)”發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)與(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)科學(xue)研究院共(gong)同完成(cheng)了《越(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃》，計劃2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)—2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)規劃發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)20萬畝貢(gong)(gong)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)基地。

自然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素(su)

越西縣主(zhu)要地貌以中(zhong)高山和少量(liang)溝(gou)谷平壩為(wei)主(zhu)，山地面積(ji)占90%以上，地勢南高北低，由南向北傾斜，境(jing)內海拔差較大，大約為(wei)1000-2000米。產地土(tu)壤(rang)質地疏松，輕壤(rang)至(zhi)沙壤(rang)，土(tu)壤(rang)有機質含量(liang)平均為(wei) 1.8 %， pH值6-7.5，酸(suan)堿(jian)適中(zhong)，適應花椒(jiao)生長。境(jing)內水(shui)源豐(feng)富(fu)，水(shui)質良(liang)好。越西縣氣(qi)(qi)候屬(shu)康(kang)定雅江暖溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)與(yu)西昌巴塘亞熱帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)候的(de)過(guo)渡帶(dai)，以北亞熱帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)候為(wei)主(zhu)，具有氣(qi)(qi)候涼爽(shuang)，雨量(liang)充沛，干雨季分明，年溫(wen)(wen)差小(xiao)，日(ri)溫(wen)(wen)差大，立體垂直氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)(te)征明顯等特(te)(te)點。年均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)11.3-13.3℃，≥10℃的(de)年有效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)達3915.7-3200℃，平均年降水(shui)量(liang)1017-1113mm，主(zhu)要集中(zhong)在6-10月，日(ri)照時間長，年日(ri)照時數達1612.9-1860小(xiao)時，無(wu)霜期225-248天(tian)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)穩定通(tong)過(guo)5℃的(de)初日(ri)在于2月下旬，春季氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)回(hui)升快，引(yin)起椒(jiao)樹開花早，椒(jiao)果成熟(shu)快，7中(zhong)旬至(zhi)8月上旬就(jiu)可采收。

地域范圍

越(yue)西縣(xian)位于(yu)四(si)川(chuan)省西南部，涼山州北部，地(di)處青藏高原東(dong)緣，屬大涼山山系。越(yue)西貢椒農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)域保護(hu)范(fan)圍為越(yue)西縣(xian)境內(nei)34個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)所屬的229個行政(zheng)自然村，海拔幅度(du)1200—2600米，地(di)理(li)位置北緯28°20′-28°53′，東(dong)經102°24′-102°44′之間。保護(hu)面積2.26萬公頃。

品質特性特征

（1）外在感官特征：越西貢椒食用部(bu)(bu)位為(wei)干(gan)燥果(guo)皮(pi)，其鮮果(guo)為(wei)球形，縫合(he)線明顯，果(guo)皮(pi)鮮紅(hong)色，皮(pi)色艷麗有光澤，油胞(bao)較大(da)，椒粒基部(bu)(bu)常駢生一(yi)至(zhi)二粒未受精發育(yu)的小紅(hong)椒。干(gan)果(guo)顏色紫紅(hong)至(zhi)暗紅(hong)色，香味濃郁、麻味純(chun)正(zheng)。 

（2）內在品質指標(biao)：越西貢椒揮發油(you)≥4.0%、酰胺類(lei)物質≥24mg/g。 

（3）安(an)全要求：符合(he)NY 5323-2006《無公害(hai)食品 香(xiang)辛料》標(biao)準要求。