產地環境
裕(yu)民縣地(di)處中(zhong)國西北部,位于北緯45。41’~46。30’,東(dong)(dong)經(jing)82。12’~83。30’,阿爾(er)泰山和天(tian)山之間(jian)(jian)的塔額(e)盆地(di)。裕(yu)民縣土地(di)面積6530平(ping)方公里,地(di)形南高(gao)北低,東(dong)(dong)高(gao)西低,巴爾(er)魯克山橫臥中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)。海拔高(gao)度(du)390~3052米,山地(di)、丘陵、沖積平(ping)原、沼澤地(di)等分布其間(jian)(jian),地(di)貌及自(zi)然條(tiao)件復雜(za)多樣。有(you)50萬畝耕地(di)及707萬畝草場,24條(tiao)河流(liu)橫穿縣境。裕(yu)民縣屬典型溫帶大陸性氣(qi)候,晝(zhou)夜溫差大,日照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)(jian)長,年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫6.7℃,年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水量280毫(hao)米,積雪深度(du)34.4厘米,平(ping)均日照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)(jian)3122.6小(xiao)時,無霜期(qi)156天(tian)。為紅花的種(zhong)植提供(gong)了良好的條(tiao)件。
品種特性
紅(hong)花(hua)為一(yi)年生(sheng)或(huo)多年生(sheng)草本(ben),直根系植物。紅(hong)花(hua)油質清亮,食用可口,有醫(yi)療作用,可治高(gao)血(xue)壓、動脈硬化等心血(xue)管疾(ji)病。紅(hong)花(hua)油碘價(jia)高(gao)(150),是較高(gao)級(ji)的干性(xing)油類(lei)。工業(ye)上(shang)廣(guang)泛用以造涂料(liao)、肥皂(zao)、印(yin)刷油和(he)增強感光(guang)材(cai)料(liao)柔和(he)性(xing)油劑等。去殼制(zhi)油后的紅(hong)花(hua)粕(po)蛋(dan)白(bai)質含(han)量為19%,是牲(sheng)畜的優良飼(si)料(liao)。從中(zhong)提取食用蛋(dan)白(bai),是一(yi)種有前途的植物蛋(dan)白(bai)資源。紅(hong)花(hua)花(hua)絲含(han)有紅(hong)花(hua)黃色素(su)及紅(hong)花(hua)試,是傳統的中(zhong)藥材(cai),有活(huo)血(xue)化淤,通經止痛(tong)之功(gong)效(xiao),主治閉經、難(nan)產、死胎、疲血(xue)作痛(tong)、痛(tong)腫(zhong)、跌打(da)損傷等癥。
裕民無刺紅花屬油花兼用型。為喜溫油料作物,但對溫度的適應范圍較寬,一般≥5℃、積溫2000一2900℃,即可滿足生長發育需要,溫帶地區也可栽培。種子在4C以上可以發芽,5℃時發芽良好,溫度升高,發芽加速。在5℃、9℃、15℃條件下,發茅需時分別為16.2天、8.7天和3.7天。幼苗能耐一6.6℃的低溫。分枝后不耐0℃的低溫。開花后若能有24一32℃氣溫,可獲得好收成。幼苗綠色。主莖葉片大,分枝葉片小,葉片淡綠色,橢園形,較厚,葉緣無刺。株高80一100厘米,分枝高度35一40厘米,一(yi)次有效分枝(zhi)6一(yi)9個(ge)(ge),二(er)次有效分枝(zhi)7一(yi)10個(ge)(ge),花紅色,全(quan)株(zhu)種球10一(yi)30個(ge)(ge),單株(zhu)粒(li)400一(yi)440粒(li),籽(zi)(zi)粒(li)白色,四(si)棱卵園(yuan)形(xing),有冠(guan)毛或無(wu)冠(guan)毛,千粒(li)重38一(yi)45克,皮殼率52.8%,含油率28一(yi)30%。生長期(qi)125一(yi)135天。生長勢(shi)強,生長整齊,適應性廣、抗寒、抗旱、耐(nai)瘠(ji)薄、耐(nai)鹽堿,輕感紅花銹病。一(yi)般畝產籽(zi)(zi)95公(gong)斤(jin),采花8公(gong)斤(jin);高者可產籽(zi)(zi)120公(gong)斤(jin)以上,采花10公(gong)斤(jin)。
有(you)(you)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)無(wu)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)只是生(sheng)長(chang)形(xing)態上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)別,這種差(cha)別所導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(絲)采摘(zhai)(zhai)方式(shi)對紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)后續生(sheng)長(chang)有(you)(you)著較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。有(you)(you)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)由于其植物干莖(jing)和葉(xie)片均(jun)生(sheng)長(chang)有(you)(you)刺(ci),使得(de)人工采摘(zhai)(zhai)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(絲)極其困難,在(zai)后續紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)共(gong)同(tong)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2個月中(zhong),紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)特(te)別是果(guo)實(shi)飽和度(du)受到(dao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(絲)共(gong)同(tong)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,導(dao)致(zhi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)受到(dao)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。而無(wu)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)則有(you)(you)效解決了這個問題(ti)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(絲)被方便地(di)采摘(zhai)(zhai)后,不僅可以得(de)到(dao)有(you)(you)效利用,更(geng)主要地(di),使得(de)“獨(du)享干莖(jing)養(yang)份(fen)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)后續生(sheng)長(chang)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)得(de)到(dao)保證。因此,無(wu)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小、飽滿度(du)、光(guang)澤(ze)度(du)均(jun)優(you)于有(you)(you)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi),無(wu)論是出油率還(huan)是亞(ya)油酸、維生(sheng)素E的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)等指(zhi)標(biao)(biao),都有(you)(you)了很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升。