一.產品介紹
建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)分布于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)始(shi)縣(xian)(xian)境內的(de)(de)茅田鄉、龍坪鄉、高(gao)坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、花(hua)(hua)坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、官店鎮(zhen)(zhen)等(deng)(deng)10個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen),是(shi)我縣(xian)(xian)地道(dao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)之(zhi)一(yi),區域面(mian)(mian)積26.6572萬公頃。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)產(chan)(chan)量高(gao),樹(shu)皮(pi)(pi)較(jiao)(jiao)其它(ta)品(pin)種厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)2-3mm,最(zui)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)達7mm,質(zhi)堅硬(ying),易折(zhe)斷,斷面(mian)(mian)玻璃(li)狀,含纖(xian)維少(shao)。氣芬(fen)(fen)香,味辛(xin)辣,樹(shu)齡25年以上的(de)(de)樹(shu)皮(pi)(pi)達5-7mm,筒圍在18-25cm。外表面(mian)(mian)深(shen)褐色,粗(cu)糙,有(you)(you)油(you)(you)性,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)可(ke)見多數紫紅色小(xiao)亮(liang)星,有(you)(you)時呈鱗片狀,較(jiao)(jiao)易剝落,有(you)(you)明顯(xian)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)皮(pi)(pi)孔和(he)縱(zong)皺紋,刮去粗(cu)皮(pi)(pi)者顯(xian)黃(huang)棕色。內表面(mian)(mian)皮(pi)(pi)為棕褐色或棕色,較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)滑,具細(xi)密縱(zong)紋,劃之(zhi)顯(xian)油(you)(you)痕。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)樹(shu)皮(pi)(pi)、花(hua)(hua)、葉皆可(ke)入藥(yao)(yao)(yao),相(xiang)對(dui)川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)和(he)紫油(you)(you)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)更(geng)廣(guang),并主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)保(bao)健(jian)及(ji)醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)領域。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)樹(shu)皮(pi)(pi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),油(you)(you)性含量高(gao),酚類含量大。相(xiang)對(dui)川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)和(he)紫油(you)(you)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)纖(xian)維含量少(shao),強度弱,酚含量更(geng)高(gao),為著名中藥(yao)(yao)(yao),有(you)(you)化(hua)濕導滯、化(hua)食(shi)消痰、驅風鎮(zhen)(zhen)痛之(zhi)效。厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)葉大蔭濃,味芬(fen)(fen)香,長可(ke)達25-30cm,寬可(ke)達10-15cm,可(ke)作(zuo)為傳統食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)用(yong),包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)食(shi)品(pin)不粘連,并有(you)(you)防(fang)腐、保(bao)健(jian)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。現被當(dang)地經營大戶(hu)通過初級加工(gong)后出口到(dao)韓國、日本,作(zuo)環保(bao)食(shi)品(pin)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)原料。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)屬于(yu)(yu)地道(dao)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai),且歷史(shi)悠久,分布廣(guang)泛,明正德七年(1512)《夔州府(fu)志》建(jian)(jian)始(shi)卷已有(you)(you)記載,并于(yu)(yu)2011年成功注冊(ce)“建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)”商(shang)標(biao)。近十年來建(jian)(jian)始(shi)縣(xian)(xian)通過退(tui)(tui)耕還(huan)林(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、天保(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)人工(gong)造(zao)林(lin)(lin)、退(tui)(tui)耕還(huan)林(lin)(lin)后續(xu)產(chan)(chan)業建(jian)(jian)設等(deng)(deng)林(lin)(lin)業重點工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),在建(jian)(jian)始(shi)縣(xian)(xian)營造(zao)了5萬畝(mu)建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)基地。已經形(xing)成了與安徽的(de)(de)亳州藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)、河北(bei)的(de)(de)安國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)西(xi)的(de)(de)玉林(lin)(lin)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)州的(de)(de)清平(ping)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)銷售網絡,年銷售建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)1000噸,產(chan)(chan)值1600萬元(yuan),出口創匯320萬元(yuan)。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地貌情況(kuang):建始縣境(jing)內(nei)(nei)硒(xi)資(zi)源出(chu)露面積(ji)近480平(ping)方公里,是國內(nei)(nei)連(lian)片面積(ji)最大、平(ping)均硒(xi)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)含(han)量最高的富硒(xi)生(sheng)物圈,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)平(ping)均硒(xi)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)含(han)量17.7ppm,有“富硒(xi)王國”之稱(cheng);產區年平(ping)均溫度16—20℃,年降雨量800—1800毫(hao)米(mi),相對濕(shi)度70—90%;我(wo)縣高山、二高山地區土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)均為山地黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang),屬于(yu)(yu)相對濕(shi)度大、霧,陽光充足的山地,并且土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)沃、含(han)腐殖質多、濕(shi)潤(run)、疏松(song)、排水(shui)(shui)良好,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)屬于(yu)(yu)酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)、微(wei)酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)和中性(xing)(xing),其生(sheng)態環境(jing)優越(yue),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、農用灌溉水(shui)(shui)和空氣(qi)質量好,無工業“三廢”污染,從而形成了建始厚(hou)樸獨特(te)的生(sheng)長環境(jing)和品(pin)質。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:境(jing)內共(gong)有(you)大小河(he)流104條,總長853.65公(gong)里。其(qi)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)流有(you)清江景陽河(he)段、野三河(he)、馬水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)、太陽河(he)、東龍河(he)、閘木水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)、刀龍河(he)、伍(wu)家河(he)、豬(zhu)耳河(he)等(deng)10條,其(qi)中(zhong)流域面積在100平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里以(yi)上的(de)河(he)流有(you)5條。全縣(xian)共(gong)建(jian)中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)兩座,小型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)5座,小型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)8座,堰塘1334口,人畜飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)池5183口,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)9500立方(fang)(fang)米,修建(jian)渠道281條,長354.6公(gong)里,灌溉(gai)農田4萬畝。水(shui)(shui)(shui)源充足(zu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質好,無工業排水(shui)(shui)(shui)污染,有(you)利于(yu)厚樸(pu)生長發育。
3、氣(qi)候情況(kuang):建始(shi)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)屬亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)濕潤型山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)候,夏(xia)季(ji)多(duo)(duo)偏南(nan)風(feng),冬(dong)季(ji)多(duo)(duo)偏北風(feng),雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,雨熱同季(ji),立體氣(qi)候特征(zheng)十分顯著。低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)四季(ji)分明,氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖(nuan),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)(wu)霜期260天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)15.5℃;二(er)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)涼(liang),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)(wu)霜期233天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)13.1℃;高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)冬(dong)長(chang)夏(xia)短,春、秋(qiu)無(wu)(wu)明顯區(qu)別,氣(qi)候冷(leng)涼(liang)濕潤,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)(wu)霜期203天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.7℃。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)分布隨海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)增高(gao)(gao)呈拋物線形,低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)(duo),二(er)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)少,高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)又(you)多(duo)(duo)。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu),只占可照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)百(bai)分率)的30%左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)1400小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),平均(jun)(jun)每天(tian)(tian)3.8小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi);二(er)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)1300小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),平均(jun)(jun)每天(tian)(tian)3.6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi);高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)1500小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),平均(jun)(jun)每天(tian)(tian)4.1小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)1400至2000毫米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),隨地(di)(di)(di)域、時(shi)(shi)間變化而異。以地(di)(di)(di)域分:縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)北部(bu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1400至2000毫米(mi),各(ge)月平均(jun)(jun)降水日(ri)(ri)均(jun)(jun)在(zai)15天(tian)(tian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you);縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)隨海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)季(ji)節變化各(ge)異,相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)基本上(shang)隨著海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)的升高(gao)(gao)而增加,低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)80%,二(er)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)82%,高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)85%。
三.地域范圍
建始縣隸(li)屬湖北省恩(en)施土家族、苗族自治州,位于(yu)鄂(e)西(xi)南(nan)山區北部,跨北緯30°06′至(zhi)30°54′,東(dong)經109°32′至(zhi)110°12′,東(dong)連(lian)巴東(dong)縣,以(yi)(yi)野三河為界;西(xi)接恩(en)施市,以(yi)(yi)太陽河為界;南(nan)鄰(lin)鶴峰縣,以(yi)(yi)長(chang)河、茶寮河為界;北與(yu)重(zhong)慶市巫山縣毗連(lian);西(xi)北與(yu)重(zhong)慶市奉節、巫山兩縣接壤,建始厚樸主要分布于(yu)建始縣境內的茅(mao)田(tian)鄉(xiang)、龍(long)坪鄉(xiang)、高(gao)坪鎮(zhen)、花坪鎮(zhen)、官店鎮(zhen)等10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),是我(wo)縣地道(dao)藥材之一,區域面(mian)積26.6572萬(wan)公頃。建始厚樸種植面(mian)積達5萬(wan)畝,基地面(mian)積近1萬(wan)畝,年產(chan)量近3000噸。