瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)東南部(bu)(bu),紅河哈尼族彝族自(zi)治州(zhou)北(bei)部(bu)(bu),國(guo)(guo)土面(mian)積1674平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)歷史(shi)(shi)悠久(jiu)(jiu),文化源遠流長。據《廣西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)府志(zhi)》記載,明(ming)洪(hong)武15年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1382年(nian)(nian)(nian))至(zhi)清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)35年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1370年(nian)(nian)(nian))設廣西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)府期(qi)間,是瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)興盛時期(qi),“商旅絡繹,車馬輻輳”就是當時的(de)(de)(de)寫照。瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內(nei)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)地(di)區氣(qi)候溫和,光照充足,降雨(yu)適(shi)中,具有(you)“冬(dong)無(wu)嚴(yan)寒、夏無(wu)酷署”的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)季風氣(qi)候,自(zi)然條件適(shi)宜果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)生長,境內(nei)果(guo)(guo)木繁多(duo),資(zi)源豐富(fu)。瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)梨(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史(shi)(shi)悠久(jiu)(jiu),據清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)《廣西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)府志(zhi)》 物(wu)產 果(guo)(guo)之屬記載:“桃 李 梅 杏 榴 梨(li)(li)(li) 柿 栗 榛 松(song) 核桃 羊棗 花紅 木瓜 楊(yang)梅 橙 山(shan)楂 橘 橄(gan)欖 ”。按(an)此推算,瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)梨(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)有(you)250年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上。 據《瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》記載:1978年(nian)(nian)(nian),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)已(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積5000余畝,約(yue)20萬(wan)株,產量約(yue)200噸。1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)引進碭山(shan)酥(su)、雪(xue)花、金花、早(zao)(zao)酥(su)等品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功(gong),至(zhi)1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)發展新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2000余畝。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)被(bei)列為(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)優(you)(you)(you)質梨(li)(li)(li)生產基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)梨(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)發展步(bu)入快速發展時期(qi)。經(jing)過“八五(wu)”、 “九五(wu)”、 “十五(wu)”、 “十一(yi)(yi)五(wu)”優(you)(you)(you)質梨(li)(li)(li)基地(di)的(de)(de)(de)建設,到目前為(wei)(wei)止,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積已(yi)發展到15萬(wan)畝,年(nian)(nian)(nian)產量達(da)12萬(wan)噸。 雪(xue)花、早(zao)(zao)酥(su)、早(zao)(zao)白蜜、美人酥(su)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較適(shi)宜當地(di)獨特氣(qi)候和環境條件,表(biao)現優(you)(you)(you)良,一(yi)(yi)直為(wei)(wei)瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)梨(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主栽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。具有(you)成(cheng)熟(shu)早(zao)(zao)(同一(yi)(yi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)比云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)梨(li)(li)(li)產區早(zao)(zao)5-8天,比北(bei)方(fang)早(zao)(zao)25-30天),高(gao)(gao)產、穩(wen)產,果(guo)(guo)形端正,果(guo)(guo)面(mian)平(ping)滑(hua),皮(pi)薄(bo),果(guo)(guo)心(xin)小(xiao),肉質細嫩(nen),石細胞少,多(duo)汁(zhi)化渣(zha),可溶性(xing)固形物(wu)含量高(gao)(gao)(≥11.00%)的(de)(de)(de)共同特性(xing)。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)參(can)加云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)首次組織優(you)(you)(you)質水(shui)果(guo)(guo)鑒品(pin)會,瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)梨(li)(li)(li)雪(xue)花品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獲得云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)優(you)(you)(you)質水(shui)果(guo)(guo)產品(pin)證(zheng)書;1997年(nian)(nian)(nian),瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)站《萬(wan)畝優(you)(you)(you)質梨(li)(li)(li)綜合技(ji)術開發》獲云(yun)(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)廳科技(ji)推廣三(san)等獎,瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)梨(li)(li)(li)早(zao)(zao)酥(su)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)參(can)加在江西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)舉辦的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)優(you)(you)(you)質農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)南方(fang)優(you)(you)(you)質早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)梨(li)(li)(li)評(ping)比獲全國(guo)(guo)第一(yi)(yi)名;瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)梨(li)(li)(li)雪(xue)花品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)在中國(guo)(guo)99昆(kun)明(ming)世界園藝博(bo)(bo)覽(lan)(lan)會室(shi)內(nei)蔬菜(cai)、水(shui)果(guo)(guo)評(ping)比獲金獎;瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)梨(li)(li)(li)早(zao)(zao)白蜜品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)在全國(guo)(guo)早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)梨(li)(li)(li)等級標準研討暨優(you)(you)(you)質產品(pin)擂(lei)臺賽上獲優(you)(you)(you)質早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)梨(li)(li)(li)獎;瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)梨(li)(li)(li)雪(xue)花品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲首屆昆(kun)明(ming)國(guo)(guo)際農(nong)(nong)業(ye)博(bo)(bo)覽(lan)(lan)會金獎;2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)露牌(pai)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)梨(li)(li)(li)被(bei)評(ping)為(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)南名牌(pai)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)稱(cheng)號。 在長期(qi)生產中,當地(di)群眾把(ba)以(yi)雪(xue)花、早(zao)(zao)酥(su)、早(zao)(zao)白蜜、美人酥(su)四個品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)梨(li)(li)(li)統稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)瀘(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)梨(li)(li)(li)。
地域范圍
瀘(lu)西高(gao)原梨生(sheng)產區(qu)域位(wei)于云南省瀘(lu)西縣境內,包括中樞鎮(zhen)、舞街(jie)鎮(zhen)、白水鎮(zhen)、金馬鎮(zhen)、舊(jiu)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)、永寧鄉(xiang)、向陽鄉(xiang)、三塘鄉(xiang)8個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)。地理(li)坐標為:東經103°30′~104°03′,北緯24°15′~24°46′,南北長54.75 ㎞,東西寬 54 ㎞,種植(zhi)面積10000公(gong)頃,年產量12萬噸(dun)。
產品品質特性特征(zheng)
(1)外觀品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi):瀘西高原梨(li)四個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)雖然大小、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)、顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)有(you)(you)一定(ding)差(cha)異,但均(jun)表現出(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端正、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)光(guang)滑(hua)等(deng)共同(tong)特性。紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)梨(li)系列兩個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)早(zao)白(bai)蜜、美(mei)(mei)人酥(su)(su)(su)顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)獨(du)特,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)均(jun)覆紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)彩暈,外觀艷麗。而(er)每個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)又(you)具有(you)(you)獨(du)特的外觀特征,具體(ti)為:雪花(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)橢圓端正,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)綠黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),貯(zhu)后變黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),蠟質(zhi)(zhi)薄有(you)(you)光(guang)澤,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點大而(er)明顯;早(zao)酥(su)(su)(su)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)橢圓形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)綠黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)平滑(hua),有(you)(you)光(guang)澤,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點小或不明顯;早(zao)白(bai)蜜品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)倒(dao)卵(luan)形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),陽(yang)面(mian)間具紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)暈,蠟質(zhi)(zhi)薄有(you)(you)光(guang)澤;美(mei)(mei)人酥(su)(su)(su)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)近倒(dao)卵(luan)園形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)淡白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)黃(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)覆。
(2)內在品質:瀘西高原梨(li)四個品種果肉均為白(bai)(bai)色,雪(xue)花、早(zao)(zao)白(bai)(bai)蜜味道蜜甜,早(zao)(zao)酥、美人酥味甜微酸。都具(ju)有皮薄(bo),肉質脆、細嫩、 多汁無(wu)渣,果心小,營(ying)養豐富的共同特性。其中,硬度(du)≥2.50kgf/平方厘米,可溶性固形物含量(liang)≥11.00%,總(zong)糖≥7.00%,維生(sheng)素(su)C≥2.5mg/100g,水分≥80%。
(3)安全要求:瀘西高原梨產(chan)地環境按(an)照NY5013-2006《無(wu)公害食品梨產(chan)地環境條件(jian)》執行;生產(chan)嚴格按(an)照GB/T10650-2008《鮮梨》的有關規定(ding)執行。