產地
東(dong)蘭縣(xian)(xian)地處(chu)桂西(xi)北,云(yun)貴(gui)高原南(nan)(nan)緣,紅水河中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游;東(dong)傍金城(cheng)江區(qu),西(xi)界鳳山縣(xian)(xian),南(nan)(nan)傍大化(hua)、巴馬縣(xian)(xian),北鄰南(nan)(nan)丹、天(tian)峨縣(xian)(xian),離自治區(qu)首(shou)府(fu)南(nan)(nan)寧市308公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,距河池市金城(cheng)江鎮(zhen)130公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。323國(guo)道線(xian)過境。轄(xia)5個鎮(zhen)和18個鄉(xiang),縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)駐(zhu)東(dong)蘭鎮(zhen),行政區(qu)域(yu)總(zong)面積2415平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。耕地總(zong)面積1.2萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),糧食(shi)播種面積2.12萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),經濟作物種植面積2445公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。有林面積14.35萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。總(zong)人(ren)口(kou)27.4萬,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壯族占85%。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農村人(ren)口(kou)25.6萬。有壯、瑤、苗、侗等少(shao)數民(min)族25.24萬人(ren)。人(ren)口(kou)自然增長(chang)率2.07‰。
其(qi)板(ban)栗(li)(li)浸染紅水河(he)谷氣候,顆大、油亮,肉(rou)質粉糯綿甜,馳名大江南北,膾炙(zhi)都市人口。水陸(lu)兩便的隘(ai)洞鎮是東蘭(lan)縣(xian)主要(yao)的板(ban)栗(li)(li)集(ji)散地,每年(nian)舊(jiu)歷八月中(zhong)(zhong)秋節前后,便有廣西(xi)區(qu)內外(wai)栗(li)(li)商云集(ji)該鎮采購。2001年(nian),國(guo)家(jia)林業局命名東蘭(lan)縣(xian)為“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)板(ban)栗(li)(li)之鄉”。2002年(nian),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)栗(li)(li)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)21萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)掛(gua)果(guo)(guo)3.4萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)板(ban)栗(li)(li)1000多萬(wan)(wan)公斤。2003年(nian),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)栗(li)(li)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)18.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)掛(gua)果(guo)(guo)7萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)板(ban)栗(li)(li)3500噸(dun)。2004年(nian),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)栗(li)(li)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)21.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)掛(gua)果(guo)(guo)8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產(chan)板(ban)栗(li)(li)4000噸(dun)。銷往全(quan)(quan)國(guo)各省、市、自(zi)治區(qu)。
特色
東(dong)蘭板栗(li)(li)(li)壽(shou)(shou)命長、產量高,產果(guo)期長達(da)50年(nian)以(yi)上(shang),甚至(zhi)達(da)100年(nian),被人們稱為一年(nian)種百(bai)(bai)年(nian)收的(de)(de)“搖錢樹”,全縣(xian)有(you)(you)1000多株百(bai)(bai)年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)“壽(shou)(shou)星”板栗(li)(li)(li)樹,至(zhi)今仍果(guo)滿(man)枝頭。1991年(nian)以(yi)來,經過科技人員的(de)(de)努力,東(dong)蘭縣(xian)又(you)引進全國有(you)(you)名的(de)(de)“九(jiu)家種”板栗(li)(li)(li)與本地(di)板栗(li)(li)(li)嫁(jia)接(jie),培育了具有(you)(you)矮化、早熟(shu)、高產、果(guo)粒大(da)、結果(guo)快等優(you)勢的(de)(de)雜交板栗(li)(li)(li)。目前,東(dong)蘭板栗(li)(li)(li)由1999年(nian)的(de)(de)8萬(wan)(wan)多畝發展到現在的(de)(de)24.5萬(wan)(wan)畝,年(nian)產板栗(li)(li)(li)600萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin),盛(sheng)產期板栗(li)(li)(li)產量可達(da)6000噸(dun)以(yi)上(shang)。東(dong)蘭縣(xian)2001年(nian)8月(yue)被國家林業局授(shou)予(yu)“中國板栗(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)鄉”稱號;2005年(nian),東(dong)蘭板栗(li)(li)(li)被評為廣(guang)西名牌(pai)產品。每到板栗(li)(li)(li)上(shang)市季節,來自新疆、湖(hu)南(nan)、河南(nan)、安(an)徽等20多個省、市、自治區的(de)(de)收購商紛至(zhi)沓來。
自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土壤(rang)地貌情況:東蘭(lan)板栗種植區域主要(yao)為土坡地區,土壤(rang)屬(shu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)地帶(dai),成土母(mu)巖(yan)有淺灰(hui)色(se)砂(sha)巖(yan),粉砂(sha)巖(yan)夾頁巖(yan),鈣質(zhi)(zhi)頁巖(yan),砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)泥巖(yan),泥巖(yan),灰(hui)色(se)、黃(huang)棕色(se)頁巖(yan)、含(han)隧石灰(hui)巖(yan)、白云質(zhi)(zhi)石灰(hui)巖(yan),石灰(hui)夾硅質(zhi)(zhi)頁巖(yan)以(yi)及第四紀紅(hong)(hong)(hong)土母(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)等,發育成紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang),紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)分布海拔500米(mi)(mi)以(yi)下,山地紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)500~670米(mi)(mi),黃(huang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang)670~800米(mi)(mi)地帶(dai)。坡地紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤(rang),多為粘質(zhi)(zhi)土,土壤(rang)深(shen)厚、較(jiao)疏(shu)松、肥沃,PH值4.5-7.8,有機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥30mg/kg,東蘭(lan)縣境礦藏少,土壤(rang)有害微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素含(han)量(liang)(liang)低,無工業污(wu)染,比較(jiao)適合于東蘭(lan)板栗生長(chang)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:東(dong)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐富,且均為(wei)源頭類(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質好。縣(xian)(xian)境大(da)小河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)251條,呈樹枝狀分(fen)布。發源于東(dong)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)境內的(de)(de)主要河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有巴英河(he)(he)(he)、板龍河(he)(he)(he)、坡拉河(he)(he)(he)、九(jiu)曲(qu)河(he)(he)(he)、板老河(he)(he)(he)、坡豪河(he)(he)(he)、三(san)甲河(he)(he)(he),總(zong)(zong)長為(wei)162.4公(gong)里,年總(zong)(zong)徑流(liu)量9.6億立(li)方米。以上河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)均匯(hui)入紅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he),紅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)是(shi)珠江流(liu)域西(xi)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)干流(liu),發源于云南省沾益縣(xian)(xian)馬雄山,在(zai)東(dong)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)境內河(he)(he)(he)段全長115公(gong)里,是(shi)東(dong)蘭(lan)境內最大(da)的(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)。縣(xian)(xian)內有157處(chu)(chu)地下泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點(dian),現有儲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)312處(chu)(chu),山塘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)215座,有效庫(ku)容(rong)2.97億立(li)方米,可灌溉(gai)面積(ji)1.04萬公(gong)頃;引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程(cheng)131處(chu)(chu),可灌溉(gai)面積(ji)1.16萬公(gong)頃。無工業污染,是(shi)理想的(de)(de)農業生產和(he)生活水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。
3、氣候(hou)情況:東蘭縣屬于南亞熱(re)帶季風氣候(hou)區(qu).具(ju)有(you)夏長冬短(duan)、熱(re)量(liang)豐富、雨量(liang)充沛、水(shui)熱(re)同期等氣候(hou)特點。全縣年均(jun)(jun)氣溫21.1℃,元月(yue)(yue)份(fen)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫11.1℃,7月(yue)(yue)份(fen)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫27.0℃,日(ri)(ri)照充足,年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)數為1382.9小時(shi),年太陽總輻(fu)射量(liang)達(da)83.8千(qian)卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi)。年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨量(liang)1616.8毫米(mi),降雨主要集中在5—8月(yue)(yue),秋季降雨較少。10月(yue)(yue)份(fen)晝夜溫差(cha)大,十分(fen)適宜(yi)東蘭板栗生長。