慶(qing)陽(yang)黑(hei)山羊(yang)是甘肅省慶(qing)陽(yang)市的特產。慶(qing)陽(yang)市子(zi)午嶺林緣(yuan)區(qu)的16個鄉鎮,以(yi)保護、發(fa)展慶(qing)陽(yang)黑(hei)山羊(yang)為(wei)主,建成慶(qing)陽(yang)優質黑(hei)山羊(yang)生產基地。慶(qing)陽(yang)黑(hei)山羊(yang)是國家農產品地理標志保護產品。
形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)悠(you)久。主產(chan)區(qu)(qu)華池、環縣、合水(shui)(shui)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di),歷(li)來(lai)為我(wo)省貧瘠山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu),干旱(han)少雨,地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)復(fu)(fu)雜,水(shui)(shui)土流失嚴重(zhong),自然災(zai)害頻繁(fan),農作物(wu)產(chan)量低而不穩定(ding)(ding)。當地(di)(di)(di)干旱(han)多(duo)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候特點,適(shi)宜于羔皮(pi)、裘皮(pi)羊(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)繁(fan)殖(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)高(gao)坡陡(dou)、溝(gou)深草矮、干旱(han)缺水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing),適(shi)宜發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)體小靈活(huo)、適(shi)應性強、食物(wu)種類廣泛、耐粗飼的(de)(de)(de)(de)小型草食反芻(chu)家(jia)畜——山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)。同(tong)時,山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)方病,交通閉塞,生(sheng)活(huo)困(kun)難(nan),人口(kou)增長(chang)緩慢。在歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)使(shi)子午(wu)嶺一帶山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu),變成(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)廣人稀的(de)(de)(de)(de)牧(mu)業區(qu)(qu)。當地(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)高(gao)坡陡(dou)溝(gou)深的(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)雜地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)使(shi)善于登山(shan)(shan)爬坡,對飼養(yang)條件要求不高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang),較之其它家(jia)畜得到充分(fen)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)較快(kuai),加之羔皮(pi)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),在群眾積極(ji)選育和重(zhong)視飼養(yang)管(guan)理下(xia),當地(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)品質(zhi)不斷提高(gao),毛色趨(qu)向(xiang)一致,上(shang)世紀七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代西北(bei)農學院(yuan)-副教授曾向(xiang)有(you)關(guan)部門(men)呼吁引起了重(zhong)視,并對環縣北(bei)部和子午(wu)嶺林緣區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)進(jin)行了專門(men)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)。調(diao)(diao)查(cha)始于1980年(nian)(nian)(nian),于1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)被列(lie)入(ru)《甘肅(su)(su)省畜禽品種志》,定(ding)(ding)名(ming)為子午(wu)嶺黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang),1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)甘肅(su)(su)省畜禽品種資源調(diao)(diao)查(cha)后,命名(ming)為隴東黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang),即目(mu)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)慶(qing)陽(yang)黑山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)。“封山(shan)(shan)禁牧(mu)”實施以來(lai),羊(yang)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)由放(fang)牧(mu)半放(fang)牧(mu)轉入(ru)舍飼圈(quan)養(yang),生(sheng)產(chan)方向(xiang)也(ye)轉向(xiang)肉絨兼用(yong)。
慶(qing)(qing)陽市草場資源豐富,有(you)荒山荒坡和(he)天(tian)然草場1909萬畝,占土地(di)(di)總(zong)面積的(de)47%,其(qi)中可利用草地(di)(di)1034萬畝,占草場總(zong)面積的(de)54%。以早勝牛、慶(qing)(qing)陽黑山羊(yang)(yang)、環縣灘羊(yang)(yang)、慶(qing)(qing)陽驢、紫花苜(mu)蓿等為主(zhu)的(de)名優(you)品種凸顯出了(le)具有(you)地(di)(di)方特(te)色的(de)區域優(you)勢。
慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽黑山(shan)羊(yang)作為甘肅省慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)特有地(di)方優良(liang)種質(zhi)資源,近年來,隨(sui)著地(di)方良(liang)種的(de)保(bao)護和開(kai)發工作的(de)不斷(duan)深入(ru),慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽黑山(shan)羊(yang)申請(qing)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)登記工作迫在眉睫,經申請(qing),慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)人民政府(fu)同意慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)畜牧技術推廣中(zhong)(zhong)心作為慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽黑山(shan)羊(yang)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)登記申請(qing)人,慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)農牧局(ju)隨(sui)后劃(hua)定了慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽黑山(shan)羊(yang)生產(chan)(chan)范圍,慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽市(shi)畜牧技術推廣中(zhong)(zhong)心組織專業(ye)技術人員籌備申報材料,并對慶(qing)(qing)(qing)陽黑山(shan)羊(yang)羊(yang)肉品(pin)質(zhi)做了專業(ye)檢測(ce)。
2013年,慶(qing)陽(yang)市(shi)畜牧(mu)技術(shu)推廣中(zhong)(zhong)心申報的“慶(qing)陽(yang)黑山羊”通過農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安全中(zhong)(zhong)心審查和(he)組織(zhi)專家評審,實施國家農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標志登記保護。
地域范圍
慶陽黑山羊(yang),是在慶陽境內放(fang)牧(mu)的隴東(dong)黑山羊(yang),主(zhu)產區(qu)(qu)東(dong)部與(yu)陜西(xi)省(sheng)安塞、甘泉(quan)、富縣(xian)(xian)、黃(huang)陵相結,西(xi)部與(yu)寧(ning)夏回(hui)族自治區(qu)(qu)的同(tong)(tong)心(xin)縣(xian)(xian)、固(gu)原市(shi)相聯,南部同(tong)(tong)本省(sheng)平涼市(shi)的涇川、崇信(xin)縣(xian)(xian)及陜西(xi)省(sheng)的長(chang)武(wu)、旬(xun)邑等縣(xian)(xian)接壤,北(bei)部毗鄰寧(ning)夏的鹽池(chi)和(he)陜西(xi)省(sheng)的定(ding)邊、吳旗諸縣(xian)(xian)。主(zhu)產區(qu)(qu)地處東(dong)徑106°50,至108°70',北(bei)緯35°20'~37°20',海拔(ba)885~2082m。主(zhu)產區(qu)(qu)總面(mian)積24334k㎡ ,牧(mu)草地僅占耕地面(mian)積20.5%,荒地占38.0%,林地占10.6%,其(qi)它(ta)為12.5%。