形態特征
喬木(mu),高可達15米(mi)(mi),多具(ju)(ju)(ju)有圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)冠和(he)短(duan)(duan)主(zhu)干(gan);小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)短(duan)(duan)而粗(cu),圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),幼(you)(you)嫩(nen)時密(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),老枝(zhi)紫褐色(se),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);冬芽卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端鈍,密(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉片橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至寬(kuan)(kuan)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)4.5-10厘米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)3-5.5厘米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端急尖(jian)(jian),基(ji)部寬(kuan)(kuan)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鈍鋸齒,幼(you)(you)嫩(nen)時兩(liang)面具(ju)(ju)(ju)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)成后上面無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);葉柄粗(cu)壯,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約1.5-3厘米(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);托葉草(cao)質,披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端漸(jian)尖(jian)(jian),全(quan)(quan)緣(yuan),密(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),早落(luo)。傘房花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,具(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)3-7朵(duo),集生(sheng)于小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)頂(ding)端,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)1-2.5厘米(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);苞(bao)(bao)片膜質,線狀披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端漸(jian)尖(jian)(jian),全(quan)(quan)緣(yuan),被(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)直(zhi)徑(jing)3-4厘米(mi)(mi);萼(e)筒外(wai)面密(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);萼(e)片三(san)角披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或三(san)角卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-8毫米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端漸(jian)尖(jian)(jian),全(quan)(quan)緣(yuan),內外(wai)兩(liang)面均密(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),萼(e)片比萼(e)筒長(chang)(chang)(chang);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣倒(dao)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)15-18毫米(mi)(mi),基(ji)部具(ju)(ju)(ju)短(duan)(duan)爪(zhua),白(bai)色(se),含苞(bao)(bao)未放(fang)時帶粉紅色(se);雄蕊20,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲長(chang)(chang)(chang)短(duan)(duan)不(bu)齊(qi),約等于花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣之半;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)5,下半部密(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)灰(hui)白(bai)色(se)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),較雄蕊稍(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。果(guo)實扁(bian)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)徑(jing)在2厘米(mi)(mi)以上,先(xian)端常有隆起(qi),萼(e)洼下陷,萼(e)片永存,果(guo)梗短(duan)(duan)粗(cu)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)5月,果(guo)期(qi)7-10月。
生長環境
鹽(yan)(yan)源蘋(pin)果(guo)主產區均在(zai)海拔2300米―2600米之間的盆地(di)內,具有多日(ri)(ri)照、半干(gan)旱(han)的冷(leng)涼高地(di)氣候特征,具有四季分明、年溫差(cha)小(xiao)、日(ri)(ri)溫差(cha)大、全年無霜期長、冬春干(gan)旱(han)、夏秋雨量集(ji)中以(yi)及雨熱(re)同季、日(ri)(ri)照充足(zu)的立體氣候特征。2010年9月,經國家(jia)質檢(jian)總(zong)局審(shen)查(cha),決定對“鹽(yan)(yan)源蘋(pin)果(guo)”進行國家(jia)地(di)理(li)標志產品(pin)保(bao)護。
分布范圍
鹽源蘋果地理(li)標志產(chan)品保護(hu)產(chan)地范圍為四川省鹽源縣鹽井鎮(zhen)、衛城鎮(zhen)、雙河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、干海鄉(xiang)(xiang)、下海鄉(xiang)(xiang)、梅雨鎮(zhen)、白烏鎮(zhen)、大河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、棉椏鄉(xiang)(xiang)等9個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)所轄行政區域。
所獲榮譽
“鹽源蘋果”不(bu)但在(zai)國(guo)內享有盛(sheng)譽,而且(qie)遠銷港澳、東南亞等地區,很受歡迎。
1977年,在香港(gang)市場,鹽源(yuan)“三紅(hong)”(紅(hong)星、紅(hong)冠、紅(hong)元(yuan)帥(shuai)),首次(ci)以它(ta)獨特的風姿韻味令外(wai)商一飽(bao)口(kou)福,竟使一向(xiang)走紅(hong)的美國“蛇果”牌蘋(pin)果受到冷落。
1982年,在北(bei)京農業展覽館的(de)展廳里,鹽(yan)源“金冠”蘋(pin)果(guo)光彩奪(duo)目一壓瓊芳,贏得了“中國的(de)米丘林”的(de)高度(du)贊(zan)揚。
1984年(nian),天津,在中國農墾(ken)系統品種更(geng)新協作(zuo)第(di)二屆年(nian)會(hui)上,鹽源蘋(pin)果經過專家們的(de)嚴格(ge)評審打(da)分,“金冠”蘋(pin)果再次奪得色系第(di)一名。“紅(hong)(hong)星”、“紅(hong)(hong)冠”、“紅(hong)(hong)元帥”躋身紅(hong)(hong)色系冠軍、亞軍、殿(dian)軍。
專用標志
鹽(yan)源蘋果(guo)地(di)理標(biao)志產品保護(hu)產地(di)范(fan)圍(wei)內的(de)生產者,可(ke)向四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省鹽(yan)源縣質(zhi)量(liang)技術監督(du)(du)局(ju)提出使用“地(di)理標(biao)志產品專用標(biao)志”的(de)申請,經四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省質(zhi)量(liang)技術監督(du)(du)局(ju)審(shen)核(he),由國(guo)家質(zhi)檢總局(ju)公告批準。鹽(yan)源蘋果(guo)的(de)法定(ding)檢測機構(gou)由四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省質(zhi)量(liang)技術監督(du)(du)局(ju)負責(ze)指定(ding)。
質量特色
1.感官特色:
(1)富(fu)(fu)士系列(lie):果(guo)(guo)實(shi)長(chang)圓(yuan)形,果(guo)(guo)面濃(nong)紅(hong)或鮮紅(hong),色相片紅(hong)或條紅(hong)色。早熟富(fu)(fu)士系品種(紅(hong)將軍等),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)著色≥80%;紅(hong)富(fu)(fu)士,果(guo)(guo)實(shi)著色≥80%。果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)黃白色,肉(rou)質細,致密(mi),松脆,汁液(ye)多,風味獨特。
(2)金冠系(xi)列:果實圓錐形,果面黃色、綠黃色(部(bu)分陽面帶紅暈),果肉(rou)(rou)黃白色,肉(rou)(rou)質細,致(zhi)密,松脆,汁液多,酸甜適中。
2.理化指標:
(1)富(fu)士(shi)系列:紅將軍可溶(rong)性固(gu)形物(wu)≥12.5%,總(zong)酸≤0.4%,硬(ying)度≥9kg/平(ping)方厘米,果實≥150克;紅富(fu)士(shi)可溶(rong)性固(gu)形物(wu)≥15%,總(zong)酸≤0.33%,硬(ying)度≥9kg/ cm2,果實≥150克。
(2)金冠系列:可溶性固形物≥12%,總酸≤0.4%, 7硬(ying)度(du)≥7.2kg/ 平(ping)方厘米,果(guo)實≥140克。
3.安(an)全要(yao)求:產品安(an)全指標必須達(da)到(dao)國(guo)家對(dui)同(tong)類產品的相關規定。