一.產品介紹
洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)民(min)間素(su)有(you)(you)(you)“九雁十八(ba)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),最佳不(bu)過青頭與八(ba)塔”之(zhi)諺。以“青頭”“八(ba)塔”為代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可說全身是(shi)(shi)(shi)寶(bao)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)紅燒野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)已有(you)(you)(you)200多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,被選入(ru)《中國(guo)菜(cai)譜(pu)》。早在(zai)(zai)三十年(nian)代初(chu)期,53萬畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)就具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)環境和豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)資(zi)源,是(shi)(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)水鳥重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棲息(xi)地(di)、越冬(dong)地(di)和繁(fan)殖地(di)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)環境使(shi)遷徙來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)久(jiu)久(jiu)不(bu)愿離去,豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餌(er)料資(zi)源使(shi)得成(cheng)群(qun)結隊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)聚集在(zai)(zai)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)棲息(xi)、繁(fan)殖、安(an)營(ying)扎寨,使(shi)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)群(qun)數量日益增多,“四處野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和菱藕(ou)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壯觀湖(hu)(hu)景,裝點(dian)了(le)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu),使(shi)得湖(hu)(hu)面上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)有(you)(you)(you)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)地(di)標性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字—洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)它(ta)含有(you)(you)(you)氨(an)酸和多種(zhong)維生素(su),有(you)(you)(you)補虛暖胃(wei),行氣活血(xue)之(zhi)功,沒有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般飛禽常有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腥燥味,是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)氣質純和食味清雋(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滋補佳品(pin)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)取(qu)其(qi)體(ti)毛(mao),精羽(yu)可制成(cheng)羽(yu)毛(mao)扇(shan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)省(sheng)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)工藝品(pin)。還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)戲劇舞臺上理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)具(ju),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禮品(pin)。細絨(rong)則能做羽(yu)絨(rong)服(fu)。羽(yu)絨(rong)被,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)“輕、軟、暖、彈”等特(te)點(dian)。2005年(nian)我(wo)(wo)們開(kai)始從事洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)食品(pin)深加工,現在(zai)(zai)已逐步形成(cheng)了(le)產(chan)銷一(yi)(yi)(yi)條龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格局(ju),我(wo)(wo)們通(tong)過協會組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平臺,打造(zao)產(chan)業化經(jing)營(ying),完善(shan)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)綠色生態(tai)產(chan)業鏈,2012年(nian)就洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)申辦(ban)國(guo)家農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志認證(zheng)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和(he)人文歷史因素(su)
1、水(shui)(shui)質地(di)貌(mao)情況:洪湖(hu)(hu)地(di)形(xing)自(zi)西(xi)北(bei)向東南(nan)呈(cheng)緩傾斜,形(xing)成南(nan)北(bei)高,中間低(di),廣闊(kuo)而(er)平坦。清(qing)光緒二十(shi)年(1894)纂修的《沔(mian)陽洲志》記載,境內(nei)大(da)小(xiao)湖(hu)(hu)泊50多(duo)個,其中洪湖(hu)(hu)最大(da)。洪湖(hu)(hu)境內(nei)河流(liu)密如蛛網,湖(hu)(hu)泊星羅棋布,河 湖(hu)(hu)港(gang)汊(cha)交叉縱橫,是(shi)馴養野鴨的理想(xiang)之(zhi)地(di)。洪湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)溫一般年份5-10月平均(jun)20℃以上,最高水(shui)(shui)溫36℃,最低(di) 水(shui)(shui)溫2℃,水(shui)(shui)質透明度1.5-1.8米(mi),湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)PH值平均(jun)6.5-8.2,總酸(suan)度平均(jun)5.98度,通過對湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)的有(you)機(ji)氯(lv)、砷、酚、汞、氯(lv)化物(wu)、硫化物(wu)等有(you)毒物(wu)質的分析測定,均(jun)未(wei)超(chao)過野鴨食(shi)用水(shui)(shui)標準。
2、產(chan)(chan)地及環境:洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)地勢自(zi)西北向東南呈緩傾斜,形成南北高(gao),中間(jian)低,廣闊而平(ping)坦。其海拔大都在(zai)22-28.5米之(zhi)間(jian),境內河流密如(ru)蛛網,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊星羅棋布(bu),河湖(hu)(hu)(hu)港汊交叉縱橫(heng)。產(chan)(chan)地洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)屬(shu)夏(xia)至日(ri)長,冬(dong)(dong)至日(ri)短,春分與秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)分,晝夜一般(ban)平(ping);四(si)季分明,關照(zhao)充足;雨(yu)(yu)量充沛,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和濕潤(run);秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)于(yu)春溫(wen)(wen)(wen),夏(xia)熱冬(dong)(dong)冷,春夏(xia)雨(yu)(yu)熱同(tong)步,秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)光互(hu)補;降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)集(ji)中春夏(xia)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)十分豐富(fu)。境內飛(fei)禽有(you)167種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全省350種(zhong)飛(fei)禽的48%。其中,冬(dong)(dong)候鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)40.5%,夏(xia)候鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)22%,夏(xia)冬(dong)(dong)候鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.5%,旅鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)15%,留居(ju)鳥(niao)(niao)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)19%。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生高(gao)等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(蕨類(lei))共(gong)有(you)30科68種(zhong)。其中,挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)31種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)45.6%;浮水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)15種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)22.1%,沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)22種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)32.3%。全湖(hu)(hu)(hu)總生物(wu)(wu)(wu)量,春秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)為119萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun);夏(xia)季最高(gao),為157萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun);冬(dong)(dong)季為119萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)。洪(hong)(hong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),一般(ban)年(nian)份5-10月平(ping)均20℃以上(shang)(shang),最高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)36℃以上(shang)(shang)。最低水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2℃,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)透明度1.5-1.8米,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)PH值平(ping)均6.5-8.2總酸度平(ping)均5.98度。
三.地域范圍
洪湖野鴨(ya)地(di)域(yu)范圍為(wei)湖北省洪湖市行政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)域(yu)(20個(ge)鄉、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、區(qu)、辦(ban))。具體(ti)包括:北起洪湖市的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)荊河的(de)(de)(de)峰口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),南(nan)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)邊的(de)(de)(de)螺山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)到(dao)燕窩鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),西起洪湖岸邊的(de)(de)(de)瞿(ju)家(jia)灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),東(dong)(dong)至(zhi)東(dong)(dong)荊河與長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)交匯(hui)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)新灘鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),以(yi)瞿(ju)家(jia)灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、沙(sha)口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、螺山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃家(jia)口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、汊河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、烏(wu)林鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、濱湖辦(ban)事處(chu)、小港、新堤(di)辦(ban)事處(chu)等為(wei)主產(chan)區(qu)。總生產(chan)面積覆(fu)蓋了整個(ge)洪湖行政(zheng)(zheng)區(qu)域(yu),年養(yang)野鴨(ya)60多(duo)萬羽。其地(di)理位置(zhi)位于:東(dong)(dong)經113°07′至(zhi)114°05′,北緯29°39′至(zhi)30°12′。
四.產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:洪(hong)湖野鴨(ya)通常較家鴨(ya)小,成年雄(xiong)鴨(ya)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)55~60厘(li)米,體(ti)(ti)重1.12~1.64公(gong)斤(jin);雌鴨(ya)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)50~56厘(li)米,體(ti)(ti)重1.08~1.15公(gong)斤(jin)。雌雄(xiong)體(ti)(ti)羽顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)各(ge)異,成年雄(xiong)鴨(ya)頭(tou)和(he)頸(jing)呈現灰(hui)(hui)(hui)亮的翠金屬綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);頸(jing)基有(you)(you)(you)一白環;翼頸(jing)呈藍紫色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),并(bing)綴有(you)(you)(you)暗褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點;背(bei)(bei)部灰(hui)(hui)(hui)褐(he)與灰(hui)(hui)(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)相間;腹(fu)淺灰(hui)(hui)(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);尾(wei)(wei)羽大(da)部灰(hui)(hui)(hui)白色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),僅中(zhong)(zhong)央四枚黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),端(duan)部上(shang)卷如鉤;喙(hui)淡綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)扁(bian)(bian)而闊,頂端(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)部有(you)(you)(you)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點;腳呈淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。故又稱“青頭(tou)鴨(ya)”。雌鴨(ya)頭(tou)頂和(he)后頸(jing)為(wei)(wei)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);背(bei)(bei)羽呈棕黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);胸(xiong)腹(fu)部為(wei)(wei)淡棕黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),并(bing)綴有(you)(you)(you)暗褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點;翼羽黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);尾(wei)(wei)羽淡褐(he),羽緣淡黃(huang),羽尾(wei)(wei)不卷曲;喙(hui)暗黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)扁(bian)(bian)而闊,頂端(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)部有(you)(you)(you)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)點;腳呈褐(he)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。故又稱“大(da)麻(ma)鴨(ya)”。雛野鴨(ya)全(quan)身為(wei)(wei)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)絨羽,少數為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)絨羽,肩、背(bei)(bei)、腹(fu)有(you)(you)(you)淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)絨羽相間,喙(hui)和(he)腳灰(hui)(hui)(hui)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),趾(zhi)爪黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。 2、內(nei)存(cun)品質指標:洪(hong)湖野鴨(ya)肉質細膩(ni)、鮮香爽(shuang)口,營養價值(zhi)高。總蛋白≥18.0%,實際(ji)(ji)檢(jian)驗值(zhi)22.1%;總脂肪≤14.0%,實際(ji)(ji)檢(jian)驗值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)4.6%;膽固醇≤800mg/kg,實際(ji)(ji)檢(jian)驗值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)674mg/kg;氨基酸(suan)(suan)≥17.0%,實際(ji)(ji)檢(jian)驗值(zhi)19.0%。富含各(ge)種氨基酸(suan)(suan)。