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產地

東蘭(lan)縣地(di)處桂西北(bei)，云貴高原(yuan)南(nan)緣，紅水河中游；東傍(bang)金(jin)城江區(qu)，西界鳳山縣，南(nan)傍(bang)大化(hua)、巴馬縣，北(bei)鄰南(nan)丹、天(tian)峨縣，離(li)自治區(qu)首府(fu)南(nan)寧市308公(gong)(gong)里，距河池市金(jin)城江鎮130公(gong)(gong)里。323國(guo)道線過境(jing)。轄5個(ge)鎮和(he)18個(ge)鄉(xiang)，縣人(ren)民政府(fu)駐(zhu)東蘭(lan)鎮，行(xing)政區(qu)域總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積2415平方公(gong)(gong)里。耕地(di)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積1.2萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃，糧食播種面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積2.12萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃，經濟作物種植面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積2445公(gong)(gong)頃。有(you)林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積14.35萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃。總人(ren)口(kou)27.4萬(wan)，其中壯(zhuang)族占85%。其中農(nong)村人(ren)口(kou)25.6萬(wan)。有(you)壯(zhuang)、瑤(yao)、苗、侗等少數民族25.24萬(wan)人(ren)。人(ren)口(kou)自然(ran)增(zeng)長率2.07‰。

其板(ban)(ban)栗(li)浸染紅水河谷氣候，顆大(da)、油亮，肉質粉糯綿甜(tian)，馳名(ming)大(da)江南北，膾炙都市(shi)人(ren)口。水陸兩(liang)便(bian)的(de)隘洞(dong)鎮(zhen)是東蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)主(zhu)要的(de)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)集(ji)散地，每年(nian)舊(jiu)歷八月(yue)中秋節前后，便(bian)有廣西區(qu)內外栗(li)商云集(ji)該(gai)鎮(zhen)采(cai)購。2001年(nian),國(guo)(guo)家林業局命名(ming)東蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)為“中國(guo)(guo)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)之鄉”。2002年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積達21萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，其中掛果3.4萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，年(nian)產板(ban)(ban)栗(li)1000多萬(wan)公斤。2003年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積達18.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，其中掛果7萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，年(nian)產板(ban)(ban)栗(li)3500噸。2004年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)面積達21.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，其中掛果8萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，年(nian)產板(ban)(ban)栗(li)4000噸。銷往全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)各省、市(shi)、自治區(qu)。

特色

東蘭(lan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)壽命長(chang)、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao)，產(chan)(chan)果(guo)期(qi)長(chang)達(da)50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，甚(shen)至(zhi)達(da)100年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，被(bei)人們稱為一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)收的(de)(de)(de)“搖錢(qian)樹(shu)”，全縣有(you)1000多(duo)株百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)“壽星”板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)樹(shu)，至(zhi)今仍果(guo)滿枝頭。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)來，經過科技人員的(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力(li)，東蘭(lan)縣又引進全國有(you)名的(de)(de)(de)“九家(jia)(jia)種”板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)與本地板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)嫁接，培育了具有(you)矮化、早熟、高(gao)產(chan)(chan)、果(guo)粒大、結(jie)果(guo)快等(deng)優勢的(de)(de)(de)雜交板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)。目前，東蘭(lan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)由1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)8萬(wan)多(duo)畝(mu)發展到(dao)現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)24.5萬(wan)畝(mu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)600萬(wan)公斤，盛產(chan)(chan)期(qi)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)可達(da)6000噸以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。東蘭(lan)縣2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)被(bei)國家(jia)(jia)林(lin)業局授予“中國板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)之鄉”稱號(hao)；2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，東蘭(lan)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)被(bei)評為廣(guang)西名牌產(chan)(chan)品。每到(dao)板(ban)(ban)栗(li)(li)上(shang)市季節(jie)，來自(zi)新疆(jiang)、湖南、河(he)南、安徽等(deng)20多(duo)個省(sheng)、市、自(zi)治區的(de)(de)(de)收購商紛至(zhi)沓來。

自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況：東蘭板(ban)栗種植(zhi)區(qu)域主要為土(tu)坡地(di)區(qu)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)屬紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)帶，成(cheng)土(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)淺灰(hui)色砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，粉(fen)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)夾(jia)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，鈣(gai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，砂(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泥(ni)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，泥(ni)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，灰(hui)色、黃棕色頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、含隧石灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、白云質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，石灰(hui)夾(jia)硅質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以及(ji)第四紀紅(hong)土(tu)母質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，發育成(cheng)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)，紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)分布海拔500米以下，山地(di)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)500～670米，黃紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)670～800米地(di)帶。坡地(di)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)，多(duo)為粘(zhan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)深(shen)厚(hou)、較疏(shu)松、肥沃，PH值4.5－7.8，有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)≥30mg/kg，東蘭縣(xian)境礦藏少，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)害(hai)微量(liang)元(yuan)素含量(liang)低(di)，無(wu)工業污染，比較適合(he)于(yu)東蘭板(ban)栗生長。

2、水(shui)(shui)文情況：東(dong)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)豐富，且均為源(yuan)(yuan)頭類水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)，水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好。縣(xian)(xian)境大小河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)251條，呈樹枝狀分(fen)布(bu)。發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于東(dong)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei)的主要(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有巴英河(he)(he)、板(ban)(ban)龍河(he)(he)、坡拉河(he)(he)、九曲河(he)(he)、板(ban)(ban)老河(he)(he)、坡豪河(he)(he)、三(san)甲河(he)(he)，總長為162.4公里(li)，年總徑流(liu)(liu)量9.6億立(li)方米(mi)。以上河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)均匯(hui)入紅(hong)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)，紅(hong)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)是珠江流(liu)(liu)域西江水(shui)(shui)系的干流(liu)(liu)，發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于云南省沾(zhan)益縣(xian)(xian)馬雄(xiong)山，在東(dong)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei)河(he)(he)段全(quan)長115公里(li)，是東(dong)蘭(lan)境內(nei)最大的河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)。縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)有157處地下(xia)泉水(shui)(shui)點，現有儲水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程312處，山塘水(shui)(shui)庫215座，有效庫容(rong)2.97億立(li)方米(mi)，可灌溉面(mian)積1.04萬公頃(qing)；引水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程131處，可灌溉面(mian)積1.16萬公頃(qing)。無工(gong)業(ye)污(wu)染，是理想的農業(ye)生產和生活(huo)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)。

3、氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況：東蘭(lan)縣(xian)屬于(yu)南亞(ya)熱帶季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區.具有夏(xia)長冬(dong)短、熱量(liang)豐富、雨(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛、水熱同期等氣(qi)候(hou)特點。全縣(xian)年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫21.1℃，元(yuan)月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫11.1℃，7月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫27.0℃，日照充(chong)足，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照時數為1382.9小時，年(nian)太陽總輻射量(liang)達83.8千卡/平(ping)方厘米。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)1616.8毫米，降雨(yu)主要集中(zhong)在5—8月(yue)，秋季降雨(yu)較少。10月(yue)份晝夜溫差大(da)，十分適宜東蘭(lan)板栗生長。