以臨湘(xiang)市龍窖山地域(yu)范(fan)圍內所(suo)產瘤狀莖用(yong)芥菜(cai)、蘿卜(bu)、山泉水(shui)為原(yuan)料(liao),采用(yong)當地特定(ding)工(gong)藝制成的,具有鮮、香、嫩、脆、辣獨特風(feng)味的鹽漬醬(jiang)菜(cai)。
中文名:龍窖醬菜(cai) 英文名:Longjiao pickled vegetables主要原料:榨菜(cai)、蘿卜 營養成分:富含(han)維生素(su)B1、谷(gu)氨酸和(he)鐵、鋅、錳等微(wei)量(liang)元素(su)
名稱來歷
龍(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)因龍(long)(long)窖山(shan)而得名,主要包括榨菜(cai)(cai)和蘿(luo)卜兩個品種。據考證龍(long)(long)窖山(shan)是(shi)瑤(yao)文化(hua)的發源地,位于湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)臨(lin)湘(xiang)市區(qu)(qu)東南(nan),一直(zhi)是(shi)醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)的主產區(qu)(qu),以盛(sheng)產龍(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)出名。臨(lin)湘(xiang)龍(long)(long)窖山(shan)屬(shu)幕阜山(shan)余脈,山(shan)林面積10.5萬畝,最(zui)高峰海拔1261.1米,山(shan)勢高峻、澗深洞長、蜿(wan)蜒百里,是(shi)為避(bi)難秘(mi)地、世外桃源。瑤(yao)胞(bao)們在這(zhe)里留下(xia)了令(ling)人嘆(tan)為觀止(zhi)的文化(hua)遺跡。這(zhe)個“養在深閨(gui)人未識”的瑤(yao)族理想家園“千家峒”原來就在湖(hu)南(nan)臨(lin)湘(xiang),遺存的大量石(shi)器和種植物種,龍(long)(long)窖山(shan)脈內家家戶戶都有腌(a)制蔬菜(cai)(cai)的傳統(tong)習慣(guan)。龍(long)(long)窖山(shan)脈在臨(lin)湘(xiang)境內蜿(wan)蜒起伏,龍(long)(long)窖水源現(xian)已成為臨(lin)湘(xiang)市的飲用取水源,不僅惠澤臨(lin)湘(xiang)市內,還輻射到周(zhou)邊(bian)的縣區(qu)(qu),龍(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)菜(cai)(cai)就是(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)燦(can)爛歷史文化(hua)的一種延續。
歷史淵源
龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)生產歷(li)史悠(you)久,最早可(ke)追溯到神(shen)農嘗百草的傳說,一(yi)日(ri)來(lai)到洞(dong)庭湖東畔,幕阜(fu)山余脈一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(今湖南臨湘龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山),但見瀑布飛瀉,林(lin)木蔥郁,奇(qi)花異草滿山遍野,甚感好山好景,環顧山野住民,卻是饑不(bu)裹(guo)腹,哀(ai)鴻遍野,神(shen)農氏(shi)百思不(bu)得其解,看此(ci)(ci)處(chu)(chu)土地肥(fei)沃,氣候(hou)宜人(ren)(ren),但是百姓生活卻十分艱辛。尋(xun)人(ren)(ren)細問,原(yuan)來(lai)此(ci)(ci)處(chu)(chu)確實物產豐(feng)(feng)富,但每到春(chun)末夏初(chu),正(zheng)是青黃不(bu)接(jie)之時(shi),冬季(ji)作(zuo)物已衰敗,春(chun)季(ji)作(zuo)物尚未長成,人(ren)(ren)們無(wu)處(chu)(chu)取食,神(shen)農氏(shi)了解原(yuan)委后,就在山野找一(yi)石(shi)洞(dong)暫(zan)居下來(lai),隨村(cun)(cun)民一(yi)起(qi)日(ri)出而(er)作(zuo),日(ri)落(luo)而(er)息,大量種植谷(gu)(gu)物與蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai),待到豐(feng)(feng)收之時(shi),教村(cun)(cun)民將(jiang)谷(gu)(gu)物曬干囤積,將(jiang)蘿卜、榨(zha)菜(cai)(cai)等蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)采摘灑鹽置于石(shi)洞(dong)中扎緊保(bao)存。到來(lai)年(nian)青黃不(bu)接(jie)時(shi),開窖(jiao)(jiao)取菜(cai)(cai),則醬香撲鼻(bi),菜(cai)(cai)體(ti)完好,從(cong)(cong)此(ci)(ci)鄉民無(wu)食物之憂。當(dang)地村(cun)(cun)民為(wei)(wei)感謝(xie)神(shen)農氏(shi)恩德(de),便將(jiang)神(shen)農氏(shi)當(dang)年(nian)所居石(shi)洞(dong)稱為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)”,將(jiang)神(shen)農氏(shi)窖(jiao)(jiao)藏(zang)之法所得的蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)稱之為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)”。從(cong)(cong)此(ci)(ci)以后家家戶戶都將(jiang)吃不(bu)完的蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)按此(ci)(ci)法進行儲藏(zang)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai),“龍(long)(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)”也從(cong)(cong)此(ci)(ci)流傳至今。
關于龍(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)菜(cai)制作的(de)歷史(shi)十分久遠,已無從考證(zheng),據臨湘鄉間(jian)盛傳(chuan)的(de)民間(jian)傳(chuan)說在(zai)三國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期就(jiu)有早期龍(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)菜(cai)制作過程(cheng)和故事的(de)記(ji)載:公元208年,三國(guo)東吳大將(jiang)黃(huang)蓋臨危受命,秘密進駐下雋縣(今湖南省臨湘市)。這里湖泊(bo)浩(hao)渺(miao),湖垸眾多,黃(huang)蓋在(zai)此(ci)(ci)操練(lian)水軍,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)軍需物(wu)資潰乏,既備(bei)戰又(you)備(bei)荒,將(jiang)士(shi)們生產大量糧1蔬,以(yi)應戰時(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)需。為戰備(bei)需要他們將(jiang)蔬菜(cai)進行腌(a)制,用(yong)土(tu)壇裝(zhuang)好,和黃(huang)泥密封,埋于山邊湖畔,經七七四十九天后取出,將(jiang)士(shi)食之(zhi)(zhi)味口頓開,士(shi)氣大振。三國(guo)相爭,都以(yi)真龍(long)(long)天子自(zi)居(ju),因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)軍中以(yi)龍(long)(long)為名窖藏,此(ci)(ci)地又(you)靠近龍(long)(long)窖山,因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)得名龍(long)(long)窖醬(jiang)菜(cai)。
但根據現(xian)可(ke)查證(zheng)的資(zi)料可(ke)追溯到宋(song)代(dai),宋(song)代(dai)范致明(ming)《岳陽(yang)風土記》:“龍(long)窖(jiao)山在(臨湘)縣東南,按鄂(e)州崇陽(yang)縣,雷家(jia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、石(shi)(shi)門洞(dong)(dong)(dong),山極(ji)深遠。其間居(ju)民謂之鳥鄉(xiang),語言侏離,以耕畬為業(ye),磨豆腌菜為食(shi)。非(fei)市鹽(yan)茶(cha)不入城市邑,亦無貢(gong)賦,蓋山瑤人也。”再是(shi)宋(song)馬(ma)子嚴《岳陽(yang)甲志》:“龍(long)窖(jiao)山在巴陵北,山實峻極(ji)。山有雷洞(dong)(dong)(dong),有石(shi)(shi)門之洞(dong)(dong)(dong),山瑤居(ju)之,自(zi)耕而(er)食(shi),植(zhi)蔬植(zhi)豆,自(zi)織而(er)衣”。
據(ju)康熙《臨湘(xiang)縣志》記載:黃蓋湖產醬(jiang)菜,曰龍(long)窖,歲貢(gong)九壇。
生產地域地理(li)特征
該地(di)域位于(yu)湖南省(sheng)東北部,長(chang)江中游南岸,地(di)處(chu)北緯29°10′~29°52′、東經113°15′~113°45′。地(di)處(chu)北亞熱帶氣候帶,屬于(yu)亞熱帶季(ji)風性(xing)濕潤(run)氣候,氣候溫(wen)和濕潤(run),雨(yu)(yu)量充沛(pei),四季(ji)分明。春(chun)季(ji)溫(wen)暖,陰濕多(duo)雨(yu)(yu),常為春(chun)雨(yu)(yu)綿(mian)綿(mian),麻(ma)雨(yu)(yu)稀(xi)稀(xi)的天(tian)氣。夏(xia)無(wu)(wu)酷暑(shu),盛吹南風。秋季(ji)涼(liang)爽,時(shi)有(you)(you)小雨(yu)(yu)。冬季(ji)冷濕無(wu)(wu)嚴寒,平均氣溫(wen)小于(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)0℃,每年不超過5天(tian),晴朗天(tian)氣,時(shi)有(you)(you)小雨(yu)(yu)。這種氣候條件十分適宜農(nong)作物、蔬菜(cai)、豆類的生(sheng)長(chang),也(ye)為醬(jiang)菜(cai)發酵提供了(le)天(tian)然(ran)的環境。
因長期受自然(ran)因素(su)和人為(wei)因素(su)等(deng)影響,擬保護(hu)區域(yu)內內紅壤(rang)和黃(huang)棕壤(rang),土(tu)層深厚,養分(fen)豐(feng)富,呈酸性及(ji)弱酸性,有(you)(you)(you)機含量(liang)較高,十分(fen)有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)榨菜(cai)和蘿卜等(deng)蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)生長。土(tu)壤(rang)富含養分(fen)量(liang)及(ji)水平分(fen)別為(wei):有(you)(you)(you)機質31.5 g/kg、有(you)(you)(you)效磷17 mg/kg、速效鉀69mg/kg、全氮2.0 g/kg、堿解(jie)氮189 mg/kg,特(te)別有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)種(zhong)植蔬(shu)菜(cai)等(deng)植物。新(xin)鮮(xian)的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)原(yuan)料(liao),特(te)定環境(jing)下的(de)傳(chuan)統工(gong)藝,使龍窖(jiao)醬菜(cai)鮮(xian)嫰爽脆的(de)獨有(you)(you)(you)風味。
質量特色
龍窖醬菜具有“色澤光(guang)亮,壇香(xiang)綿長,爽脆(cui)可口,咸淡(dan)適中”的(de)獨(du)特品(pin)質(zhi),醬菜外觀顏色鮮(xian)(xian)亮有光(guang)澤,經(jing)窖藏發酵后壇香(xiang)味(wei)濃郁,嘗之口感鮮(xian)(xian)爽脆(cui)嫩,咸淡(dan)適中,余(yu)味(wei)綿長。