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產地環境

裕民縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)中(zhong)國西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)，位于北(bei)緯45。41’～46。30’，東經82。12’～83。30’，阿爾泰(tai)山和天山之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的塔額盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。裕民縣(xian)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積6530平(ping)方公里，地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)南高北(bei)低，東高西(xi)低，巴(ba)爾魯克山橫(heng)臥中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。海拔高度390～3052米，山地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵、沖積平(ping)原、沼澤地(di)(di)(di)(di)等分(fen)布其間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌及自然條件(jian)(jian)復雜(za)多樣。有50萬畝(mu)(mu)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)及707萬畝(mu)(mu)草場，24條河流橫(heng)穿縣(xian)境。裕民縣(xian)屬典型溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性氣候，晝夜溫差(cha)大(da)，日(ri)照時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)長，年平(ping)均氣溫6．7℃，年平(ping)均降(jiang)水量280毫(hao)米，積雪深度34．4厘(li)米，平(ping)均日(ri)照時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)3122．6小時(shi)，無(wu)霜期156天。為紅花的種植提供了良好的條件(jian)(jian)。

品種特性

紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)一年(nian)生(sheng)或(huo)多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)草本(ben)，直(zhi)根系植物(wu)。紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)質清亮，食用可口，有(you)醫療作(zuo)用，可治高血壓(ya)、動脈(mo)硬化等心血管(guan)疾病。紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)碘價高（150），是較高級的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)性(xing)油(you)(you)類。工(gong)業上廣泛用以造涂料(liao)、肥皂、印刷(shua)油(you)(you)和增強感光(guang)材料(liao)柔和性(xing)油(you)(you)劑等。去殼制(zhi)油(you)(you)后的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)粕蛋白質含量為(wei)19%，是牲畜的(de)(de)(de)優良飼料(liao)。從中提取食用蛋白，是一種有(you)前途的(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)蛋白資源。紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲(si)含有(you)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)黃色素及(ji)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)試，是傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)中藥材，有(you)活血化淤，通經止痛之功效，主治閉(bi)經、難產、死胎、疲血作(zuo)痛、痛腫(zhong)、跌打損傷等癥(zheng)。

裕民無刺紅花屬油花兼用型。為喜溫油料作物，但對溫度的適應范圍較寬，一般≥5℃、積溫2000一2900℃，即可滿足生長發育需要，溫帶地區也可栽培。種子在4C以上可以發芽，5℃時發芽良好，溫度升高，發芽加速。在5℃、9℃、15℃條件下，發茅需時分別為16.2天、8.7天和3.7天。幼苗能耐一6.6℃的低溫。分枝后不耐0℃的低溫。開花后若能有24一32℃氣溫，可獲得好收成。幼苗綠色。主莖葉片大，分枝葉片小，葉片淡綠色，橢園形，較厚，葉緣無刺。株高80一100厘米，分枝高度35一40厘米，一(yi)次(ci)有效分(fen)枝(zhi)6一(yi)9個(ge)，二次(ci)有效分(fen)枝(zhi)7一(yi)10個(ge)，花(hua)紅色，全株(zhu)種(zhong)球10一(yi)30個(ge)，單株(zhu)粒(li)400一(yi)440粒(li)，籽(zi)粒(li)白色，四棱卵園形，有冠毛或(huo)無冠毛，千(qian)粒(li)重38一(yi)45克(ke)，皮殼率52.8%，含油(you)率28一(yi)30%。生長(chang)期125一(yi)135天。生長(chang)勢強(qiang)，生長(chang)整(zheng)齊，適應性廣(guang)、抗(kang)寒(han)、抗(kang)旱、耐(nai)瘠薄、耐(nai)鹽堿，輕感紅花(hua)銹病(bing)。一(yi)般畝產籽(zi)95公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，采(cai)(cai)花(hua)8公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)；高者可產籽(zi)120公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)以(yi)上(shang)，采(cai)(cai)花(hua)10公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。

有刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)與無刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)只是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)形(xing)態(tai)上的差別(bie)，這種差別(bie)所導(dao)致的紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)（絲(si)）采摘(zhai)方式對(dui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)后(hou)續生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)有著較大(da)的影響(xiang)。有刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)由于其(qi)植物干(gan)莖和葉片均生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)有刺(ci)(ci)(ci)，使(shi)得人工采摘(zhai)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)（絲(si)）極其(qi)困(kun)難，在(zai)后(hou)續紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)與紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)共同生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的2個月中(zhong)，紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)的生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)特別(bie)是(shi)果(guo)實飽(bao)和度(du)受到(dao)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)（絲(si)）共同生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的影響(xiang)，導(dao)致紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)中(zhong)的營養指(zhi)(zhi)標受到(dao)一定的影響(xiang)。而無刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)則有效解決了這個問題(ti)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)（絲(si)）被(bei)方便(bian)地(di)采摘(zhai)后(hou)，不僅可以得到(dao)有效利用，更(geng)主要地(di)，使(shi)得“獨享干(gan)莖養份”的紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)后(hou)續生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)指(zhi)(zhi)標得到(dao)保證。因(yin)此，無刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)的大(da)小、飽(bao)滿度(du)、光澤度(du)均優于有刺(ci)(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)，無論是(shi)出油(you)(you)率還是(shi)亞(ya)油(you)(you)酸、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素E的含量等指(zhi)(zhi)標，都有了很(hen)大(da)的提(ti)升。