一.產品介紹
“義(yi)(yi)(yi)井(jing)(jing)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)”產(chan)于山西省(sheng)忻(xin)(xin)州市忻(xin)(xin)府區(qu),生(sheng)產(chan)歷史(shi)悠久。據(ju)《忻(xin)(xin)縣志》記載:“俗稱甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、小瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。忻(xin)(xin)縣甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)種甚多,主(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)種有燈籠紅、綠(lv)節(jie)翠(cui)、梨翠(cui)、蛤蟆皮(pi)(pi)、柳葉青(qing)、黑皮(pi)(pi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、白蘭瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)等,種植面積(ji)較大,產(chan)量多,香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)可(ke)口,以曹村灘上、高城、義(yi)(yi)(yi)井(jing)(jing)所產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)燈籠紅,逯家莊的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)節(jie)翠(cui)等瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)質較佳(jia)。”忻(xin)(xin)州素以盛(sheng)產(chan)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)聞名,北義(yi)(yi)(yi)井(jing)(jing)鄉更是(shi)忻(xin)(xin)州香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)中心(xin)產(chan)區(qu),有“堿地(di)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)中極(ji)品(pin)”之稱。“義(yi)(yi)(yi)井(jing)(jing)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)”上市季節(jie)在七月份,走在田間即可(ke)聞到(dao)濃(nong)郁的(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)香(xiang)(xiang)。“游五(wu)臺山圣境,吃北義(yi)(yi)(yi)井(jing)(jing)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。” 這是(shi)忻(xin)(xin)府區(qu)北義(yi)(yi)(yi)井(jing)(jing)村的(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)農們自(zi)擬(ni)的(de)(de)(de)廣告詞。近年來,每到(dao)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)收(shou)獲(huo)的(de)(de)(de)季節(jie),忻(xin)(xin)臺線義(yi)(yi)(yi)井(jing)(jing)段公路兩旁瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)棚林立,隨著飄逸的(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)香(xiang)(xiang),義(yi)(yi)(yi)井(jing)(jing)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)名氣也(ye)傳到(dao)了四(si)面八方。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang):境(jing)內全部為平(ping)川地(di)帶,屬二(er)級階地(di),90%為壤(rang)土(tu)和粘(zhan)土(tu),有10%為沙壤(rang)土(tu)。產地(di)土(tu)壤(rang)的PH值在(zai)6.5-7.5之間,土(tu)地(di)肥沃排灌系統發達,是種植甜瓜得天(tian)獨厚的自然條件。
2、水文情況(kuang):年降雨量(liang)462.5毫米,其中的(de)7、8月份為降雨高峰。適宜(yi)甜瓜增產和品(pin)質提高。境內有牧馬河(he)、云中河(he)、兩大河(he)系貫穿東(dong)西,地下(xia)水資源比較豐富(fu)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):義井甜瓜產地屬大陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)候,氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)四季分(fen)明,雨(yu)量(liang)適中,無霜期(qi)140天左右(you),光照(zhao)充(chong)足,年(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)3051.3℃-3490.2℃之間,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)為2677.7小時(shi),日(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)為61%。一年(nian)(nian)中的5、6月份(fen)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)最多,累(lei)計月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)時(shi)數(shu)在(zai)270小時(shi)以上,正(zheng)是甜瓜生長積累(lei)糖(tang)份(fen)的最佳時(shi)期(qi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)10℃左右(you)。
三.地域范圍
山(shan)西省忻(xin)州(zhou)市忻(xin)府區北(bei)義井鄉南(nan)義井、北(bei)義井、北(bei)湖、安邑、真檀、曹家莊(zhuang)、高家莊(zhuang)、張莊(zhuang)8個行政村。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)東經112°47′94″~112°50′24.33″,北(bei)緯38°26′0.299″~38°28′44.84″。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官特(te)征(zheng):義(yi)井(jing)甜瓜(gua)個(ge)體均勻,含(han)糖(tang)量高(gao),色鮮、味美(mei),香(xiang)甜爽(shuang)口,并有香(xiang)、脆、沙的獨特(te)品味,食用品質好(hao)。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標:由(you)于義井(jing)特(te)定的天然(ran)氧吧(ba)的自然(ran)生態環境和土壤條件(jian),所產義井(jing)甜瓜純天然(ran),含糖量極高。據譜尼測試技(北京)有(you)限(xian)公司對義井(jing)甜瓜綜合檢(jian)測結(jie)果顯示:與普通(tong)甜瓜比較,維生素、鉀元素高,碳(tan)水化合物均高于普通(tong)甜瓜口感(gan)清爽脆甜,深受廣大消費者的喜(xi)愛。
3、安全要求(qiu):產(chan)(chan)品質量符合國家相關(guan)強制性技(ji)術規范要求(qiu)。遵照行業標(biao)準是無公(gong)害甜瓜生產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規程DB140902/701-2009。
五(wu).特(te)定生產方式
1、產地(di)(di)(di)要(yao)求:平(ping)川地(di)(di)(di)區二級階地(di)(di)(di),土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)平(ping)整,土(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)沃,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松,無(wu)霜期140天(tian),氣候條件溫和,決定(ding)了甜(tian)(tian)瓜的品質(zhi)優良,含糖量高(gao)營養豐富(fu),口感甜(tian)(tian)脆,稱為甜(tian)(tian)瓜中(zhong)的上品,選(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)方面,種植甜(tian)(tian)瓜一般選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)平(ping)川,沙土(tu)(tu),壤土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)沃,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松,能(neng)排能(neng)灌水利條件較好的地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)。在(zai)秋季深耕、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)的基礎上,春季解凍(dong)后淺耕并(bing)施(shi)入底(di)肥(fei)(fei),墑情差時澆(jiao)足底(di)肥(fei)(fei),耙耱(mo)平(ping)整。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)整地(di)(di)(di)方面,耕地(di)(di)(di)時施(shi)入優良農家肥(fei)(fei)2500-5000公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)或餅肥(fei)(fei)100公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、過磷酸鈣(gai)60公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)、鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)30公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),整平(ping)耙絨、踏實,達到(dao)無(wu)坷垃,無(wu)雜質(zhi)。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)范圍(wei):選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方面,過去種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)一(yi)般選用(yong)農家(jia)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如燈籠紅、梨脆等(deng)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。現在一(yi)般選用(yong)新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真香蜜(mi)、白沙蜜(mi)、田(tian)妃、黃帝、龍甜號(hao)等(deng)高糖優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
3、生產控(kong)制:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植形式方面,以(yi)前期(qi)(qi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)后期(qi)(qi)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai),甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)套(tao)玉(yu)米(mi),大棚種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植為主。前期(qi)(qi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)后期(qi)(qi)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai):以(yi)1米(mi)一帶(dai),80厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)地(di)膜覆(fu)蓋。每一畦(qi)溝,溝寬15厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)。膜上種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)兩(liang)壟(long),穴(xue)距27厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)。畝(mu)留苗(miao)4400株,甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)收獲(huo)后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植白菜(cai)、蘿卜等蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)。甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)套(tao)玉(yu)米(mi):施肥整(zheng)地(di)后,以(yi)一米(mi)一帶(dai),80厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)地(di)膜覆(fu)蓋。4月(yue)上旬(xun)(清明(ming)前后)播甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)兩(liang)壟(long),畝(mu)留苗(miao)4000株。5月(yue)上旬(xun)在畦(qi)埂兩(liang)側穴(xue)播玉(yu)米(mi)兩(liang)壟(long),畝(mu)留苗(miao)3000-3500株。大棚甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua):3月(yue)1日(ri)營養缽育苗(miao),4月(yue)初移栽,6月(yue)上旬(xun)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)可上市。甜(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜(gua)銷售(shou)后可種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)等小日(ri)期(qi)(qi)作物。
4、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量與效益:以(yi)甜瓜套玉米(mi)(mi)為例,一(yi)般甜瓜畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)1.5噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)值6000元(yuan)。玉米(mi)(mi)畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)650公斤(jin),產(chan)(chan)(chan)值700元(yuan),合(he)計產(chan)(chan)(chan)值6700元(yuan)。除去種子、地(di)膜、肥料、農業等(deng)投資2700元(yuan),畝(mu)(mu)純(chun)收(shou)入為4000元(yuan)。