一.產品介紹
洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)民間(jian)素(su)有(you)“九(jiu)雁十(shi)八(ba)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),最佳(jia)不過青頭(tou)與八(ba)塔”之諺。以“青頭(tou)”“八(ba)塔”為代表的(de)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可說全身是(shi)寶。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)紅燒野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)已(yi)有(you)200多年的(de)歷史,被選入(ru)《中(zhong)國(guo)菜譜》。早在(zai)三十(shi)年代初(chu)期,53萬畝的(de)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)就具有(you)良好的(de)濕(shi)地(di)環境(jing)和(he)(he)豐富的(de)濕(shi)地(di)資源,是(shi)濕(shi)地(di)水鳥重要的(de)棲(qi)息地(di)、越冬地(di)和(he)(he)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)得天獨厚的(de)生(sheng)態環境(jing)使遷徙來的(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)久(jiu)久(jiu)不愿離(li)去,豐富的(de)餌料資源使得成(cheng)群(qun)結隊的(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)聚集在(zai)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)棲(qi)息、繁殖(zhi)(zhi)、安營扎寨,使野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)種群(qun)數量日益增多,“四(si)處(chu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)菱藕(ou)”的(de)壯觀湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)景(jing),裝點(dian)了(le)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),使得湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面上(shang)的(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)有(you)了(le)一個(ge)地(di)標(biao)性(xing)的(de)名(ming)字—洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)它含有(you)氨酸和(he)(he)多種維生(sheng)素(su),有(you)補虛暖(nuan)胃,行氣活血之功,沒(mei)有(you)一般飛(fei)禽常有(you)的(de)腥燥味,是(shi)一種氣質純和(he)(he)食味清雋的(de)滋補佳(jia)品(pin)(pin)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)取(qu)其體毛(mao)(mao),精(jing)羽(yu)可制(zhi)成(cheng)羽(yu)毛(mao)(mao)扇,是(shi)我省著名(ming)的(de)傳(chuan)統工藝品(pin)(pin)。還是(shi)戲劇舞臺(tai)上(shang)理想的(de)道(dao)具,也是(shi)一種珍貴的(de)禮品(pin)(pin)。細(xi)絨則能做羽(yu)絨服。羽(yu)絨被,具有(you)“輕、軟、暖(nuan)、彈”等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。2005年我們開(kai)始從事洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)食品(pin)(pin)深(shen)加工,現(xian)在(zai)已(yi)逐步形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)產銷一條龍(long)的(de)格局,我們通過協會組織(zhi)的(de)平臺(tai),打造產業(ye)化經(jing)營,完(wan)善洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)綠(lv)色生(sheng)態產業(ye)鏈,2012年就洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)申辦國(guo)家農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志認證(zheng)。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)地(di)貌情況:洪(hong)湖(hu)地(di)形自西北向東南呈緩(huan)傾斜,形成南北高,中間低(di),廣(guang)闊而平(ping)坦。清光緒二十年(1894)纂修(xiu)的《沔陽洲(zhou)志》記(ji)載(zai),境(jing)內大(da)小湖(hu)泊50多個,其中洪(hong)湖(hu)最大(da)。洪(hong)湖(hu)境(jing)內河(he)流密如蛛網,湖(hu)泊星羅棋布(bu),河(he) 湖(hu)港汊交叉縱(zong)橫,是馴養野鴨(ya)的理想之地(di)。洪(hong)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫一般年份5-10月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)20℃以上,最高水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫36℃,最低(di) 水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫2℃,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)透明度1.5-1.8米(mi),湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)PH值(zhi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)6.5-8.2,總(zong)酸度平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)5.98度,通(tong)過對湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的有機氯(lv)、砷、酚、汞、氯(lv)化物、硫(liu)化物等有毒物質(zhi)的分析測定(ding),均(jun)(jun)(jun)未超過野鴨(ya)食用水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準。
2、產地(di)(di)及(ji)環境:洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)勢(shi)自西北(bei)向東南呈緩(huan)傾斜,形成南北(bei)高,中(zhong)間低,廣(guang)闊而平(ping)(ping)坦。其海(hai)拔大都在(zai)22-28.5米(mi)之間,境內(nei)河流密如蛛網,湖(hu)(hu)泊星羅棋布,河湖(hu)(hu)港汊交叉縱橫(heng)。產地(di)(di)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)屬夏(xia)(xia)(xia)至日(ri)(ri)長(chang),冬(dong)(dong)至日(ri)(ri)短(duan),春分(fen)(fen)與秋分(fen)(fen),晝(zhou)夜一般平(ping)(ping);四季分(fen)(fen)明(ming),關照充(chong)足;雨(yu)(yu)量充(chong)沛,溫(wen)和濕潤;秋溫(wen)高于春溫(wen),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)熱(re)冬(dong)(dong)冷(leng),春夏(xia)(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)熱(re)同(tong)步,秋冬(dong)(dong)溫(wen)光互補;降水(shui)(shui)集(ji)中(zhong)春夏(xia)(xia)(xia)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)十分(fen)(fen)豐富。境內(nei)飛禽(qin)有167種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)全省(sheng)350種(zhong)飛禽(qin)的48%。其中(zhong),冬(dong)(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)40.5%,夏(xia)(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)22%,夏(xia)(xia)(xia)冬(dong)(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)3.5%,旅鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)15%,留居鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)19%。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)高等植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(蕨類)共有30科68種(zhong)。其中(zhong),挺水(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)31種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)45.6%;浮水(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)15種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)22.1%,沉水(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)22種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)32.3%。全湖(hu)(hu)總(zong)(zong)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量,春秋為119萬(wan)噸;夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季最高,為157萬(wan)噸;冬(dong)(dong)季為119萬(wan)噸。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)溫(wen),一般年份(fen)5-10月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)20℃以(yi)上(shang),最高水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)36℃以(yi)上(shang)。最低水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)2℃,水(shui)(shui)質透明(ming)度1.5-1.8米(mi),湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)PH值平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)6.5-8.2總(zong)(zong)酸(suan)度平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)5.98度。
三.地域范圍
洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)野鴨地(di)域(yu)(yu)范圍為湖(hu)北(bei)省洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)市行政區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(20個鄉、鎮、區(qu)(qu)、辦(ban))。具(ju)體包括:北(bei)起(qi)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)市的東荊河(he)的峰口(kou)鎮,南(nan)至(zhi)長江(jiang)邊的螺山鎮到燕窩鎮,西(xi)起(qi)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)岸邊的瞿家灣(wan)鎮,東至(zhi)東荊河(he)與長江(jiang)交匯處的新灘鎮,以(yi)瞿家灣(wan)鎮、沙口(kou)鎮、螺山鎮、黃家口(kou)鎮、汊(cha)河(he)鎮、烏林鎮、濱湖(hu)辦(ban)事(shi)處、小(xiao)港(gang)、新堤辦(ban)事(shi)處等為主產區(qu)(qu)。總生(sheng)產面積覆蓋了(le)整(zheng)個洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)行政區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu),年養野鴨60多萬羽。其地(di)理位置位于:東經113°07′至(zhi)114°05′,北(bei)緯(wei)29°39′至(zhi)30°12′。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征:洪(hong)湖野(ye)鴨(ya)通(tong)常較家(jia)鴨(ya)小(xiao),成(cheng)年雄鴨(ya)體(ti)(ti)長55~60厘米(mi)(mi),體(ti)(ti)重1.12~1.64公斤(jin);雌(ci)鴨(ya)體(ti)(ti)長50~56厘米(mi)(mi),體(ti)(ti)重1.08~1.15公斤(jin)。雌(ci)雄體(ti)(ti)羽(yu)(yu)顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)各(ge)異(yi),成(cheng)年雄鴨(ya)頭(tou)(tou)和頸(jing)呈(cheng)(cheng)現灰(hui)亮的翠金屬綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se);頸(jing)基(ji)有(you)一白環;翼頸(jing)呈(cheng)(cheng)藍紫色(se)(se)(se)(se),并綴(zhui)有(you)暗(an)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點;背(bei)部(bu)灰(hui)褐(he)(he)與灰(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se)相間;腹(fu)淺灰(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se);尾(wei)羽(yu)(yu)大部(bu)灰(hui)白色(se)(se)(se)(se),僅中(zhong)央四枚黑色(se)(se)(se)(se),端(duan)部(bu)上卷(juan)(juan)如鉤;喙淡(dan)(dan)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)扁而闊(kuo)(kuo),頂(ding)端(duan)中(zhong)部(bu)有(you)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點;腳(jiao)呈(cheng)(cheng)淡(dan)(dan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。故又稱(cheng)“青(qing)頭(tou)(tou)鴨(ya)”。雌(ci)鴨(ya)頭(tou)(tou)頂(ding)和后頸(jing)為黑色(se)(se)(se)(se);背(bei)羽(yu)(yu)呈(cheng)(cheng)棕黑色(se)(se)(se)(se);胸(xiong)腹(fu)部(bu)為淡(dan)(dan)棕黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se),并綴(zhui)有(you)暗(an)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點;翼羽(yu)(yu)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se);尾(wei)羽(yu)(yu)淡(dan)(dan)褐(he)(he),羽(yu)(yu)緣淡(dan)(dan)黃(huang),羽(yu)(yu)尾(wei)不卷(juan)(juan)曲(qu);喙暗(an)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)扁而闊(kuo)(kuo),頂(ding)端(duan)中(zhong)部(bu)有(you)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點;腳(jiao)呈(cheng)(cheng)褐(he)(he)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)。故又稱(cheng)“大麻鴨(ya)”。雛野(ye)鴨(ya)全身為灰(hui)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)絨羽(yu)(yu),少數為黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)絨羽(yu)(yu),肩、背(bei)、腹(fu)有(you)淡(dan)(dan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)絨羽(yu)(yu)相間,喙和腳(jiao)灰(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se),趾爪黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。 2、內(nei)存(cun)品質指(zhi)標:洪(hong)湖野(ye)鴨(ya)肉質細膩、鮮香爽(shuang)口(kou),營養價(jia)值(zhi)高。總蛋白≥18.0%,實際(ji)檢驗值(zhi)22.1%;總脂肪≤14.0%,實際(ji)檢驗值(zhi)為4.6%;膽(dan)固醇≤800mg/kg,實際(ji)檢驗值(zhi)為674mg/kg;氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)≥17.0%,實際(ji)檢驗值(zhi)19.0%。富含各(ge)種氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)。