一.產品介紹
建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)分布于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縣境內(nei)的(de)(de)茅田(tian)鄉、龍(long)坪鄉、高(gao)坪鎮、花(hua)坪鎮、官店(dian)鎮等10個鄉鎮,是(shi)我縣地(di)道藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)之一,區域面積26.6572萬公頃。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)高(gao),樹皮(pi)(pi)較(jiao)(jiao)其它品(pin)種厚(hou)(hou)(hou)2-3mm,最厚(hou)(hou)(hou)可達(da)(da)7mm,質堅硬(ying),易折斷,斷面玻璃(li)狀(zhuang),含(han)纖(xian)維少。氣芬香,味(wei)(wei)辛辣(la),樹齡(ling)25年以上的(de)(de)樹皮(pi)(pi)達(da)(da)5-7mm,筒圍(wei)在18-25cm。外表(biao)面深褐色(se)(se),粗糙,有油性,有的(de)(de)可見多(duo)數紫紅色(se)(se)小亮星,有時呈鱗片(pian)狀(zhuang),較(jiao)(jiao)易剝落,有明顯橢圓形(xing)皮(pi)(pi)孔和縱皺(zhou)紋,刮(gua)去粗皮(pi)(pi)者顯黃棕(zong)色(se)(se)。內(nei)表(biao)面皮(pi)(pi)為(wei)棕(zong)褐色(se)(se)或棕(zong)色(se)(se),較(jiao)(jiao)平滑,具(ju)細密縱紋,劃之顯油痕。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)樹皮(pi)(pi)、花(hua)、葉(xie)(xie)皆可入藥(yao),相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)和紫油厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)藥(yao)用(yong)更廣(guang),并主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)健及醫(yi)藥(yao)領域。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)樹皮(pi)(pi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou),油性含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao),酚類含(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)。相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)和紫油厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)纖(xian)維含(han)量(liang)(liang)少,強度(du)弱(ruo),酚含(han)量(liang)(liang)更高(gao),為(wei)著名中(zhong)藥(yao),有化(hua)濕(shi)導(dao)滯、化(hua)食消痰、驅風(feng)鎮痛之效。厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)葉(xie)(xie)大(da)蔭濃,味(wei)(wei)芬香,長可達(da)(da)25-30cm,寬可達(da)(da)10-15cm,可作(zuo)為(wei)傳統食品(pin)包裝用(yong),包裝食品(pin)不(bu)粘連,并有防腐、保(bao)(bao)健的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。現被當地(di)經(jing)營大(da)戶通過初級加工(gong)(gong)后(hou)出(chu)口(kou)到韓國、日本,作(zuo)環保(bao)(bao)食品(pin)包裝原料。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)地(di)道中(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)(cai),且歷史悠久,分布廣(guang)泛(fan),明正德七年(1512)《夔州(zhou)府志》建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卷已有記載(zai),并于(yu)(yu)2011年成功注冊“建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)”商標。近十年來建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縣通過退耕還林工(gong)(gong)程、天保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)程人工(gong)(gong)造(zao)林、退耕還林后(hou)續產(chan)業建(jian)(jian)設等林業重點(dian)工(gong)(gong)程,在建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縣營造(zao)了5萬畝建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)基(ji)地(di)。已經(jing)形(xing)成了與安(an)徽的(de)(de)亳(bo)州(zhou)藥(yao)市、河北(bei)的(de)(de)安(an)國藥(yao)市、廣(guang)西(xi)的(de)(de)玉林藥(yao)市、廣(guang)州(zhou)的(de)(de)清平藥(yao)市等銷(xiao)售網絡,年銷(xiao)售建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)1000噸,產(chan)值1600萬元,出(chu)口(kou)創匯320萬元。
二.自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:建始(shi)縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)內硒(xi)(xi)(xi)資源出(chu)露面積(ji)近(jin)480平(ping)方公(gong)里,是國內連片面積(ji)最(zui)大、平(ping)均(jun)(jun)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)平(ping)含量最(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)富(fu)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)生(sheng)物圈,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)平(ping)含量17.7ppm,有“富(fu)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)王國”之稱;產(chan)區年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)溫度(du)16—20℃,年(nian)降雨量800—1800毫米(mi),相(xiang)(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)70—90%;我縣(xian)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)、二高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)均(jun)(jun)為山(shan)地黃壤(rang)、黃棕壤(rang),屬于相(xiang)(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)大、霧,陽光(guang)充足的(de)山(shan)地,并且土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃、含腐殖質(zhi)多(duo)、濕(shi)潤、疏松(song)、排水(shui)良好,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)屬于酸性(xing)、微酸性(xing)和中性(xing),其(qi)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)優越,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)、農用灌溉水(shui)和空氣質(zhi)量好,無工業“三廢”污染,從而(er)形(xing)成了建始(shi)厚樸獨(du)特的(de)生(sheng)長環境(jing)(jing)和品質(zhi)。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況:境內共有(you)大(da)小河(he)(he)(he)流104條,總(zong)長(chang)(chang)853.65公里。其中(zhong)主要河(he)(he)(he)流有(you)清江景陽河(he)(he)(he)段、野三河(he)(he)(he)、馬水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、太陽河(he)(he)(he)、東龍河(he)(he)(he)、閘木水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、刀(dao)龍河(he)(he)(he)、伍家河(he)(he)(he)、豬(zhu)耳(er)河(he)(he)(he)等10條,其中(zhong)流域面積在100平方公里以上的河(he)(he)(he)流有(you)5條。全(quan)縣(xian)共建中(zhong)型水(shui)庫(ku)兩座(zuo),小型水(shui)庫(ku)5座(zuo),小型水(shui)庫(ku)8座(zuo),堰(yan)塘(tang)1334口(kou),人畜飲水(shui)池(chi)5183口(kou),蓄水(shui)9500立方米,修(xiu)建渠道281條,長(chang)(chang)354.6公里,灌溉農田4萬畝(mu)。水(shui)源充(chong)足,水(shui)質好,無工業排水(shui)污染,有(you)利(li)于厚(hou)樸生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發育。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)情況:建始縣(xian)境內屬(shu)亞熱帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)濕潤(run)型(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)多偏(pian)(pian)南風(feng),冬季(ji)(ji)多偏(pian)(pian)北風(feng),雨量充沛,雨熱同季(ji)(ji),立體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)特(te)征十分(fen)顯著(zhu)。低山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)溫(wen)暖,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)260天,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)15.5℃;二高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)帶,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)溫(wen)涼,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)233天,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)13.1℃;高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)帶冬長(chang)夏(xia)短,春、秋無(wu)明顯區(qu)(qu)別,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)冷(leng)涼濕潤(run),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)203天,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)11.7℃。縣(xian)境年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)分(fen)布隨(sui)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)增高(gao)(gao)(gao)呈拋物線形,低山(shan)(shan)(shan)多,二高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)少,高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)又多。全年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu),只占可(ke)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(日照(zhao)百分(fen)率)的(de)30%左右(you),低山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)帶1400小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左右(you),平均(jun)每(mei)天3.8小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);二高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)帶1300小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左右(you),平均(jun)每(mei)天3.6小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)帶1500小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),平均(jun)每(mei)天4.1小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。縣(xian)境內年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量1400至2000毫米左右(you),隨(sui)地(di)域、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)變化(hua)而異。以地(di)域分(fen):縣(xian)境北部年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量為1400至2000毫米,各月平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)日均(jun)在15天左右(you);縣(xian)境相(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)和季(ji)(ji)節變化(hua)各異,相(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)基本上隨(sui)著(zhu)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)而增加,低山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)帶年(nian)(nian)均(jun)相(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)為80%,二高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)帶年(nian)(nian)均(jun)相(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)為82%,高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)帶年(nian)(nian)均(jun)相(xiang)對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)為85%。
三.地域范圍
建(jian)(jian)始(shi)縣(xian)隸屬湖北(bei)省恩(en)施(shi)土家族、苗族自治(zhi)州(zhou),位于(yu)鄂(e)西南山(shan)區北(bei)部,跨北(bei)緯30°06′至(zhi)30°54′,東經109°32′至(zhi)110°12′,東連巴東縣(xian),以野三河(he)為界;西接(jie)恩(en)施(shi)市(shi),以太(tai)陽河(he)為界;南鄰鶴峰縣(xian),以長(chang)河(he)、茶寮河(he)為界;北(bei)與重慶市(shi)巫(wu)山(shan)縣(xian)毗(pi)連;西北(bei)與重慶市(shi)奉節、巫(wu)山(shan)兩縣(xian)接(jie)壤(rang),建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚樸主要分(fen)布于(yu)建(jian)(jian)始(shi)縣(xian)境內(nei)的茅田鄉(xiang)、龍(long)坪鄉(xiang)、高坪鎮(zhen)、花坪鎮(zhen)、官店(dian)鎮(zhen)等(deng)10個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),是我縣(xian)地道藥材之一,區域(yu)面積(ji)26.6572萬公頃。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)厚樸種(zhong)植面積(ji)達(da)5萬畝,基地面積(ji)近1萬畝,年(nian)產量(liang)近3000噸。