一.產品介紹
洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)民(min)間素(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“九雁十(shi)八鴨(ya),最佳不(bu)過(guo)青(qing)頭與八塔”之諺(yan)。以“青(qing)頭”“八塔”為代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)鴨(ya)可(ke)說(shuo)全身是(shi)寶。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)紅燒野(ye)鴨(ya)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)200多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史,被選(xuan)入(ru)《中國菜譜》。早在(zai)三十(shi)年(nian)代初(chu)期(qi),53萬畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)就具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)環境和豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源,是(shi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)鳥重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)棲(qi)息地(di)(di)(di)、越(yue)冬(dong)地(di)(di)(di)和繁殖地(di)(di)(di)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)得(de)天獨(du)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)環境使遷(qian)徙(xi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)鴨(ya)久久不(bu)愿離去,豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)餌料資(zi)源使得(de)成(cheng)群結隊的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)鴨(ya)聚(ju)集在(zai)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)棲(qi)息、繁殖、安營(ying)扎(zha)寨,使野(ye)鴨(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種群數(shu)量日益增多,“四處野(ye)鴨(ya)和菱(ling)藕”的(de)(de)(de)(de)壯觀湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)景,裝點了(le)(le)洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),使得(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面上的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)鴨(ya)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)一個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)標性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名字(zi)—洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)鴨(ya)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)鴨(ya)它(ta)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氨酸和多種維生素(su),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)補(bu)(bu)虛暖胃,行氣活(huo)血之功,沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一般飛禽常有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)腥燥味,是(shi)一種氣質純和食(shi)味清雋的(de)(de)(de)(de)滋(zi)補(bu)(bu)佳品(pin)(pin)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)鴨(ya)取其體毛,精(jing)羽可(ke)制成(cheng)羽毛扇,是(shi)我省(sheng)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統工藝品(pin)(pin)。還是(shi)戲劇舞臺上理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道具(ju),也(ye)是(shi)一種珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)禮品(pin)(pin)。細絨則能做(zuo)羽絨服。羽絨被,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“輕(qing)、軟、暖、彈(dan)”等特(te)點。2005年(nian)我們(men)開始(shi)從事洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)鴨(ya)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)深(shen)加(jia)工,現在(zai)已(yi)逐步形成(cheng)了(le)(le)產(chan)銷一條龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局(ju),我們(men)通過(guo)協(xie)會(hui)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平臺,打造產(chan)業化經營(ying),完善洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)鴨(ya)綠(lv)色生態(tai)產(chan)業鏈,2012年(nian)就洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)鴨(ya)申辦國家農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志認證(zheng)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷史因(yin)素
1、水(shui)質地(di)貌情(qing)況:洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)地(di)形自西北(bei)向東南(nan)呈緩傾斜(xie),形成(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)高,中間低,廣闊(kuo)而(er)平(ping)坦。清光緒二(er)十年(1894)纂修的(de)(de)《沔(mian)陽洲志》記載(zai),境內(nei)大小湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)50多個,其中洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)最大。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)境內(nei)河流密如蛛(zhu)網,湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)星(xing)羅棋(qi)布(bu),河 湖(hu)(hu)港汊交叉縱橫,是馴養野(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)的(de)(de)理想(xiang)之(zhi)地(di)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)一般年份(fen)5-10月平(ping)均20℃以上,最高水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)36℃,最低 水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)2℃,水(shui)質透明度1.5-1.8米(mi),湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)PH值平(ping)均6.5-8.2,總酸度平(ping)均5.98度,通過(guo)對湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)的(de)(de)有機氯、砷、酚、汞、氯化(hua)物、硫化(hua)物等有毒物質的(de)(de)分析測定,均未超(chao)過(guo)野(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)食(shi)用水(shui)標準(zhun)。
2、產地及環境:洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)地勢自西北向東南呈(cheng)緩傾斜(xie),形成南北高(gao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間低,廣闊而(er)平坦。其海拔大(da)都在22-28.5米之(zhi)間,境內河流(liu)密如(ru)蛛(zhu)網,湖(hu)(hu)泊星羅棋布,河湖(hu)(hu)港汊交叉縱橫。產地洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)屬夏(xia)至日(ri)長,冬(dong)至日(ri)短,春(chun)分(fen)與秋(qiu)分(fen),晝夜(ye)一般平;四(si)季分(fen)明,關照充足;雨量充沛,溫(wen)(wen)和濕潤;秋(qiu)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)于春(chun)溫(wen)(wen),夏(xia)熱冬(dong)冷,春(chun)夏(xia)雨熱同步,秋(qiu)冬(dong)溫(wen)(wen)光互(hu)補(bu);降水(shui)(shui)(shui)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)春(chun)夏(xia)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物十分(fen)豐(feng)富(fu)。境內飛禽有167種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全省(sheng)350種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飛禽的48%。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),冬(dong)候(hou)鳥占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)40.5%,夏(xia)候(hou)鳥占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)22%,夏(xia)冬(dong)候(hou)鳥占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.5%,旅鳥占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)15%,留居鳥占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)19%。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)高(gao)等植(zhi)物(蕨類)共有30科68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)45.6%;浮水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)22.1%,沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)32.3%。全湖(hu)(hu)總(zong)生(sheng)物量,春(chun)秋(qiu)為(wei)(wei)119萬噸;夏(xia)季最高(gao),為(wei)(wei)157萬噸;冬(dong)季為(wei)(wei)119萬噸。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen),一般年份5-10月平均20℃以(yi)上,最高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)36℃以(yi)上。最低水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)2℃,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質透明度(du)1.5-1.8米,湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)PH值平均6.5-8.2總(zong)酸度(du)平均5.98度(du)。
三.地域范圍
洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)野鴨地(di)域(yu)(yu)范圍為湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)省洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)市行(xing)政區域(yu)(yu)(20個鄉、鎮(zhen)(zhen)、區、辦(ban))。具體包括:北(bei)起(qi)洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)市的東荊河(he)的峰口鎮(zhen)(zhen),南至(zhi)長(chang)江(jiang)邊(bian)的螺山鎮(zhen)(zhen)到燕窩鎮(zhen)(zhen),西起(qi)洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)岸邊(bian)的瞿家(jia)灣鎮(zhen)(zhen),東至(zhi)東荊河(he)與長(chang)江(jiang)交匯處的新灘鎮(zhen)(zhen),以瞿家(jia)灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)、沙口鎮(zhen)(zhen)、螺山鎮(zhen)(zhen)、黃家(jia)口鎮(zhen)(zhen)、汊河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、烏林鎮(zhen)(zhen)、濱湖(hu)(hu)(hu)辦(ban)事處、小港、新堤辦(ban)事處等為主(zhu)產(chan)區。總生產(chan)面積覆蓋了整個洪(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)行(xing)政區域(yu)(yu),年養野鴨60多(duo)萬羽。其地(di)理位置位于:東經113°07′至(zhi)114°05′,北(bei)緯29°39′至(zhi)30°12′。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特(te)征:洪湖野(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)通常較家鴨(ya)(ya)小(xiao),成年(nian)雄(xiong)鴨(ya)(ya)體(ti)長55~60厘米(mi),體(ti)重(zhong)1.12~1.64公(gong)斤;雌(ci)鴨(ya)(ya)體(ti)長50~56厘米(mi),體(ti)重(zhong)1.08~1.15公(gong)斤。雌(ci)雄(xiong)體(ti)羽(yu)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)各(ge)異,成年(nian)雄(xiong)鴨(ya)(ya)頭(tou)和(he)頸呈(cheng)現灰亮的翠金屬綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);頸基(ji)有(you)(you)(you)一白環;翼頸呈(cheng)藍紫色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),并綴(zhui)有(you)(you)(you)暗(an)(an)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)點(dian);背(bei)部(bu)灰褐與灰色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)相(xiang)間(jian);腹(fu)淺灰色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);尾羽(yu)大(da)(da)部(bu)灰白色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),僅中(zhong)央四枚黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),端(duan)部(bu)上卷(juan)如(ru)鉤(gou);喙淡(dan)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)扁而(er)闊,頂端(duan)中(zhong)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)點(dian);腳呈(cheng)淡(dan)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。故(gu)又稱“青頭(tou)鴨(ya)(ya)”。雌(ci)鴨(ya)(ya)頭(tou)頂和(he)后頸為(wei)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);背(bei)羽(yu)呈(cheng)棕黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);胸腹(fu)部(bu)為(wei)淡(dan)棕黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),并綴(zhui)有(you)(you)(you)暗(an)(an)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)點(dian);翼羽(yu)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);尾羽(yu)淡(dan)褐,羽(yu)緣(yuan)淡(dan)黃,羽(yu)尾不卷(juan)曲;喙暗(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)扁而(er)闊,頂端(duan)中(zhong)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)點(dian);腳呈(cheng)褐黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。故(gu)又稱“大(da)(da)麻鴨(ya)(ya)”。雛野(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)全身為(wei)灰黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)絨(rong)羽(yu),少數為(wei)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)絨(rong)羽(yu),肩、背(bei)、腹(fu)有(you)(you)(you)淡(dan)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)絨(rong)羽(yu)相(xiang)間(jian),喙和(he)腳灰色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),趾爪(zhua)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。 2、內(nei)存品質指標:洪湖野(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)肉質細膩、鮮香爽口(kou),營養(yang)價值(zhi)高。總蛋白≥18.0%,實際檢(jian)驗(yan)值(zhi)22.1%;總脂肪≤14.0%,實際檢(jian)驗(yan)值(zhi)為(wei)4.6%;膽固醇(chun)≤800mg/kg,實際檢(jian)驗(yan)值(zhi)為(wei)674mg/kg;氨基(ji)酸≥17.0%,實際檢(jian)驗(yan)值(zhi)19.0%。富含各(ge)種氨基(ji)酸。