慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)是甘肅省慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)市的(de)特產。慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)市子(zi)午嶺林緣(yuan)區的(de)16個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen),以保護、發展慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)為主(zhu),建(jian)成慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)優質黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)生產基地(di)。慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)黑(hei)(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)是國家農產品(pin)地(di)理標志保護產品(pin)。
形成歷史悠久。主(zhu)產區(qu)華(hua)池、環(huan)縣(xian)、合(he)水等地,歷來為我省貧瘠山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu),干(gan)旱(han)少雨,地形復雜,水土(tu)流(liu)失嚴重,自(zi)然(ran)災害頻繁,農(nong)作(zuo)物產量低而不(bu)穩定。當地干(gan)旱(han)多變的(de)(de)氣候特點(dian),適宜(yi)于(yu)羔皮、裘皮羊的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)繁殖(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)坡陡、溝深草矮、干(gan)旱(han)缺水的(de)(de)地形,適宜(yi)發展體(ti)小靈(ling)活(huo)、適應(ying)性強(qiang)、食物種(zhong)類廣(guang)泛(fan)、耐粗飼的(de)(de)小型草食反芻家畜(chu)——山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊。同(tong)時,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)多地方病,交通閉塞,生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)困難,人口(kou)增長(chang)緩慢(man)。在(zai)歷史上逐步使子(zi)(zi)午嶺一(yi)帶山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu),變成地廣(guang)人稀的(de)(de)牧業區(qu)。當地山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)坡陡溝深的(de)(de)復雜地形使善于(yu)登山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)爬(pa)坡,對飼養(yang)條(tiao)件要(yao)求不(bu)高(gao)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊,較(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)其它家畜(chu)得到充(chong)分(fen)發展。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊發展較(jiao)快,加之(zhi)(zhi)羔皮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊的(de)(de)發展,在(zai)群眾積極(ji)選(xuan)育和重視(shi)飼養(yang)管理下,當地山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊品(pin)(pin)質不(bu)斷提高(gao),毛色趨向(xiang)一(yi)致,上世紀(ji)七(qi)十年(nian)代西(xi)北(bei)農(nong)學院-副教授曾(ceng)向(xiang)有關部門呼吁引起了(le)重視(shi),并對環(huan)縣(xian)北(bei)部和子(zi)(zi)午嶺林緣區(qu)的(de)(de)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊進行(xing)了(le)專門調查(cha)(cha)。調查(cha)(cha)始(shi)于(yu)1980年(nian),于(yu)1982年(nian)被(bei)列入(ru)《甘肅省畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)志》,定名為子(zi)(zi)午嶺黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊,1988年(nian)甘肅省畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)資源調查(cha)(cha)后,命名為隴東黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊,即目前的(de)(de)慶陽(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊。“封山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)禁牧”實施以來,羊逐步由(you)放(fang)牧半(ban)放(fang)牧轉入(ru)舍飼圈(quan)養(yang),生(sheng)(sheng)產方向(xiang)也轉向(xiang)肉絨兼用。
慶(qing)(qing)陽市草場(chang)(chang)資(zi)源豐(feng)富,有(you)荒(huang)山荒(huang)坡(po)和(he)天(tian)然草場(chang)(chang)1909萬(wan)畝,占土(tu)地(di)(di)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)47%,其中可利用草地(di)(di)1034萬(wan)畝,占草場(chang)(chang)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)54%。以早勝(sheng)牛、慶(qing)(qing)陽黑山羊、環縣(xian)灘羊、慶(qing)(qing)陽驢、紫花苜蓿等為主(zhu)的(de)名優(you)品種凸(tu)顯出了具有(you)地(di)(di)方特色的(de)區(qu)域優(you)勢(shi)。
慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)作(zuo)為(wei)甘(gan)肅省(sheng)慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)特有地方優良(liang)種質資(zi)源,近年來(lai),隨著(zhu)地方良(liang)種的(de)保護和開發工作(zuo)的(de)不(bu)斷深入(ru),慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)申(shen)請(qing)農產品(pin)地理標志登記工作(zuo)迫在眉睫(jie),經申(shen)請(qing),慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)人民(min)政府同意慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)牧技術推廣(guang)中心作(zuo)為(wei)慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)地理標志登記申(shen)請(qing)人,慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)農牧局隨后劃定了慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)生(sheng)產范圍,慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)牧技術推廣(guang)中心組織專業技術人員籌(chou)備申(shen)報材料,并(bing)對慶(qing)(qing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)羊(yang)肉品(pin)質做了專業檢測。
2013年(nian),慶陽市畜牧技術推(tui)廣中(zhong)心申(shen)報(bao)的“慶陽黑山羊”通(tong)過農業部農產品質量(liang)安全(quan)中(zhong)心審查和組織專(zhuan)家(jia)評審,實(shi)施(shi)國家(jia)農產品地理標志(zhi)登記(ji)保護。
地域范圍
慶(qing)陽黑山羊,是(shi)在(zai)慶(qing)陽境內放牧(mu)的(de)隴東(dong)黑山羊,主(zhu)產區東(dong)部(bu)(bu)與陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)安(an)塞、甘泉、富縣(xian)、黃陵相結,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)與寧夏回族(zu)自治區的(de)同(tong)心縣(xian)、固原市相聯,南部(bu)(bu)同(tong)本省(sheng)(sheng)平涼市的(de)涇(jing)川、崇信縣(xian)及(ji)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)長武(wu)、旬邑等縣(xian)接壤,北部(bu)(bu)毗鄰(lin)寧夏的(de)鹽池和陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)定邊、吳旗諸縣(xian)。主(zhu)產區地處東(dong)徑(jing)106°50,至108°70',北緯35°20'~37°20',海拔(ba)885~2082m。主(zhu)產區總面積24334k㎡ ,牧(mu)草(cao)地僅占耕地面積20.5%,荒地占38.0%,林(lin)地占10.6%,其(qi)它為12.5%。