大(da)(da)(da)悟(wu)花(hua)生,湖北(bei)省大(da)(da)(da)悟(wu)縣特(te)產,中國國家地(di)理標志產品。大(da)(da)(da)悟(wu)花(hua)生莢果(guo)形狀為(wei)普通形或斧頭(tou)形,果(guo)殼薄,網紋清(qing)晰(xi),粒(li)小、籽實飽滿(man);種(zhong)仁(ren)形狀為(wei)橢圓形,種(zhong)皮顏色粉(fen)紅色,大(da)(da)(da)小均(jun)勻;口感具有香(xiang)、酥、脆(cui)、甜。大(da)(da)(da)悟(wu)花(hua)生蛋白質含量(liang)(liang)(liang)高,含油量(liang)(liang)(liang)適(shi)中,炒(chao)制的(de)大(da)(da)(da)悟(wu)花(hua)生有一種(zhong)特(te)別的(de)醇濃的(de)香(xiang)味,是(shi)炒(chao)貨(huo)的(de)理想品種(zhong),炒(chao)貨(huo)具有香(xiang)而帶甜、油而不(bu)膩、細(xi)膩無(wu)渣、松脆(cui)爽口的(de)突出特(te)點(dian)。其年(nian)總(zong)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)高達(da)70000t。
品質特征
大悟(wu)花(hua)生具(ju)有粒(li)小、籽實飽滿、營(ying)養(yang)豐富(fu),口(kou)感(gan)具(ju)有香(xiang)、酥(su)、脆、甜的突出特點。大悟(wu)花(hua)生蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高,大悟(wu)花(hua)生達29.87%,比其(qi)他產區高出1.9%-5.9%;脂肪含(han)量(liang)適中,為52.43%;且富(fu)含(han)有17種人體必需的氨基酸,氨基酸總量(liang)27.02%。炒制的大悟(wu)花(hua)生有一(yi)種特別的醇(chun)濃的香(xiang)味(wei),口(kou)感(gan)具(ju)有香(xiang)中帶甜、油(you)而不膩、細膩無渣、松脆爽口(kou)的特獨風味(wei)。
產地環境
大(da)悟縣(xian)(xian)地(di)處大(da)別山(shan)南麓,是(shi)長江與淮河水(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)嶺,由于(yu)它分(fen)開(kai)了長江、淮河兩大(da)水(shui)(shui)系,處于(yu)南、北(bei)交界(jie)地(di)。《湖北(bei)省(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候志(zhi)》記載:大(da)悟縣(xian)(xian)大(da)悟縣(xian)(xian)屬北(bei)亞熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,冬(dong)季受(shou)西北(bei)冷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)團的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),夏(xia)(xia)季受(shou)東南、西南季風控制(zhi),形(xing)成冬(dong)冷、夏(xia)(xia)熱、冬(dong)干(gan)、夏(xia)(xia)濕(shi),雨量(liang)充(chong)沛、光照充(chong)足、四季分(fen)明、無霜期較長的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特征。累積年(nian)平均(jun)日照時數為2153.3h,為全(quan)省(sheng)的(de)(de)最高(gao)值。出露地(di)層(ceng)主(zhu)要由前震旦紀地(di)層(ceng)和侵入巖構成,以花(hua)崗巖、片麻(ma)巖等(deng)為主(zhu),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)多為黃棕土(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)呈微酸性,PH值為5.6-6.5,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)礦物質(zhi)營養豐富,富含(han)磷(lin)、鉀、鈣(gai)、鎂、鐵、銅、鉬等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)元素(su)。大(da)部(bu)分(fen)土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為山(shan)沙土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)厚度(du)≥30cm,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)≥1.0%,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松,空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通透性好,非常適(shi)合花(hua)生生長發育。
因(yin)大(da)悟縣(xian)特殊的(de)環境氣(qi)候、土壤特點,從上(shang)世紀(ji)50年代起,大(da)悟縣(xian)就是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國油料研(yan)究所的(de)科研(yan)示(shi)范(fan)基地,也是(shi)(shi)全國和湖北省花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新品種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)試驗(yan)基地。1983年縣(xian)農(nong)業局在新城區(qu)民主(zhu)村(cun)進行地膜(mo)(mo)(mo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植試驗(yan),1984年由旱(han)地地膜(mo)(mo)(mo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)發展到旱(han)田(tian)地膜(mo)(mo)(mo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。2006年5月(yue)(yue)頒布、實(shi)施了《大(da)悟花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》、《旱(han)地大(da)悟花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地膜(mo)(mo)(mo)技術規程》、《水田(tian)大(da)悟花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地膜(mo)(mo)(mo)技術規程》三項地方標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),對產前、產中(zhong)、產后的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產技術進行了詳細規定。通(tong)過(guo)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)政(zheng)府的(de)協調職能、強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)業務培訓(xun)、強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境建(jian)設,加大(da)對農(nong)業標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)的(de)投入力度,2006年8月(yue)(yue)大(da)悟花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)為“綠色(se)食品大(da)悟花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)國家農(nong)業標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)”。通(tong)過(guo)示(shi)范(fan)的(de)建(jian)設,推廣(guang)了花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地膜(mo)(mo)(mo)覆蓋、一穴雙粒技術,適(shi)樂時(shi)拌種(zhong)(zhong)防病,高效(xiao)低(di)毒低(di)殘留無公害栽培技術等。通(tong)過(guo)示(shi)范(fan)區(qu)的(de)示(shi)范(fan)、推廣(guang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地膜(mo)(mo)(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)植和標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)植技術推廣(guang)到全縣(xian),有力地促進了大(da)悟花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)經濟效(xiao)益和社會效(xiao)益,全縣(xian)基本實(shi)現了花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植品種(zhong)(zhong)優質(zhi)化(hua)(hua),種(zhong)(zhong)植技術標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)。