關(guan)中(zhong)黑豬顧(gu)名(ming)思義,因其產地(di)在(zai)陜西省關(guan)中(zhong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原而得名(ming),是我國早期(qi)培育(yu)成(cheng)功(gong)的肉脂(zhi)兼用(yong)型(xing)優良品種之一,主要分布在(zai)陜西關(guan)中(zhong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原的咸(xian)陽、興平(ping)(ping)(ping)、周至、武功(gong)、楊凌等地(di)區 。是我國著名(ming)的肉豬品種,并且獲得農(nong)業部首批地(di)理標志產品。
品種培育
關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑豬是(shi)陜西(xi)省(sheng)關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)方優良的(de)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在上個世紀六十年代(dai)的(de)初期,專家們對甘肅(su)省(sheng)涇川(chuan)縣(xian)的(de)八眉黑豬、四川(chuan)省(sheng)的(de)內江黑豬與巴克夏黑豬,進行了一系(xi)列的(de)二(er)元(yuan)(yuan)和(he)三元(yuan)(yuan)雜(za)交,再后(hou)來(lai)通過(guo)西(xi)北良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)研究(jiu)領導(dao)課題組,經過(guo)二(er)十余年的(de)精心(xin)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而育(yu)(yu)成,在上世紀的(de)八十年代(dai)時,才完(wan)成了品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)鑒定(ding)工作,一九(jiu)八四年獲得了農業(ye)部首批地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)豬品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)成果飽含著幾(ji)代(dai)養(yang)豬育(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科研工作者的(de)心(xin)血,關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑也是(shi)我國在早期豬品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)研究(jiu)工作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成功的(de)肉脂兼用型之一。現在關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑豬的(de)養(yang)殖,主要分布(bu)在陜西(xi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)區(qu),甘肅(su)、寧夏、青海等地(di)區(qu)也有少量的(de)分布(bu)。
在關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前,品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)改(gai)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被當(dang)地(di)(di)人所青睞(lai),此(ci)時(shi),關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工作(zuo)被提出(chu),但是(shi)當(dang)時(shi)要(yao)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),必須要(yao)有一定(ding)數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun),故開(kai)始時(shi)只(zhi)能把群(qun)眾聚集(ji)起來,給他們制(zhi)定(ding)大體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法。但是(shi),由于在不同地(di)(di)區飼養(yang)著不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作(zuo)者只(zhi)能根據當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情況,制(zhi)定(ding)各個(ge)地(di)(di)區適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法。在陜西省(sheng)北部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五個(ge)縣(xian),育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方案是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)基(ji)礎(chu)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)經濟(ji)雜(za)(za)(za)交(jiao),加(jia)強(qiang)對涇川縣(xian)八眉(mei)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工作(zuo),與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi)引進(jin)(jin)四川省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內江豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)巴克夏(xia)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)八眉(mei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開(kai)展經濟(ji)雜(za)(za)(za)交(jiao),以此(ci)當(dang)作(zuo)關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前期過渡(du)。隨著雜(za)(za)(za)交(jiao)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成雜(za)(za)(za)交(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),在陜西南部九個(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區,擁有了較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雜(za)(za)(za)交(jiao)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)良(liang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工作(zuo)者對育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)(za)(za)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)了系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),最后培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)了具有地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 。
品種特性
外貌特征
全(quan)身背毛顏色黑色,膚色白色;體型(xing)較大(da),體質結實(shi)緊(jin)(jin)湊(cou);體型(xing)較長(chang),背腰平(ping)(ping)直;四肢較長(chang),端正、系部(bu)較長(chang);腹部(bu)緊(jin)(jin)湊(cou),腹線平(ping)(ping)直;頭(tou)中等(deng)大(da)小,面(mian)側微凹(ao),額部(bu)有縱紋;嘴長(chang)短適(shi)中,耳小且向前或向外平(ping)(ping)伸;尾巴粗、尾根高 。
繁殖性能
關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般(ban)在 3 月(yue)齡時(shi)初次(ci)發(fa)情,關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般(ban)在 7 月(yue)齡左右(you)可進行初配(pei)(pei),關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般(ban)在 6~7 月(yue)齡初配(pei)(pei),關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公母(mu)(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)初配(pei)(pei)體重分別需達(da)到 80kg 和 70kg 以上,母(mu)(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一般(ban)利用 5 年(nian)左右(you)淘汰;關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)產仔(zi)數平均為(wei) 12.5 頭,窩(wo)產活仔(zi)數平均為(wei) 11.5 頭,平均初生窩(wo)重 17.7kg,初生體重平均為(wei)1.4kg,斷(duan)(duan)奶仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)成活率為(wei) 95.75%,30d 斷(duan)(duan)奶重平均為(wei) 8.7kg,斷(duan)(duan)奶窩(wo)重平均為(wei)96.4kg 。