一.產品介紹
建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)分布于(yu)建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)縣境內的(de)茅(mao)田鄉、龍坪鄉、高坪鎮、花坪鎮、官店鎮等(deng)10個(ge)鄉鎮,是我(wo)縣地(di)道(dao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)之一,區域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積26.6572萬(wan)(wan)公頃。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)產(chan)(chan)量高,樹(shu)皮(pi)較(jiao)其(qi)它品(pin)(pin)種厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)2-3mm,最(zui)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)達7mm,質(zhi)堅(jian)硬(ying),易折(zhe)斷(duan),斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)玻(bo)璃(li)狀(zhuang),含(han)(han)纖維少。氣芬香,味辛辣(la),樹(shu)齡25年(nian)以(yi)上的(de)樹(shu)皮(pi)達5-7mm,筒(tong)圍在(zai)18-25cm。外(wai)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)深褐色(se),粗糙(cao),有(you)(you)油(you)(you)性,有(you)(you)的(de)可(ke)(ke)見多數(shu)紫紅色(se)小亮星(xing),有(you)(you)時呈鱗片狀(zhuang),較(jiao)易剝(bo)落,有(you)(you)明顯(xian)(xian)橢圓(yuan)形皮(pi)孔和(he)(he)縱皺紋(wen),刮去粗皮(pi)者顯(xian)(xian)黃(huang)棕(zong)色(se)。內表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)皮(pi)為(wei)棕(zong)褐色(se)或棕(zong)色(se),較(jiao)平滑,具細密縱紋(wen),劃之顯(xian)(xian)油(you)(you)痕。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)樹(shu)皮(pi)、花、葉(xie)皆可(ke)(ke)入藥(yao)(yao)(yao),相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)和(he)(he)紫油(you)(you)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)更(geng)廣,并主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)保健(jian)及醫藥(yao)(yao)(yao)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)樹(shu)皮(pi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),油(you)(you)性含(han)(han)量高,酚類含(han)(han)量大。相對川厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)和(he)(he)紫油(you)(you)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)纖維含(han)(han)量少,強度弱,酚含(han)(han)量更(geng)高,為(wei)著名(ming)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao),有(you)(you)化濕導滯、化食(shi)消痰、驅風鎮痛之效。厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)葉(xie)大蔭濃(nong),味芬香,長(chang)可(ke)(ke)達25-30cm,寬可(ke)(ke)達10-15cm,可(ke)(ke)作為(wei)傳統食(shi)品(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)用(yong),包(bao)裝(zhuang)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)不粘連,并有(you)(you)防腐、保健(jian)的(de)作用(yong)。現被(bei)當地(di)經(jing)營大戶通(tong)過初級加工(gong)(gong)后(hou)出口(kou)到韓國(guo)、日本,作環保食(shi)品(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)原料。建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)屬(shu)于(yu)地(di)道(dao)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai),且歷(li)史悠久,分布廣泛,明正德(de)七年(nian)(1512)《夔(kui)州府(fu)志》建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)卷已有(you)(you)記載,并于(yu)2011年(nian)成功注冊“建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)”商(shang)標。近十年(nian)來建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)縣通(tong)過退(tui)耕還林工(gong)(gong)程、天保工(gong)(gong)程人工(gong)(gong)造(zao)林、退(tui)耕還林后(hou)續(xu)產(chan)(chan)業建(jian)(jian)設等(deng)林業重點工(gong)(gong)程,在(zai)建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)縣營造(zao)了5萬(wan)(wan)畝建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)基地(di)。已經(jing)形成了與安徽的(de)亳州藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)、河北的(de)安國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)、廣西的(de)玉(yu)林藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)、廣州的(de)清平藥(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)(shi)等(deng)銷售(shou)網絡,年(nian)銷售(shou)建(jian)(jian)始(shi)(shi)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)樸(pu)(pu)1000噸,產(chan)(chan)值1600萬(wan)(wan)元,出口(kou)創匯320萬(wan)(wan)元。
二.自然生態環(huan)境和(he)人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況:建始縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)內硒(xi)資源出露(lu)面積近480平(ping)(ping)方公里,是(shi)國內連(lian)片面積最(zui)大、平(ping)(ping)均硒(xi)水平(ping)(ping)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)高(gao)的富(fu)硒(xi)生物圈,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)平(ping)(ping)均硒(xi)水平(ping)(ping)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)17.7ppm,有“富(fu)硒(xi)王國”之(zhi)稱;產區年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)度16—20℃,年(nian)降雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)800—1800毫米,相對濕度70—90%;我(wo)縣(xian)高(gao)山、二高(gao)山地(di)區土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)均為山地(di)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang),屬(shu)于相對濕度大、霧,陽光充足的山地(di),并且(qie)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥沃(wo)、含(han)腐殖質多(duo)、濕潤、疏(shu)松、排水良好(hao),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)屬(shu)于酸性(xing)、微(wei)酸性(xing)和(he)中性(xing),其生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)優越,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、農用灌溉水和(he)空(kong)氣質量(liang)(liang)(liang)好(hao),無工業“三廢”污染,從而形成了建始厚樸獨特的生長環(huan)境(jing)(jing)和(he)品(pin)質。
2、水(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況(kuang):境內共有大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)104條(tiao),總長(chang)853.65公(gong)里(li)。其中主要河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有清江景(jing)陽河(he)(he)(he)段(duan)、野三(san)河(he)(he)(he)、馬水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、太陽河(he)(he)(he)、東龍(long)河(he)(he)(he)、閘木水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、刀(dao)龍(long)河(he)(he)(he)、伍家河(he)(he)(he)、豬耳河(he)(he)(he)等10條(tiao),其中流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積在100平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)以上的(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有5條(tiao)。全縣共建(jian)中型水(shui)庫兩座,小(xiao)(xiao)型水(shui)庫5座,小(xiao)(xiao)型水(shui)庫8座,堰塘1334口(kou),人畜飲水(shui)池(chi)5183口(kou),蓄(xu)水(shui)9500立方(fang)米,修建(jian)渠道(dao)281條(tiao),長(chang)354.6公(gong)里(li),灌溉農田4萬(wan)畝。水(shui)源充足,水(shui)質好,無工業排水(shui)污(wu)染,有利于厚樸生(sheng)長(chang)發育。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:建始縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內屬亞熱帶(dai)(dai)季(ji)風濕(shi)(shi)潤型山(shan)(shan)地(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),夏(xia)季(ji)多(duo)偏(pian)(pian)南風,冬季(ji)多(duo)偏(pian)(pian)北風,雨量充(chong)沛,雨熱同(tong)季(ji),立(li)體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特征十分(fen)顯(xian)著(zhu)。低(di)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)四季(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)暖,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)260天,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15.5℃;二(er)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶(dai)(dai),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)涼,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)233天,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)13.1℃;高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)冬長(chang)夏(xia)短,春(chun)、秋無明顯(xian)區(qu)別,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)冷(leng)涼濕(shi)(shi)潤,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)203天,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.7℃。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數分(fen)布隨(sui)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)增高(gao)(gao)呈(cheng)拋(pao)物線形,低(di)山(shan)(shan)多(duo),二(er)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)少,高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)又多(duo)。全年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數,只占可照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(日照(zhao)百(bai)分(fen)率)的30%左右,低(di)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)1400小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左右,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每天3.8小(xiao)時(shi)(shi);二(er)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)1300小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左右,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每天3.6小(xiao)時(shi)(shi);高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)1500小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)每天4.1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量1400至2000毫(hao)米(mi)左右,隨(sui)地(di)域(yu)、時(shi)(shi)間變(bian)化而(er)(er)異。以地(di)域(yu)分(fen):縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)北部年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量為1400至2000毫(hao)米(mi),各月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)日均(jun)(jun)在(zai)15天左右;縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)隨(sui)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)和季(ji)節(jie)變(bian)化各異,相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)基(ji)本上(shang)隨(sui)著(zhu)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)的升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)增加,低(di)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)為80%,二(er)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)為82%,高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)為85%。
三.地域范圍
建始(shi)縣(xian)隸屬湖北省恩施土(tu)家族、苗(miao)族自治州(zhou),位(wei)于(yu)鄂(e)西南山(shan)區北部,跨北緯30°06′至(zhi)30°54′,東(dong)經109°32′至(zhi)110°12′,東(dong)連巴東(dong)縣(xian),以(yi)野三(san)河為界(jie);西接恩施市(shi),以(yi)太陽河為界(jie);南鄰(lin)鶴峰(feng)縣(xian),以(yi)長河、茶寮河為界(jie);北與(yu)重慶(qing)市(shi)巫山(shan)縣(xian)毗連;西北與(yu)重慶(qing)市(shi)奉節、巫山(shan)兩縣(xian)接壤,建始(shi)厚樸主(zhu)要分布(bu)于(yu)建始(shi)縣(xian)境內的茅田鄉(xiang)、龍坪鄉(xiang)、高坪鎮、花坪鎮、官店鎮等10個鄉(xiang)鎮,是我(wo)縣(xian)地道藥材之一,區域面(mian)(mian)積26.6572萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。建始(shi)厚樸種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積達5萬(wan)畝(mu),基(ji)地面(mian)(mian)積近1萬(wan)畝(mu),年產量近3000噸。