一.產品介紹
石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)體(ti)軀被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)青(qing)(qing)色(se)為特征,是長期自(zi)然(ran)選擇和(he)(he)飼(si)養馴化(hua)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)肉毛(mao)(mao)(mao)兼用(yong)(yong)型地(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。約有二(er)(er)(er)百五十(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)年(nian)飼(si)養歷(li)史,由于(yu)該(gai)(gai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)情溫馴,當(dang)地(di)人(ren)稱之為“憨綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。我(wo)州(zhou)在(zai)2006年(nian)畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查時,根據(ju)產地(di)、外(wai)(wai)貌(mao)特征命名為石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),經(jing)省州(zhou)多(duo)次組織專家組親(qin)臨石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)縣(xian)作(zuo)(zuo)詳細調(diao)(diao)(diao)查,認定(ding)為云(yun)南(nan)省特有的(de)(de)珍稀種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畜(chu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)。 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屬(shu)于(yu)目(mu)前(qian)所報(bao)道的(de)(de)我(wo)國地(di)方(fang)(fang)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中毛(mao)(mao)(mao)色(se)優美,體(ti)形(xing)(xing)適中的(de)(de)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據(ju)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)色(se)青(qing)(qing)色(se)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)貌(mao)特征,并經(jing)“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)化(hua)學成(cheng)分”檢(jian)測,推定(ding)在(zai)該(gai)(gai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)中含(han)有毛(mao)(mao)(mao)質青(qing)(qing)色(se)基因(yin)。該(gai)(gai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)具有行(xing)動靈活、善爬坡攀巖、耐(nai)寒、耐(nai)粗飼(si),適應性(xing)強(qiang),抗病力(li)強(qiang),飼(si)養成(cheng)本(ben)低等(deng)優點。雖然(ran)屬(shu)于(yu)未經(jing)選育的(de)(de)原生態羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),但具有較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)屠宰(zai)率、凈肉率,皮薄(bo),肉色(se)鮮紅(hong)(hong),肉質細膩,無膻味,味香可口(kou),營養豐富,在(zai)生產上具有較(jiao)好的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)及(ji)經(jing)濟開(kai)發利用(yong)(yong)前(qian)景。但石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)從何(he)地(di)而來,如何(he)演變到目(mu)前(qian)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尚無據(ju)可考。據(ju)乾隆二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(1759年(nian))《石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)州(zhou)志(zhi)(卷三)》毛(mao)(mao)(mao)部記載:“馬、牛、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)……”,推測約有二(er)(er)(er)百五十(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)年(nian)飼(si)養歷(li)史。據(ju)當(dang)地(di)彝族老人(ren)講(jiang),祖祖輩(bei)輩(bei)就飼(si)養該(gai)(gai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。由于(yu)主產區(qu)是彝族聚集(ji)的(de)(de)高(gao)寒山區(qu),交通(tong)不便(bian),彝族群(qun)眾(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)婚(hun)喪嫁(jia)娶及(ji)舉行(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重要活動都要宰(zai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),婦女喜歡用(yong)(yong)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皮做墊背(bei)、用(yong)(yong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)氈子御寒防雨防潮。由于(yu)受當(dang)地(di)彝族群(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)生產、生活、風俗(su)習慣及(ji)自(zi)然(ran)環境條(tiao)件的(de)(de)影響,經(jing)過(guo)長期自(zi)然(ran)選擇和(he)(he)飼(si)養馴化(hua),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了體(ti)型外(wai)(wai)貌(mao)較(jiao)為一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)這一(yi)獨特地(di)方(fang)(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)受到各(ge)級部門的(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)重視(shi),2009年(nian)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)云(yun)南(nan)省畜(chu)禽(qin)遺(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),2010年(nian)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)國家畜(chu)禽(qin)遺(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)縣(xian)畜(chu)牧(mu)技術(shu)推廣(guang)站參與實施(shi)的(de)(de)《紅(hong)(hong)河(he)州(zhou)畜(chu)禽(qin)遺(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查與保(bao)護(hu)項目(mu)》,其(qi)中石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源(yuan)(yuan)獲2009年(nian)度(du)云(yun)南(nan)省農業(ye)技術(shu)推廣(guang)一(yi)等(deng)獎。《石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)遺(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查與保(bao)護(hu)項目(mu)》榮(rong)獲2010年(nian)度(du)紅(hong)(hong)河(he)州(zhou)科(ke)技進(jin)步三等(deng)獎。2011年(nian)已在(zai)哨(shao)沖鎮水瓜沖村(cun)(cun)委會拖(tuo)龍黑村(cun)(cun)建青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)一(yi)個,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屏(ping)(ping)青(qing)(qing)綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)工作(zuo)(zuo)將得到進(jin)一(yi)步的(de)(de)加(jia)強(qiang)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
(1)土壤地貌(mao)情況:養殖區(qu)(qu)土壤類型以水稻土、沖(chong)積土、赤紅(hong)壤、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地紅(hong)壤、砂壤土和羊(yang)肝(gan)石土為主(zhu)。地形西北高東南低中間凹,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈走向多由西南至東北。東北部是老(lao)黑山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南部是大(da)(da)冷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),西北部是坡龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、尼白木克(ke)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),中部是硯瓦山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、筆架山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川相間,高差較大(da)(da),群山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)迭起,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)清水秀。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地面(mian)積占(zhan)全縣(xian)土地總面(mian)積的(de)95%;平地有石屏(ping)縣(xian)壩、寶秀壩、壩心壩、龍朋壩等四個較大(da)(da)的(de)壩子,平地面(mian)積僅占(zhan)全縣(xian)土地總面(mian)積的(de)5%。境內最(zui)高海拔(ba)2551.3米(mi)(mi),最(zui)低海拔(ba)259米(mi)(mi),石屏(ping)青綿羊(yang)最(zui)適宜在海拔(ba)2000米(mi)(mi)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)養殖。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況(kuang):養殖區屬紅河(he)(he)和珠江(jiang)流域之間的分水(shui)(shui)嶺地帶,共有河(he)(he)溝35條,水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富,水(shui)(shui)質清潔(jie),沒有人為和工礦(kuang)污染(ran)。主河(he)(he)流紅河(he)(he)由西北向(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)貫穿縣境(jing),境(jing)內有云(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)九大(da)高原湖泊之一的異(yi)龍湖和赤(chi)瑞(rui)湖兩個天然湖泊,水(shui)(shui)面達43.4平方公里,蓄水(shui)(shui)量1.12億立(li)方米(mi),有水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、壩塘381個,蓄水(shui)(shui)量3260立(li)方米(mi)。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:養殖(zhi)區(qu)屬云南(nan)省高(gao)原亞(ya)熱帶山(shan)地(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu),由于地(di)處高(gao)原,低緯、北(bei)回歸線(xian)橫穿南(nan)部地(di)區(qu),地(di)勢垂直差(cha)異顯著(zhu),同時受(shou)西南(nan)印度洋和東南(nan)太平(ping)洋及西北(bei)大陸(lu)干(gan)暖氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流的(de)影響,季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)較(jiao)為典型,具有(you)“四季皆有(you)夏,一雨(yu)變成秋”的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點。歷年(nian)最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)32℃,最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-3.9℃,年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)18℃;最(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)(7月(yue)(yue))平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27.7℃,最(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(1月(yue)(yue))平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)9.1℃;≥10℃的(de)有(you)效積溫(wen)5950.0℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)316天(tian);年(nian)日照時數(shu)2200小時,日照百分率(lv)為52%,有(you)效率(lv)達83%;年(nian)輻射量(liang)135.2千卡/厘米(mi);最(zui)高(gao)降雨(yu)量(liang)1200毫米(mi),最(zui)低降雨(yu)量(liang)800毫米(mi),年(nian)均降雨(yu)量(liang)961.5毫米(mi),其(qi)中5~10月(yue)(yue)份降雨(yu)量(liang)占全年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)的(de)81.3%。
三.地域范圍
石屏(ping)(ping)青綿羊主產(chan)于紅河(he)哈尼族彝族自治州(zhou)石屏(ping)(ping)縣境(jing)內,涉及異龍鎮(zhen)、寶(bao)秀鎮(zhen)、壩心鎮(zhen)、龍朋鎮(zhen)、哨沖鎮(zhen)、龍武鎮(zhen)、牛街鎮(zhen)、大(da)橋鄉、新(xin)城鄉9 個鄉鎮(zhen),地理(li)坐標為東經102°08′—102°43′,北緯23°19′—24°06′之間,南北長88公(gong)里、東西寬59公(gong)里,養殖區域范圍(wei)3037平方公(gong)里,年存欄50000只。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感官(guan)特(te)(te)征體形(xing)(xing)(xing):石(shi)屏青綿羊體格中(zhong)等,結(jie)構勻稱,體質結(jie)實,近于長方形(xing)(xing)(xing)。具有(you)行動靈(ling)活、善爬(pa)坡攀巖的獨特(te)(te)性能。 毛(mao)(mao)色(se)(se):石(shi)屏青綿羊以體軀(qu)被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)青色(se)(se)為特(te)(te)征,被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)覆(fu)蓋(gai)良好(hao),頸(jing)、背、體側被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)以青色(se)(se)為主,占85%,棕(zong)褐色(se)(se)占15%。頭(tou)部、腹下(xia)、前肢(zhi)腕關節(jie)以下(xia)、后肢(zhi)飛(fei)節(jie)以下(xia)毛(mao)(mao)短而粗,為黑(hei)色(se)(se)刺毛(mao)(mao)。被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)油汗適(shi)中(zhong),平(ping)(ping)均毛(mao)(mao)長7.41cm,膚(fu)色(se)(se)為白色(se)(se)。 頭(tou):頭(tou)大小(xiao)適(shi)中(zhong),額寬(kuan)(kuan),呈三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。鼻梁隆起,耳小(xiao)靈(ling)活不下(xia)垂,眼小(xiao)有(you)神;公母羊均無須,多(duo)為無角(jiao)(占90%),少(shao)量有(you)角(jiao)(占10%)或退化角(jiao),角(jiao)較粗,呈倒八字,灰(hui)黑(hei)色(se)(se)。頸(jing):頸(jing)長短粗細(xi)適(shi)中(zhong),無肉垂、無皺褶(zhe)。 體軀(qu):胸寬(kuan)(kuan)深、肋微拱(gong)起,背腰平(ping)(ping)直,尻(kao)部稍斜,后軀(qu)稍高,腹平(ping)(ping)不下(xia)垂。 四肢(zhi):四肢(zhi)細(xi)長,蹄(ti)質堅硬結(jie)實,多(duo)為黑(hei)色(se)(se),少(shao)量灰(hui)黑(hei)色(se)(se)。
(2)內(nei)在(zai)品質(zhi)指(zhi)標:石屏青(qing)綿(mian)羊皮薄,肉色(se)鮮紅(hong),肉質(zhi)細膩,無膻味,味香可口,營養豐富。其中,蛋白質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)≥18.5%、粗脂肪含量(liang)(liang)≤25%、氨基(ji)酸總(zong)量(liang)(liang)≥17.5%、水(shui)分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)≤78%。
(3)質量安全規(gui)定(ding)(ding):明確登記產品市場準入所遵(zun)循的(de)國家強制性技術規(gui)范(fan)名稱、具體內容(rong)和(he)相關法律法規(gui)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。嚴格按中華人民共和(he)國國家標準GB9961-2001《鮮凍胴體羊肉》執(zhi)行。