以臨湘市龍窖山地域范圍(wei)內(nei)所(suo)產(chan)瘤狀(zhuang)莖用(yong)芥菜(cai)、蘿卜、山泉(quan)水為原料,采(cai)用(yong)當地特定工(gong)藝制成(cheng)的,具有鮮(xian)、香、嫩、脆、辣獨特風味的鹽漬醬菜(cai)。
中文名(ming):龍(long)窖醬菜 英(ying)文名(ming):Longjiao pickled vegetables主要原料:榨菜、蘿卜(bu) 營(ying)養成分:富含維(wei)生素(su)B1、谷氨酸和(he)鐵、鋅、錳(meng)等微量元素(su)
名稱來歷
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)(jiang)菜因(yin)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖山(shan)(shan)(shan)而得名,主要包括榨菜和蘿卜(bu)兩個(ge)品種。據考證龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)瑤(yao)文化的(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di),位于湖南(nan)省臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)市(shi)區(qu)東(dong)南(nan),一直(zhi)是(shi)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜的(de)主產區(qu),以盛產龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)(jiang)菜出名。臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖山(shan)(shan)(shan)屬幕阜山(shan)(shan)(shan)余脈(mo),山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)面(mian)積10.5萬畝,最高峰海拔1261.1米,山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢高峻(jun)、澗深洞長、蜿(wan)蜒(yan)百里(li)(li),是(shi)為避難秘地(di)、世外桃源(yuan)。瑤(yao)胞(bao)們在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)(li)留下(xia)了令(ling)人(ren)嘆為觀(guan)止的(de)文化遺跡(ji)。這(zhe)個(ge)“養(yang)在(zai)深閨人(ren)未識(shi)”的(de)瑤(yao)族理想家(jia)園“千家(jia)峒”原(yuan)來就(jiu)在(zai)湖南(nan)臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang),遺存(cun)的(de)大量石器和種植物種,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)內(nei)(nei)家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)戶(hu)都有(you)腌制蔬菜的(de)傳統習慣(guan)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)在(zai)臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)蜿(wan)蜒(yan)起伏,龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖水(shui)源(yuan)現已成為臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)市(shi)的(de)飲用取水(shui)源(yuan),不僅惠澤(ze)臨(lin)(lin)湘(xiang)市(shi)內(nei)(nei),還(huan)輻(fu)射到(dao)周邊的(de)縣區(qu),龍(long)(long)(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)(jiang)菜就(jiu)是(shi)這(zhe)些燦爛歷史文化的(de)一種延續。
歷史淵源
龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)生產歷史悠久,最早(zao)可追溯到(dao)神農嘗百(bai)草的(de)(de)傳說,一(yi)日(ri)來(lai)到(dao)洞庭湖(hu)(hu)東畔,幕(mu)阜山(shan)(shan)余脈一(yi)處(chu)(今湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)臨湘龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)),但(dan)見(jian)瀑布(bu)飛瀉(xie),林木蔥郁,奇花(hua)異草滿(man)山(shan)(shan)遍野(ye)(ye),甚感好山(shan)(shan)好景(jing),環顧山(shan)(shan)野(ye)(ye)住民(min)(min),卻(que)是(shi)饑不(bu)裹(guo)腹,哀(ai)鴻(hong)遍野(ye)(ye),神農氏(shi)百(bai)思不(bu)得其解,看此(ci)(ci)處(chu)土地(di)肥沃(wo),氣候宜人(ren),但(dan)是(shi)百(bai)姓生活卻(que)十分艱辛。尋人(ren)細問,原(yuan)來(lai)此(ci)(ci)處(chu)確實物產豐(feng)富(fu),但(dan)每到(dao)春末夏初,正是(shi)青黃不(bu)接之(zhi)時,冬季作物已衰敗(bai),春季作物尚未長成,人(ren)們無處(chu)取食,神農氏(shi)了(le)解原(yuan)委后(hou),就在山(shan)(shan)野(ye)(ye)找一(yi)石(shi)(shi)洞暫居(ju)下來(lai),隨村民(min)(min)一(yi)起日(ri)出而作,日(ri)落而息,大(da)量(liang)種(zhong)植谷物與蔬菜(cai)(cai),待到(dao)豐(feng)收(shou)之(zhi)時,教村民(min)(min)將(jiang)谷物曬干囤積,將(jiang)蘿(luo)卜、榨菜(cai)(cai)等蔬菜(cai)(cai)采摘灑鹽(yan)置于石(shi)(shi)洞中扎緊保存(cun)。到(dao)來(lai)年(nian)青黃不(bu)接時,開(kai)窖(jiao)(jiao)取菜(cai)(cai),則醬香撲鼻,菜(cai)(cai)體(ti)完(wan)好,從此(ci)(ci)鄉民(min)(min)無食物之(zhi)憂。當(dang)地(di)村民(min)(min)為感謝神農氏(shi)恩德,便將(jiang)神農氏(shi)當(dang)年(nian)所(suo)居(ju)石(shi)(shi)洞稱為“龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)”,將(jiang)神農氏(shi)窖(jiao)(jiao)藏之(zhi)法所(suo)得的(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)稱之(zhi)為“龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)”。從此(ci)(ci)以后(hou)家家戶戶都(dou)將(jiang)吃(chi)不(bu)完(wan)的(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)按(an)此(ci)(ci)法進行(xing)儲藏蔬菜(cai)(cai),“龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)”也(ye)從此(ci)(ci)流傳至今。
關于龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)歷史(shi)十(shi)分久遠,已無從考證,據臨湘鄉(xiang)間盛傳的(de)民間傳說在三(san)國時期就有早期龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)制(zhi)作(zuo)過(guo)程和故(gu)事的(de)記載:公元208年(nian),三(san)國東吳(wu)大將黃(huang)蓋臨危受命,秘(mi)密進駐下(xia)雋縣(今湖(hu)南省臨湘市)。這里湖(hu)泊(bo)浩渺,湖(hu)垸眾多,黃(huang)蓋在此(ci)操練水(shui)軍,當時軍需物資潰乏,既備戰(zhan)又備荒,將士們(men)生產大量(liang)糧1蔬(shu),以應戰(zhan)時之需。為戰(zhan)備需要(yao)他們(men)將蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)進行腌制(zhi),用土壇裝好,和黃(huang)泥密封(feng),埋于山(shan)邊湖(hu)畔,經(jing)七七四(si)十(shi)九天(tian)后取(qu)出,將士食之味口頓開,士氣大振。三(san)國相爭,都以真龍(long)天(tian)子自居,因此(ci)軍中以龍(long)為名窖(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)藏,此(ci)地又靠近龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)山(shan),因此(ci)得名龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)。
但(dan)根據現可(ke)查(cha)證(zheng)的(de)資料可(ke)追溯(su)到(dao)宋代,宋代范致明(ming)《岳陽(yang)風土記(ji)》:“龍(long)窖山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(臨(lin)湘)縣東南,按鄂州崇陽(yang)縣,雷家洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、石門洞(dong)(dong)(dong),山(shan)(shan)極深遠。其間居(ju)民謂之(zhi)鳥鄉,語言侏離(li),以耕畬為業,磨豆(dou)(dou)腌菜為食。非市鹽茶不(bu)入(ru)城(cheng)市邑(yi),亦(yi)無(wu)貢賦,蓋山(shan)(shan)瑤(yao)人(ren)也(ye)。”再(zai)是宋馬子嚴《岳陽(yang)甲志》:“龍(long)窖山(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)巴陵(ling)北,山(shan)(shan)實峻極。山(shan)(shan)有(you)雷洞(dong)(dong)(dong),有(you)石門之(zhi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),山(shan)(shan)瑤(yao)居(ju)之(zhi),自耕而食,植蔬植豆(dou)(dou),自織而衣”。
據康(kang)熙《臨湘縣志》記載:黃蓋湖產醬菜(cai),曰龍窖,歲貢(gong)九壇。
生產地(di)域地(di)理特(te)征
該地域位于湖南(nan)省(sheng)東(dong)北部(bu),長江中(zhong)游南(nan)岸,地處(chu)北緯29°10′~29°52′、東(dong)經113°15′~113°45′。地處(chu)北亞熱帶(dai)氣候(hou)(hou)帶(dai),屬于亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風性濕潤氣候(hou)(hou),氣候(hou)(hou)溫和濕潤,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)充沛,四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明。春季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫暖(nuan),陰濕多雨(yu)(yu),常為春雨(yu)(yu)綿(mian)綿(mian),麻雨(yu)(yu)稀稀的(de)天氣。夏無酷暑(shu),盛(sheng)吹南(nan)風。秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)涼爽,時有小(xiao)雨(yu)(yu)。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)冷濕無嚴寒,平均氣溫小(xiao)于或等(deng)于0℃,每年不超過5天,晴朗天氣,時有小(xiao)雨(yu)(yu)。這種氣候(hou)(hou)條件十分適宜(yi)農作物、蔬菜、豆類的(de)生長,也(ye)為醬菜發酵提供了天然(ran)的(de)環境。
因(yin)長期受自然因(yin)素和(he)人為因(yin)素等影響,擬保護區域(yu)內(nei)內(nei)紅壤(rang)和(he)黃棕壤(rang),土層(ceng)深(shen)厚,養分(fen)(fen)豐(feng)富(fu),呈酸(suan)性(xing)及弱酸(suan)性(xing),有機含量(liang)較高,十分(fen)(fen)有利(li)于榨菜(cai)(cai)和(he)蘿(luo)卜等蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)生長。土壤(rang)富(fu)含養分(fen)(fen)量(liang)及水(shui)平分(fen)(fen)別為:有機質(zhi)31.5 g/kg、有效磷17 mg/kg、速效鉀69mg/kg、全氮2.0 g/kg、堿解氮189 mg/kg,特(te)別有利(li)于種(zhong)植(zhi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)等植(zhi)物。新鮮(xian)的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)原料,特(te)定環境下的(de)傳(chuan)統工藝(yi),使(shi)龍窖醬菜(cai)(cai)鮮(xian)嫰爽脆(cui)的(de)獨有風(feng)味。
質量特色
龍窖(jiao)醬菜具有“色澤光(guang)(guang)亮,壇(tan)香綿(mian)長(chang),爽脆可口(kou),咸淡(dan)(dan)適(shi)中”的獨(du)特品質,醬菜外(wai)觀顏色鮮(xian)亮有光(guang)(guang)澤,經窖(jiao)藏(zang)發(fa)酵后(hou)壇(tan)香味濃郁,嘗之口(kou)感鮮(xian)爽脆嫩,咸淡(dan)(dan)適(shi)中,余味綿(mian)長(chang)。