以臨湘市龍(long)窖山地域范圍(wei)內所產瘤狀莖用芥(jie)菜、蘿(luo)卜、山泉水為原(yuan)料,采用當地特(te)定工藝制成的,具有鮮、香(xiang)、嫩、脆、辣(la)獨(du)特(te)風味的鹽漬(zi)醬菜。
中(zhong)文名(ming):龍(long)窖醬菜 英文名(ming):Longjiao pickled vegetables主(zhu)要原料:榨(zha)菜、蘿(luo)卜 營養成分(fen):富含維(wei)生素(su)B1、谷氨酸(suan)和(he)鐵、鋅(xin)、錳等(deng)微量元素(su)
名稱來歷
龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)因(yin)龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)而得名,主要(yao)包括榨菜(cai)(cai)和蘿(luo)卜(bu)兩個(ge)品種(zhong)。據考證(zheng)龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是瑤文(wen)化(hua)的(de)發源地(di),位于湖(hu)南(nan)省臨(lin)湘(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)市區(qu)東南(nan),一直(zhi)是醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)主產區(qu),以盛(sheng)產龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)出(chu)名。臨(lin)湘(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屬幕阜山(shan)(shan)(shan)余(yu)脈,山(shan)(shan)(shan)林面積10.5萬(wan)畝,最高(gao)峰海拔(ba)1261.1米,山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢高(gao)峻、澗深(shen)洞長、蜿蜒(yan)百里,是為(wei)避難秘地(di)、世外桃源。瑤胞們在這里留下了令人嘆為(wei)觀止(zhi)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)。這個(ge)“養(yang)在深(shen)閨人未識”的(de)瑤族理想(xiang)家園“千(qian)家峒(tong)”原來就在湖(hu)南(nan)臨(lin)湘(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),遺(yi)(yi)存的(de)大(da)量石器和種(zhong)植物種(zhong),龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈內家家戶戶都有腌制(zhi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)傳統習(xi)慣(guan)。龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈在臨(lin)湘(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)境(jing)內蜿蜒(yan)起伏,龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)水源現(xian)已成為(wei)臨(lin)湘(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)市的(de)飲用取水源,不僅(jin)惠澤(ze)臨(lin)湘(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)市內,還輻射到周邊的(de)縣區(qu),龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)就是這些(xie)燦爛歷史文(wen)化(hua)的(de)一種(zhong)延續(xu)。
歷史淵源
龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產歷史(shi)悠久,最早可追溯到神(shen)(shen)(shen)農嘗(chang)百(bai)(bai)草(cao)(cao)的(de)傳說,一(yi)日(ri)(ri)來到洞(dong)庭湖東畔(pan),幕阜山(shan)余脈(mo)一(yi)處(chu)(今湖南(nan)臨湘龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)山(shan)),但(dan)見瀑布飛瀉,林(lin)木蔥郁,奇花異草(cao)(cao)滿(man)山(shan)遍野,甚(shen)感(gan)好(hao)(hao)山(shan)好(hao)(hao)景,環顧山(shan)野住民(min),卻是饑不(bu)(bu)裹腹,哀鴻遍野,神(shen)(shen)(shen)農氏百(bai)(bai)思不(bu)(bu)得其解,看此(ci)(ci)處(chu)土地(di)肥沃,氣候(hou)宜人(ren),但(dan)是百(bai)(bai)姓生(sheng)活卻十(shi)分艱辛。尋人(ren)細問,原來此(ci)(ci)處(chu)確實物產豐(feng)富(fu),但(dan)每到春(chun)末(mo)夏(xia)初,正是青(qing)黃不(bu)(bu)接(jie)之時,冬(dong)季作(zuo)物已衰敗,春(chun)季作(zuo)物尚未長(chang)成,人(ren)們無(wu)處(chu)取食(shi),神(shen)(shen)(shen)農氏了解原委(wei)后(hou),就在山(shan)野找一(yi)石(shi)洞(dong)暫居下來,隨村(cun)民(min)一(yi)起日(ri)(ri)出而作(zuo),日(ri)(ri)落而息,大量種植谷物與蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai),待到豐(feng)收之時,教(jiao)村(cun)民(min)將谷物曬干囤積,將蘿卜、榨菜(cai)(cai)(cai)等蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)采(cai)摘灑鹽置于石(shi)洞(dong)中(zhong)扎緊保(bao)存(cun)。到來年(nian)青(qing)黃不(bu)(bu)接(jie)時,開窖(jiao)取菜(cai)(cai)(cai),則醬(jiang)(jiang)香撲鼻,菜(cai)(cai)(cai)體完(wan)好(hao)(hao),從(cong)此(ci)(ci)鄉民(min)無(wu)食(shi)物之憂。當(dang)(dang)地(di)村(cun)民(min)為(wei)感(gan)謝(xie)神(shen)(shen)(shen)農氏恩德,便將神(shen)(shen)(shen)農氏當(dang)(dang)年(nian)所(suo)居石(shi)洞(dong)稱為(wei)“龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)”,將神(shen)(shen)(shen)農氏窖(jiao)藏之法所(suo)得的(de)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)稱之為(wei)“龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)”。從(cong)此(ci)(ci)以后(hou)家(jia)家(jia)戶戶都將吃不(bu)(bu)完(wan)的(de)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)按此(ci)(ci)法進行儲(chu)藏蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai),“龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)”也從(cong)此(ci)(ci)流傳至今。
關(guan)于龍(long)窖醬菜制作(zuo)的歷史(shi)十分久遠,已(yi)無(wu)從考證(zheng),據臨湘(xiang)鄉間(jian)(jian)盛傳的民間(jian)(jian)傳說(shuo)在(zai)三國時(shi)期就有(you)早(zao)期龍(long)窖醬菜制作(zuo)過(guo)程和故事(shi)的記載:公元208年,三國東吳大將黃蓋臨危受命,秘密進(jin)駐下雋縣(今(jin)湖南省臨湘(xiang)市)。這里湖泊浩渺,湖垸眾(zhong)多(duo),黃蓋在(zai)此操(cao)練水軍(jun)(jun),當時(shi)軍(jun)(jun)需(xu)物資潰(kui)乏,既備(bei)戰(zhan)又備(bei)荒,將士(shi)們生產大量糧1蔬,以(yi)應(ying)戰(zhan)時(shi)之需(xu)。為(wei)戰(zhan)備(bei)需(xu)要他們將蔬菜進(jin)行(xing)腌制,用土壇裝(zhuang)好(hao),和黃泥密封,埋(mai)于山邊(bian)湖畔,經(jing)七七四十九天后取出,將士(shi)食(shi)之味(wei)口頓開(kai),士(shi)氣大振。三國相爭(zheng),都以(yi)真龍(long)天子自(zi)居,因此軍(jun)(jun)中(zhong)以(yi)龍(long)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)窖藏,此地又靠近龍(long)窖山,因此得名(ming)(ming)龍(long)窖醬菜。
但根據現(xian)可(ke)(ke)查證的資料可(ke)(ke)追溯到宋代,宋代范致(zhi)明《岳(yue)陽風(feng)土記》:“龍(long)窖山(shan)在(臨湘(xiang))縣東南,按鄂州崇陽縣,雷家(jia)洞、石門洞,山(shan)極(ji)深遠。其(qi)間居(ju)民(min)謂之鳥鄉,語言侏(zhu)離,以耕畬(yu)為(wei)業,磨豆(dou)腌菜為(wei)食(shi)。非市鹽茶不入城(cheng)市邑,亦無貢賦,蓋山(shan)瑤人也。”再是(shi)宋馬子嚴《岳(yue)陽甲志》:“龍(long)窖山(shan)在巴陵北,山(shan)實峻(jun)極(ji)。山(shan)有(you)(you)雷洞,有(you)(you)石門之洞,山(shan)瑤居(ju)之,自耕而食(shi),植蔬植豆(dou),自織(zhi)而衣”。
據(ju)康熙《臨湘縣志》記(ji)載:黃(huang)蓋(gai)湖產醬(jiang)菜(cai),曰龍窖,歲貢九壇(tan)。
生(sheng)產(chan)地域地理特征
該(gai)地域位于湖南省東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部,長江中游南岸,地處北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯29°10′~29°52′、東(dong)經113°15′~113°45′。地處北(bei)(bei)(bei)亞熱(re)帶氣候(hou)帶,屬于亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)性濕(shi)(shi)潤氣候(hou),氣候(hou)溫和(he)濕(shi)(shi)潤,雨(yu)量充沛(pei),四季分(fen)明(ming)。春季溫暖,陰濕(shi)(shi)多雨(yu),常為春雨(yu)綿綿,麻(ma)雨(yu)稀稀的(de)天(tian)氣。夏無酷暑,盛吹南風(feng)。秋季涼(liang)爽,時有(you)小(xiao)雨(yu)。冬(dong)季冷(leng)濕(shi)(shi)無嚴寒,平(ping)均氣溫小(xiao)于或等于0℃,每年不超過5天(tian),晴朗(lang)天(tian)氣,時有(you)小(xiao)雨(yu)。這(zhe)種氣候(hou)條件十分(fen)適宜(yi)農作物、蔬菜(cai)(cai)、豆(dou)類的(de)生長,也為醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)發酵提(ti)供(gong)了天(tian)然的(de)環境。
因(yin)(yin)長(chang)期受自然(ran)因(yin)(yin)素和人為因(yin)(yin)素等(deng)影響,擬保護區域內內紅壤和黃棕壤,土(tu)層深厚(hou),養分(fen)豐(feng)富,呈酸性及(ji)弱(ruo)酸性,有(you)機含量較(jiao)高(gao),十分(fen)有(you)利于榨(zha)菜和蘿卜等(deng)蔬(shu)菜的生(sheng)長(chang)。土(tu)壤富含養分(fen)量及(ji)水平分(fen)別為:有(you)機質31.5 g/kg、有(you)效磷17 mg/kg、速效鉀69mg/kg、全(quan)氮2.0 g/kg、堿解氮189 mg/kg,特別有(you)利于種植(zhi)蔬(shu)菜等(deng)植(zhi)物。新鮮的蔬(shu)菜原料,特定環境下的傳統(tong)工藝,使龍窖醬菜鮮嫰爽脆的獨有(you)風味。
質量特色
龍窖醬(jiang)菜(cai)具有“色澤光亮,壇(tan)香(xiang)綿(mian)長(chang),爽脆可口,咸淡適(shi)中”的獨特品(pin)質,醬(jiang)菜(cai)外觀顏色鮮亮有光澤,經窖藏(zang)發(fa)酵后壇(tan)香(xiang)味(wei)濃郁,嘗之口感鮮爽脆嫩,咸淡適(shi)中,余味(wei)綿(mian)長(chang)。