產地環境
裕民(min)縣地(di)(di)處中國西北(bei)部,位于(yu)北(bei)緯45。41’~46。30’,東(dong)經(jing)82。12’~83。30’,阿爾泰山(shan)和(he)天(tian)山(shan)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)塔額盆地(di)(di)。裕民(min)縣土地(di)(di)面積6530平(ping)方公里,地(di)(di)形南高北(bei)低,東(dong)高西低,巴(ba)爾魯克山(shan)橫臥中間(jian)(jian)(jian)。海拔高度390~3052米,山(shan)地(di)(di)、丘陵、沖積平(ping)原、沼(zhao)澤地(di)(di)等分布(bu)其間(jian)(jian)(jian),地(di)(di)貌及自(zi)然條(tiao)件復(fu)雜多樣(yang)。有(you)50萬(wan)畝耕地(di)(di)及707萬(wan)畝草(cao)場,24條(tiao)河(he)流橫穿縣境。裕民(min)縣屬典型溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣候,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大(da),日(ri)照時間(jian)(jian)(jian)長(chang),年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)6.7℃,年平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)280毫米,積雪深(shen)度34.4厘米,平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照時間(jian)(jian)(jian)3122.6小時,無霜期156天(tian)。為紅(hong)花的(de)種(zhong)植提(ti)供了良好的(de)條(tiao)件。
品種特性
紅花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)或多年(nian)生(sheng)草本(ben),直根(gen)系植(zhi)物(wu)。紅花(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)質(zhi)清(qing)亮,食(shi)(shi)用(yong)可口,有(you)醫療(liao)作用(yong),可治高(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓、動脈硬化(hua)等心血(xue)(xue)(xue)管疾(ji)病。紅花(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)碘(dian)價高(gao)(150),是(shi)(shi)較高(gao)級的干性(xing)油(you)類。工業(ye)上廣泛用(yong)以(yi)造涂料(liao)、肥皂、印刷油(you)和增強感光(guang)材料(liao)柔和性(xing)油(you)劑(ji)等。去殼(ke)制油(you)后(hou)的紅花(hua)(hua)(hua)粕蛋(dan)白質(zhi)含量為(wei)19%,是(shi)(shi)牲畜的優(you)良飼料(liao)。從中提(ti)取食(shi)(shi)用(yong)蛋(dan)白,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種有(you)前途(tu)的植(zhi)物(wu)蛋(dan)白資(zi)源(yuan)。紅花(hua)(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲含有(you)紅花(hua)(hua)(hua)黃(huang)色(se)素及紅花(hua)(hua)(hua)試(shi),是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)統(tong)的中藥材,有(you)活血(xue)(xue)(xue)化(hua)淤(yu),通經(jing)止痛之功(gong)效,主治閉經(jing)、難產、死胎、疲血(xue)(xue)(xue)作痛、痛腫、跌打損(sun)傷(shang)等癥。
裕民無刺紅花屬油花兼用型。為喜溫油料作物,但對溫度的適應范圍較寬,一般≥5℃、積溫2000一2900℃,即可滿足生長發育需要,溫帶地區也可栽培。種子在4C以上可以發芽,5℃時發芽良好,溫度升高,發芽加速。在5℃、9℃、15℃條件下,發茅需時分別為16.2天、8.7天和3.7天。幼苗能耐一6.6℃的低溫。分枝后不耐0℃的低溫。開花后若能有24一32℃氣溫,可獲得好收成。幼苗綠色。主莖葉片大,分枝葉片小,葉片淡綠色,橢園形,較厚,葉緣無刺。株高80一100厘米,分枝高度35一40厘米,一(yi)(yi)次有(you)效分枝6一(yi)(yi)9個,二次有(you)效分枝7一(yi)(yi)10個,花紅(hong)色(se),全株種球(qiu)10一(yi)(yi)30個,單(dan)株粒(li)(li)400一(yi)(yi)440粒(li)(li),籽(zi)(zi)(zi)粒(li)(li)白色(se),四棱(leng)卵園形,有(you)冠毛(mao)或無冠毛(mao),千粒(li)(li)重38一(yi)(yi)45克,皮殼率52.8%,含油率28一(yi)(yi)30%。生長(chang)(chang)期125一(yi)(yi)135天。生長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)強(qiang),生長(chang)(chang)整齊,適應(ying)性廣、抗寒、抗旱、耐瘠薄、耐鹽堿,輕感紅(hong)花銹病。一(yi)(yi)般畝產籽(zi)(zi)(zi)95公(gong)斤,采花8公(gong)斤;高者可產籽(zi)(zi)(zi)120公(gong)斤以上,采花10公(gong)斤。
有刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)與無刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)只是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)形態(tai)上的(de)(de)(de)差別,這(zhe)種差別所導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(絲(si))采摘方式對紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)后(hou)續生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)有著較大的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。有刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)由于(yu)其(qi)植物(wu)干(gan)莖和葉(xie)片均(jun)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)有刺(ci)(ci),使(shi)得(de)(de)人(ren)工采摘紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(絲(si))極其(qi)困難,在后(hou)續紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)與紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)共同生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)2個月中,紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)特(te)別是(shi)(shi)果實飽和度(du)受(shou)(shou)到紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(絲(si))共同生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,導(dao)致紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)中的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)指(zhi)標(biao)受(shou)(shou)到一定的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。而無刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)則(ze)有效解決了這(zhe)個問題。紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)(絲(si))被(bei)方便地采摘后(hou),不僅可以(yi)得(de)(de)到有效利用,更(geng)主(zhu)要地,使(shi)得(de)(de)“獨享干(gan)莖養(yang)份(fen)”的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)后(hou)續生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)指(zhi)標(biao)得(de)(de)到保證。因(yin)此,無刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)大小、飽滿度(du)、光(guang)澤度(du)均(jun)優于(yu)有刺(ci)(ci)紅(hong)(hong)花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)(zi),無論是(shi)(shi)出油(you)率還是(shi)(shi)亞油(you)酸、維生(sheng)素E的(de)(de)(de)含量等指(zhi)標(biao),都有了很大的(de)(de)(de)提升。