關(guan)中黑豬(zhu)顧名(ming)思義,因其產地(di)在(zai)陜(shan)(shan)西省關(guan)中平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)而得名(ming),是我國(guo)早期培育成功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)肉(rou)脂兼用型優良(liang)品種之一,主要分布在(zai)陜(shan)(shan)西關(guan)中平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)的(de)(de)咸(xian)陽、興平(ping)(ping)、周至(zhi)、武功(gong)(gong)、楊凌等地(di)區 。是我國(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)肉(rou)豬(zhu)品種,并且(qie)獲(huo)得農業部(bu)首批地(di)理標志(zhi)產品。
品種培育
關中黑(hei)豬是(shi)陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)關中地方優(you)良的(de)培育(yu)(yu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)上個世(shi)紀六十年(nian)(nian)代的(de)初期,專家們對甘肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)涇(jing)川縣的(de)八(ba)眉黑(hei)豬、四(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)內江黑(hei)豬與巴(ba)克夏黑(hei)豬,進行了(le)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)的(de)二元和三(san)元雜(za)交,再后來通過西(xi)北良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研究(jiu)領(ling)導課題(ti)組,經過二十余(yu)年(nian)(nian)的(de)精(jing)心培育(yu)(yu)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而育(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)(zai)上世(shi)紀的(de)八(ba)十年(nian)(nian)代時,才完成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)鑒定工作,一(yi)九八(ba)四(si)年(nian)(nian)獲得了(le)農業部(bu)首(shou)批(pi)地理(li)標志培育(yu)(yu)豬品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),培育(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)飽含著(zhu)幾代養(yang)豬育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)研工作者(zhe)的(de)心血,關中黑(hei)也是(shi)我國在(zai)(zai)早期豬品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培育(yu)(yu)研究(jiu)工作中成(cheng)(cheng)功的(de)肉脂兼(jian)用型之一(yi)。現在(zai)(zai)關中黑(hei)豬的(de)養(yang)殖,主要(yao)分布在(zai)(zai)陜西(xi)關中地區(qu),甘肅(su)、寧(ning)夏、青海(hai)等地區(qu)也有少量的(de)分布。
在關(guan)中(zhong)黑豬(zhu)培育(yu)(yu)(yu)前,品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)改良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方豬(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被當(dang)地(di)人(ren)所(suo)青睞,此(ci)時(shi)(shi),關(guan)中(zhong)黑豬(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)工作被提出,但(dan)(dan)是當(dang)時(shi)(shi)要培育(yu)(yu)(yu)關(guan)中(zhong)黑豬(zhu),必(bi)須(xu)要有一定(ding)數(shu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群,故開(kai)始時(shi)(shi)只(zhi)能把(ba)群眾(zhong)聚(ju)集起來,給(gei)他們制(zhi)定(ding)大(da)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法。但(dan)(dan)是,由(you)于在不(bu)同地(di)區(qu)飼(si)養著不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作者(zhe)只(zhi)能根據當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情況,制(zhi)定(ding)各個(ge)地(di)區(qu)適宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法。在陜西省北(bei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五個(ge)縣(xian)(xian),育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方案是加(jia)強基礎選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu),進行經濟雜(za)交,加(jia)強對涇川縣(xian)(xian)八眉(mei)黑豬(zhu)進行選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)工作,與此(ci)同時(shi)(shi)引進四川省的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內江豬(zhu)和(he)巴克夏豬(zhu)與八眉(mei)豬(zhu)開(kai)展(zhan)經濟雜(za)交,以(yi)此(ci)當(dang)作關(guan)中(zhong)黑豬(zhu)培育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前期過渡。隨著雜(za)交選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)育(yu)(yu)(yu)成雜(za)交的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷進行,在陜西南部九個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu),擁有了較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雜(za)交后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改良豬(zhu),育(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作者(zhe)對育(yu)(yu)(yu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)進行了系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu),最后培育(yu)(yu)(yu)出了具有地(di)理標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)中(zhong)黑豬(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 。
品種特性
外貌特征
全身背毛顏色黑色,膚色白色;體型較(jiao)大(da)(da),體質(zhi)結(jie)實緊湊;體型較(jiao)長,背腰(yao)平(ping)直;四(si)肢較(jiao)長,端正、系(xi)部較(jiao)長;腹部緊湊,腹線(xian)平(ping)直;頭中(zhong)等大(da)(da)小,面側微凹,額部有縱紋;嘴(zui)長短適(shi)中(zhong),耳小且向(xiang)前(qian)或向(xiang)外(wai)平(ping)伸;尾巴粗(cu)、尾根高 。
繁殖性能
關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般在(zai) 3 月齡(ling)時初(chu)(chu)次發情(qing),關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般在(zai) 7 月齡(ling)左(zuo)右可(ke)進行初(chu)(chu)配(pei)(pei),關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般在(zai) 6~7 月齡(ling)初(chu)(chu)配(pei)(pei),關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的初(chu)(chu)配(pei)(pei)體重分別(bie)需達到(dao) 80kg 和 70kg 以上,母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般利用 5 年左(zuo)右淘汰;關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的產仔(zi)數(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 12.5 頭,窩(wo)(wo)產活(huo)仔(zi)數(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 11.5 頭,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)初(chu)(chu)生(sheng)窩(wo)(wo)重 17.7kg,初(chu)(chu)生(sheng)體重平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.4kg,斷(duan)奶(nai)仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的成活(huo)率為(wei)(wei)(wei) 95.75%,30d 斷(duan)奶(nai)重平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 8.7kg,斷(duan)奶(nai)窩(wo)(wo)重平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)96.4kg 。