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產地環境

裕(yu)民縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)處中國西北(bei)部，位(wei)于(yu)北(bei)緯45。41’～46。30’，東經82。12’～83。30’，阿爾(er)泰山(shan)和天(tian)山(shan)之(zhi)間(jian)的塔額盆地(di)(di)。裕(yu)民縣(xian)(xian)土地(di)(di)面積(ji)6530平(ping)方公(gong)里，地(di)(di)形南高(gao)北(bei)低，東高(gao)西低，巴(ba)爾(er)魯克(ke)山(shan)橫臥(wo)中間(jian)。海拔高(gao)度390～3052米(mi)，山(shan)地(di)(di)、丘陵、沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)原、沼澤(ze)地(di)(di)等分布其間(jian)，地(di)(di)貌及自(zi)然條件復雜(za)多樣(yang)。有50萬畝(mu)耕地(di)(di)及707萬畝(mu)草場，24條河流橫穿縣(xian)(xian)境。裕(yu)民縣(xian)(xian)屬典(dian)型溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)候，晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大(da)，日照時(shi)間(jian)長，年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)6．7℃，年平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)280毫米(mi)，積(ji)雪(xue)深度34．4厘米(mi)，平(ping)均(jun)日照時(shi)間(jian)3122．6小時(shi)，無霜期(qi)156天(tian)。為紅(hong)花的種植(zhi)提供了良(liang)好的條件。

品種特性

紅(hong)花(hua)為一年生或(huo)多年生草本(ben)，直(zhi)根系植物。紅(hong)花(hua)油質清亮(liang)，食用(yong)可口，有(you)醫(yi)療作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，可治高血(xue)(xue)壓、動脈硬化等(deng)心血(xue)(xue)管疾病(bing)。紅(hong)花(hua)油碘價高（150），是較高級的(de)干性油類(lei)。工業(ye)上廣泛用(yong)以(yi)造(zao)涂料(liao)、肥皂、印刷油和(he)(he)增(zeng)強感光材料(liao)柔和(he)(he)性油劑等(deng)。去殼(ke)制(zhi)油后的(de)紅(hong)花(hua)粕蛋(dan)白質含量為19%，是牲畜(chu)的(de)優良飼料(liao)。從中提取食用(yong)蛋(dan)白，是一種有(you)前途(tu)的(de)植物蛋(dan)白資源(yuan)。紅(hong)花(hua)花(hua)絲含有(you)紅(hong)花(hua)黃色素(su)及紅(hong)花(hua)試，是傳統的(de)中藥(yao)材，有(you)活血(xue)(xue)化淤，通經止痛之功(gong)效，主治閉經、難產、死胎、疲血(xue)(xue)作(zuo)(zuo)痛、痛腫、跌打(da)損傷等(deng)癥。

裕民無刺紅花屬油花兼用型。為喜溫油料作物，但對溫度的適應范圍較寬，一般≥5℃、積溫2000一2900℃，即可滿足生長發育需要，溫帶地區也可栽培。種子在4C以上可以發芽，5℃時發芽良好，溫度升高，發芽加速。在5℃、9℃、15℃條件下，發茅需時分別為16.2天、8.7天和3.7天。幼苗能耐一6.6℃的低溫。分枝后不耐0℃的低溫。開花后若能有24一32℃氣溫，可獲得好收成。幼苗綠色。主莖葉片大，分枝葉片小，葉片淡綠色，橢園形，較厚，葉緣無刺。株高80一100厘米，分枝高度35一40厘米，一(yi)次(ci)有(you)效分枝(zhi)(zhi)6一(yi)9個，二次(ci)有(you)效分枝(zhi)(zhi)7一(yi)10個，花(hua)紅色，全株種球10一(yi)30個，單(dan)株粒400一(yi)440粒，籽(zi)(zi)粒白色，四棱卵園形，有(you)冠毛(mao)或無冠毛(mao)，千粒重(zhong)38一(yi)45克(ke)，皮殼率52.8%，含油率28一(yi)30%。生(sheng)長期125一(yi)135天(tian)。生(sheng)長勢強，生(sheng)長整齊，適(shi)應性廣(guang)、抗(kang)寒、抗(kang)旱(han)、耐瘠(ji)薄(bo)、耐鹽(yan)堿，輕感紅花(hua)銹病。一(yi)般(ban)畝產籽(zi)(zi)95公(gong)(gong)斤，采花(hua)8公(gong)(gong)斤；高者可產籽(zi)(zi)120公(gong)(gong)斤以(yi)上，采花(hua)10公(gong)(gong)斤。

有(you)(you)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)無刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)只(zhi)是(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)形態上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差別(bie)，這種差別(bie)所導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（絲）采摘(zhai)方(fang)式對紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)后(hou)續(xu)生(sheng)長(chang)有(you)(you)著較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。有(you)(you)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)由于其植物干莖和葉(xie)片均(jun)生(sheng)長(chang)有(you)(you)刺(ci)，使(shi)得(de)人(ren)工采摘(zhai)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（絲）極其困難，在(zai)后(hou)續(xu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)共(gong)(gong)同生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2個月中，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)特別(bie)是(shi)果實飽和度受到(dao)(dao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（絲）共(gong)(gong)同生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，導(dao)致紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養指標受到(dao)(dao)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。而(er)無刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)則(ze)有(you)(you)效(xiao)解(jie)決了(le)這個問題。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（絲）被方(fang)便地采摘(zhai)后(hou)，不僅可以得(de)到(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)效(xiao)利用，更主要(yao)地，使(shi)得(de)“獨(du)享干莖養份”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)后(hou)續(xu)生(sheng)長(chang)指標得(de)到(dao)(dao)保證。因此，無刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小、飽滿度、光澤度均(jun)優于有(you)(you)刺(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)籽(zi)，無論(lun)是(shi)出(chu)油率還是(shi)亞油酸(suan)、維生(sheng)素E的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量等指標，都有(you)(you)了(le)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)。