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東蘭(lan)縣(xian)地處(chu)桂西北(bei)，云貴高(gao)原南(nan)緣(yuan)，紅水河(he)中游；東傍金城江區，西界鳳山縣(xian)，南(nan)傍大化(hua)、巴(ba)馬(ma)縣(xian)，北(bei)鄰南(nan)丹、天(tian)峨縣(xian)，離自(zi)治區首府南(nan)寧市(shi)(shi)308公(gong)里，距河(he)池市(shi)(shi)金城江鎮(zhen)130公(gong)里。323國道線過境。轄(xia)5個(ge)鎮(zhen)和18個(ge)鄉，縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府駐東蘭(lan)鎮(zhen)，行政區域總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)2415平(ping)方公(gong)里。耕地總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1.2萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)，糧食播種面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)2.12萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)，經濟作物種植面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)2445公(gong)頃(qing)。有林面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)14.35萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。總人(ren)(ren)口27.4萬(wan)(wan)，其中壯族(zu)占85%。其中農村人(ren)(ren)口25.6萬(wan)(wan)。有壯、瑤、苗、侗(dong)等少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)25.24萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)口自(zi)然增(zeng)長率2.07‰。

其(qi)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)浸染(ran)紅水河谷氣候，顆大(da)、油亮，肉(rou)質粉(fen)糯綿(mian)甜(tian)，馳(chi)名大(da)江南北，膾(kuai)炙(zhi)都市(shi)人口。水陸兩便(bian)的隘洞(dong)鎮(zhen)是東蘭縣(xian)主(zhu)要的板(ban)(ban)栗(li)集(ji)(ji)散地，每年(nian)舊(jiu)歷(li)八月中(zhong)(zhong)秋節前后，便(bian)有廣(guang)西(xi)區內外栗(li)商云集(ji)(ji)該(gai)鎮(zhen)采購。2001年(nian),國家林業局命名東蘭縣(xian)為“中(zhong)(zhong)國板(ban)(ban)栗(li)之鄉”。2002年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積(ji)達21萬畝(mu)(mu)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)掛果(guo)3.4萬畝(mu)(mu)，年(nian)產板(ban)(ban)栗(li)1000多(duo)萬公斤。2003年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積(ji)達18.5萬畝(mu)(mu)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)掛果(guo)7萬畝(mu)(mu)，年(nian)產板(ban)(ban)栗(li)3500噸。2004年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積(ji)達21.5萬畝(mu)(mu)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)掛果(guo)8萬畝(mu)(mu)，年(nian)產板(ban)(ban)栗(li)4000噸。銷往全(quan)(quan)國各省、市(shi)、自(zi)治區。

特色

東(dong)蘭(lan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗壽命(ming)長、產(chan)量高，產(chan)果期長達(da)50年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上，甚至(zhi)達(da)100年(nian)(nian)，被人們稱為(wei)(wei)一年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)百年(nian)(nian)收(shou)的(de)“搖錢樹”，全(quan)縣有(you)1000多(duo)株百年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上的(de)“壽星”板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗樹，至(zhi)今仍果滿(man)枝頭。1991年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來(lai)，經過科技人員的(de)努力，東(dong)蘭(lan)縣又引進全(quan)國(guo)有(you)名的(de)“九家種(zhong)”板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗與本地板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗嫁接，培育了具有(you)矮化(hua)、早熟、高產(chan)、果粒大、結果快等(deng)優勢的(de)雜交板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗。目前(qian)，東(dong)蘭(lan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗由1999年(nian)(nian)的(de)8萬多(duo)畝發展到(dao)現在的(de)24.5萬畝，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗600萬公斤(jin)，盛(sheng)產(chan)期板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗產(chan)量可達(da)6000噸以(yi)上。東(dong)蘭(lan)縣2001年(nian)(nian)8月被國(guo)家林業(ye)局授(shou)予“中國(guo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗之鄉”稱號；2005年(nian)(nian)，東(dong)蘭(lan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗被評(ping)為(wei)(wei)廣(guang)西名牌產(chan)品。每到(dao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)栗上市(shi)季節，來(lai)自新疆、湖南(nan)、河南(nan)、安(an)徽(hui)等(deng)20多(duo)個省、市(shi)、自治區的(de)收(shou)購商紛(fen)至(zhi)沓來(lai)。

自(zi)然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)壤地(di)貌情況：東(dong)蘭板栗種植區域(yu)主要為(wei)土(tu)坡地(di)區，土(tu)壤屬紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤地(di)帶，成(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)母(mu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)有淺灰(hui)色(se)砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，粉砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)夾(jia)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，鈣(gai)質頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，砂質泥巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，泥巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，灰(hui)色(se)、黃棕色(se)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、含隧石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、白云質石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，石(shi)灰(hui)夾(jia)硅質頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)以及第四紀紅(hong)(hong)(hong)土(tu)母(mu)質等(deng)，發育成(cheng)(cheng)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤分布海拔500米以下，山(shan)地(di)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤500～670米，黃紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤670～800米地(di)帶。坡地(di)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)壤，多(duo)為(wei)粘(zhan)質土(tu)，土(tu)壤深厚、較(jiao)疏(shu)松、肥沃，PH值4.5－7.8，有機質含量≥30mg/kg，東(dong)蘭縣境(jing)礦(kuang)藏(zang)少(shao)，土(tu)壤有害微量元素含量低，無工業污(wu)染，比較(jiao)適合(he)于東(dong)蘭板栗生長。

2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)：東(dong)(dong)蘭縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富，且均(jun)為(wei)源(yuan)(yuan)頭(tou)類水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好。縣(xian)境(jing)大小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)251條，呈樹枝狀(zhuang)分布。發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于東(dong)(dong)蘭縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)的主要河(he)流(liu)有(you)(you)巴(ba)英河(he)、板(ban)龍河(he)、坡(po)拉(la)河(he)、九曲河(he)、板(ban)老河(he)、坡(po)豪(hao)河(he)、三甲河(he)，總長為(wei)162.4公(gong)(gong)里，年總徑(jing)流(liu)量9.6億立方(fang)米(mi)。以上(shang)河(he)流(liu)均(jun)匯入(ru)紅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)，紅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)是(shi)珠江流(liu)域(yu)西江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系的干流(liu)，發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于云南省沾益縣(xian)馬雄(xiong)山，在東(dong)(dong)蘭縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)河(he)段(duan)全長115公(gong)(gong)里，是(shi)東(dong)(dong)蘭境(jing)內(nei)最大的河(he)流(liu)。縣(xian)內(nei)有(you)(you)157處地(di)下(xia)泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)點，現有(you)(you)儲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程312處，山塘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)215座，有(you)(you)效庫(ku)(ku)容2.97億立方(fang)米(mi)，可灌(guan)溉面積1.04萬公(gong)(gong)頃；引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程131處，可灌(guan)溉面積1.16萬公(gong)(gong)頃。無工業(ye)污染，是(shi)理想(xiang)的農業(ye)生(sheng)產和(he)生(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)。

3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況：東蘭縣屬于(yu)南亞熱(re)帶季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區.具(ju)有夏長冬短、熱(re)量(liang)豐富(fu)、雨量(liang)充沛、水熱(re)同期等氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點(dian)。全縣年(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)21.1℃，元月(yue)份(fen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)11.1℃，7月(yue)份(fen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27.0℃，日(ri)照(zhao)充足，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時數為1382.9小時，年(nian)(nian)太(tai)陽總(zong)輻射(she)量(liang)達83.8千卡/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)厘米。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降雨量(liang)1616.8毫米，降雨主要集中(zhong)在5—8月(yue)，秋(qiu)季(ji)降雨較少。10月(yue)份(fen)晝夜溫(wen)差大，十分適(shi)宜東蘭板栗生長。