一.產品介紹
小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)原產(chan)(chan)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北方黃(huang)河流(liu)域,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)物(wu),全(quan)世界小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)栽(zai)培面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約10多(duo)億畝,我國(guo)最多(duo),總產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)最高(gao)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)耐旱(han),品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)繁多(duo),有(you)(you)白(bai)、紅(hong)、黃(huang)、黑(hei)、橙、紫各種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),俗稱(cheng)“粟有(you)(you)五彩”。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗旱(han)能力超(chao)群。它既耐干旱(han)、貧瘠,又不(bu)怕酸(suan)堿(jian),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)我國(guo)南(nan)北干旱(han)地(di)(di)(di)區、貧瘠山(shan)(shan)區都有(you)(you)種(zhong)植。適(shi)合(he)在(zai)干旱(han)而(er)缺乏(fa)灌(guan)溉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)種(zhong)植歷史悠久,春秋時期(qi)就有(you)(you)種(zhong)植,約有(you)(you)8千多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培歷史。為(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)代(dai)全(quan)國(guo)四大(da)(da)(da)貢米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)一,被(bei)譽(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“龍米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”。相(xiang)傳乾隆皇帝出巡(xun),路(lu)經(jing)章丘,西(xi)關高(gao)如恂接駕獻“龍米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)金湯(tang)”,甚得(de)乾隆稱(cheng)贊,被(bei)封為(wei)(wei)(wei)貢米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。這一帶(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)前(qian)洪積(ji)(ji)土(tu),土(tu)層深厚,土(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)壤,質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)較肥沃,加之(zhi)其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)環境(jing)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)較為(wei)(wei)(wei)適(shi)宜谷(gu)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)和(he)發育,具(ju)備(bei)了形成(cheng)優良品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)。因谷(gu)味隨生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)長(chang)(chang)短而(er)增減,故在(zai)種(zhong)植方法上(shang)(shang),均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)旱(han)田春播。耕前(qian)施足農家肥,耙(pa)平耢細(xi),谷(gu)雨前(qian)后下種(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)一般在(zai)120天(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)籽大(da)(da)(da)粒圓,色(se)(se)澤金黃(huang),性粘味香(xiang),營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)豐富(fu)(fu),較其(qi)他品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)。特(te)(te)別是(shi)煮稀飯時,表面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)一層黃(huang)亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質(zhi)油,食(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)香(xiang)味可(ke)(ke)口,是(shi)產(chan)(chan)婦、老(lao)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳補(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)磨面(mian)(mian)做粥別具(ju)風味,濟南(nan)市(shi)有(you)(you)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“八寶粥”“王家甜沫”等(deng),均(jun)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)做原料(liao)。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農科院化(hua)驗,此種(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)含(han)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)11.2%、脂肪(fang)5.26%、賴氨(an)酸(suan)0.25%、淀粉74.95%、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素A和(he)維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素B1及維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素B2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang)也(ye)超(chao)過其(qi)它小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)是(shi)一年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草本植物(wu) ,屬(shu)禾本科。它性喜溫(wen)暖,適(shi)應(ying)性強(qiang)。大(da)(da)(da)寧紅(hong)皮(pi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)——山(shan)(shan)西(xi)大(da)(da)(da)寧縣(xian),號稱(cheng)“上(shang)(shang)堂糧倉”,位(wei)于(yu)(yu)呂(lv)梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)余脈,黃(huang)河水(shui)東岸,平均(jun)海拔(ba)1500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),無(wu)霜期(qi)長(chang)(chang),晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)(da)(da),屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)土(tu)壤獨特(te)(te),谷(gu)子生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)較長(chang)(chang)。昕水(shui)河縱貫全(quan)境(jing),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和(he),水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)是(shi)鄰縣(xian)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)相(xiang)比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)域環境(jing)正適(shi)合(he)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),而(er)大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)都種(zhong)植在(zai)山(shan)(shan)腰和(he)丘陵間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)塊(kuai)平地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)(shang),獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植環境(jing)和(he)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植方法保(bao)證(zheng)了小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)“天(tian)然、綠色(se)(se)、無(wu)污(wu)染”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)特(te)(te)性。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)寧縣(xian)特(te)(te)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)皮(pi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由于(yu)(yu)種(zhong)植條(tiao)件(jian)要求苛(ke)刻,產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)低,一直被(bei)當地(di)(di)(di)人視為(wei)(wei)(wei)饋贈親友的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin),市(shi)場上(shang)(shang)很少流(liu)通(tong)。紅(hong)皮(pi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)谷(gu)殼成(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)紅(hong)色(se)(se),熬粥營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)價值豐富(fu)(fu),有(you)(you)“代(dai)參湯(tang)”之(zhi)美稱(cheng)。據測定,每100克(ke)(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)9.7克(ke)(ke),脂肪(fang)3.5克(ke)(ke),碳(tan)水(shui)化(hua)合(he)物(wu)72.8克(ke)(ke),鈣29毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),磷240毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),鐵4.8毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),胡蘿卜(bu)素0.19毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),硫胺素0.57毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),核黃(huang)素0.12毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),煙(yan)酸(suan)1.6毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)且這些(xie)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)素在(zai)人體內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消化(hua)吸收率也(ye)較高(gao),蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消化(hua)吸收率為(wei)(wei)(wei)83.4%,脂肪(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)90.8%,碳(tan)水(shui)化(hua)合(he)物(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)99.4%。不(bu)但有(you)(you)滋(zi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)腎(shen)氣(qi)(qi),清(qing)熱解渴、健胃(wei)除濕(shi)、和(he)胃(wei)安眠(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao),還具(ju)有(you)(you)滋(zi)陰養(yang)(yang)(yang)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使產(chan)(chan)婦虛(xu)寒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體質(zhi)得(de)到調養(yang)(yang)(yang),幫助她們恢復體力,長(chang)(chang)期(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)能達(da)到滋(zi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)腎(shen)氣(qi)(qi)、和(he)胃(wei)安眠(mian)、滋(zi)陰養(yang)(yang)(yang)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao),實為(wei)(wei)(wei)孕(yun)婦、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)孩(hai)、老(lao)人和(he)體虛(xu)者滋(zi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)進補(bu)及日常(chang)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin)。
二.自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
大(da)寧縣地(di)(di)處(chu)山(shan)西省呂梁山(shan)南端,黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)東岸,境內垣坡(po)連綿,南北高(gao)(gao)山(shan)對(dui)峙,東高(gao)(gao)西凸,形如盆地(di)(di),屬于大(da)陸性(xing)(xing)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶亞(ya)干(gan)旱氣候(hou)區,氣候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),四季(ji)分明。春季(ji)干(gan)旱多風(feng),夏季(ji)炎(yan)熱多雨(yu),秋季(ji)陰(yin)雨(yu)連綿,冬季(ji)寒冷干(gan)燥。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)10.7℃,最高(gao)(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)38.5℃,最低氣溫(wen)(wen)-20.3℃.;年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)、536.9mm;年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照數>2466小(xiao)時,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)無霜期212天(tian)。小(xiao)米種(zhong)植(zhi)區域(yu)地(di)(di)形平坦(tan),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型為(wei)栗褐(he)土(tu)(tu),黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)母(mu)質,PH值(zhi)在8.23~8.25之(zhi)間,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃(wo),有(you)機(ji)質含量(liang)在0.25~1.91%之(zhi)間,全氮含量(liang)0.013~0.11%,速效(xiao)氮18~22ppm,全磷0.034~0.11%,速效(xiao)磷0.8~36ppm,速效(xiao)鉀2.53~114ppm。 大(da)寧縣境內有(you)昕(xin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、義亭河(he)(he)(he)、岔(cha)口(kou)河(he)(he)(he)三(san)條河(he)(he)(he)流,種(zhong)植(zhi)區域(yu)地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)為(wei)昕(xin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)。日(ri)常產(chan)(chan)生的(de)生活廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)較少且(qie)采(cai)用隨(sui)地(di)(di)潑(po)灑的(de)方(fang)式,不會對(dui)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)造成(cheng)影響。河(he)(he)(he)流水(shui)(shui)(shui)質PH值(zhi)為(wei)8.0~8.04,呈弱堿性(xing)(xing),地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質為(wei)中性(xing)(xing)。作為(wei)種(zhong)植(zhi)灌(guan)溉(gai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質符合無公害和(he)綠(lv)色食品(pin)相應標準NY-x123-2000的(de)要求,適宜種(zhong)植(zhi)和(he)生產(chan)(chan)紅(hong)皮(pi)小(xiao)米系(xi)列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。大(da)寧縣獨特的(de)氣候(hou)條件,使得此區域(yu)所(suo)產(chan)(chan)谷子,具有(you)生產(chan)(chan)周期長(chang),利于干(gan)物(wu)質積累的(de)特點,形成(cheng)了(le)紅(hong)皮(pi)小(xiao)米色澤(ze)嫩黃(huang)、漿(jiang)大(da)醇香、入口(kou)柔(rou)潤的(de)獨特品(pin)質。
三.產地(di)環境
大(da)寧(ning)縣(xian)位于山(shan)西(xi)省呂梁山(shan)南(nan)(nan)端,地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東經110°27′55″—111°0′40″,北(bei)緯36°16′40″—36°36′25″之間。東西(xi)長(chang)50公里,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬38公里,總面積967平方公里。縣(xian)境北(bei)與(yu)永和縣(xian)接(jie)壤(rang),南(nan)(nan)同吉縣(xian)毗連;東與(yu)蒲縣(xian)、隰縣(xian)為(wei)鄰,西(xi)與(yu)陜西(xi)省延長(chang)縣(xian)隔黃河(he)相(xiang)望。境內(nei)溝壑(he)縱橫(heng),山(shan)巒逶迤,梁峁層疊,垣坡連綿。南(nan)(nan)北(bei)高山(shan)對(dui)峙,中部昕水橫(heng)貫,東高西(xi)凸,形(xing)如盆地,有“三(san)川(chuan)十塬(yuan)(yuan)溝四千,周(zhou)圍大(da)山(shan)包一圈(quan)”之說。海拔最低(di)為(wei)481 米(mi),最高為(wei)1719米(mi)。境內(nei)有昕水河(he)、義亭河(he)和岔口河(he)三(san)條河(he)流。從川(chuan)到山(shan)形(xing)成中部河(he)川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)(nan)北(bei)部土石山(shan)區(qu)(qu),東部殘塬(yuan)(yuan)溝壑(he)區(qu)(qu)和西(xi)部破碎(sui)殘塬(yuan)(yuan)溝壑(he)區(qu)(qu)等四種地貌單元。
大寧縣屬大陸性(xing)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)亞干(gan)旱(han)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)區,氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和,四季(ji)分(fen)明。春季(ji)干(gan)旱(han)多(duo)風(feng),夏季(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)陰雨連綿,冬(dong)季(ji)寒冷(leng)干(gan)燥,年日照數平(ping)均(jun)為2466.7小時,年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為10.7 ℃,氣(qi)溫(wen)年較差(cha)為31.8 ℃,年無霜期212天,年平(ping)均(jun)降水量427mm。全年主導風(feng)向(xiang)為西南(nan)風(feng)。氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件優(you)越,盛產糧(liang)棉(mian)。
四.品質特點
大寧(ning)紅皮(pi)小米(mi)(mi)(mi)歷來有“賽參湯”之(zhi)美稱,期顆粒均勻飽(bao)滿,色澤嫩黃柔和,營養(yang)豐富易煮熟(shu)(普通(tong)小米(mi)(mi)(mi)需(xu)20-30分,紅皮(pi)小米(mi)(mi)(mi)只需(xu)8-10分既可達到最佳,入口細(xi)膩(ni)綿滑,余香讓人(ren)回味無窮。長期食用(yong)能達到滋養(yang)腎(shen)氣,和胃安眠,滋陰養(yang)血的功效,為孕產(chan)婦,小孩,老人(ren)和體虛者滋養(yang)進補及日常營養(yang)的佳品。作(zuo)為大寧(ning)縣(xian)特產(chan)的紅皮(pi)小米(mi)(mi)(mi),由(you)于種植條件要求苛刻,產(chan)量低,一直被當地人(ren)視為饋贈親(qin)友的佳品,市(shi)場上(shang)很少流(liu)通(tong)。