地理分布
產地及環境
中甸(dian)牦牛的(de)主要產區,海拔3000~4000米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)5.4℃,極端最高(gao)(gao)氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)24.9℃,極端最低氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)-25.4℃,7月平均氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)13.2℃,12月至翌年(nian)(nian)2月平均氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)-1.5~3.7℃,≥10℃積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)1398.7℃。無霜(shuang)期128天,年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量(liang)620毫米(mi),年(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)1713.4毫米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平均相對(dui)濕度為(wei)(wei)70%。年(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)雪日(ri)為(wei)(wei)24.8天。草(cao)場(chang)(chang)屬高(gao)(gao)山草(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)場(chang)(chang),植被蓋度在85%以上(shang)。草(cao)場(chang)(chang)水源豐富,7~9月間牧草(cao)高(gao)(gao)度為(wei)(wei)20~35厘米(mi)。海拔4000~4500米(mi)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)山苔(tai)原及高(gao)(gao)山冰漠帶,植被為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)山杜鵑灌叢、高(gao)(gao)山嵩草(cao)等(deng),是(shi)牦牛的(de)夏季牧場(chang)(chang)。
分布
香(xiang)格里(li)拉(la)牦牛主(zhu)要分布(bu)于云(yun)南省迪(di)慶藏族(zu)自治(zhi)州的香(xiang)格里(li)拉(la)縣(xian),得欽(qin)縣(xian)和維西縣(xian)等也有分布(bu)。
品種特征
香格(ge)(ge)里拉牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)體質(zhi)結(jie)實,體軀(qu)粗短(duan),體格(ge)(ge)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)一,尼汝,格(ge)(ge)咱地(di)區的較(jiao)(jiao)大(da);大(da)中甸、小(xiao)(xiao)中甸、東旺(wang)等(deng)地(di)的較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)。公(gong)、母牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)均有角(jiao)(jiao)。眼圓大(da)有神,耳小(xiao)(xiao),額寬(kuan)顏面部稍凹。頸(jing)(jing)薄、垂(chui)皮不(bu)(bu)明顯(xian)。胸深(shen)、背(bei)平直,尻斜,四肢結(jie)實,蹄(ti)大(da)鈍圓,尾較(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)。公(gong)牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)頭(tou)大(da)額寬(kuan),角(jiao)(jiao)基粗,兩角(jiao)(jiao)間(jian)距離大(da),角(jiao)(jiao)尖(jian)多向上向前開(kai)張(zhang)呈弧形(xing)。頸(jing)(jing)較(jiao)(jiao)粗,鬐甲(jia)稍聳立,向后(hou)漸傾(qing),背(bei)平直顯(xian)得較(jiao)(jiao)短(duan),十字部微(wei)隆(long)起,胸部比母牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)開(kai)闊,母牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)頭(tou)較(jiao)(jiao)輕(qing)乖,角(jiao)(jiao)細長(chang),角(jiao)(jiao)尖(jian)多略向后(hou)開(kai)張(zhang)呈弧形(xing)。頸(jing)(jing)薄而(er)窄,鬐甲(jia)不(bu)(bu)顯(xian)著。乳(ru)房(fang)小(xiao)(xiao),乳(ru)頭(tou)短(duan),乳(ru)靜脈不(bu)(bu)發達。中甸牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)全(quan)身盡毛色者居多,黑白花次之,其余(yu)為全(quan)身黑毛而(er)額心、肢端、尾部有白斑或白毛者等(deng)。
品種性能
香格(ge)里拉牦牛成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)牛體高、體長、胸圍、管圍和體重分(fen)別為(wei):119.05±8.07厘(li)(li)米(mi),126.87±11.61厘(li)(li)米(mi),162.15±10.83厘(li)(li)米(mi),17.60±1.05厘(li)(li)米(mi),234.55±35.81公(gong)(gong)斤,成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)母牛分(fen)別為(wei):105.23±5.25厘(li)(li)米(mi),117.06±8.37厘(li)(li)米(mi),153.71±22.99厘(li)(li)米(mi),16.08±1.12厘(li)(li)米(mi),192.47±27.50公(gong)(gong)斤。中旬牦牛每年(nian)(nian)5~6月剪毛,成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)牦牛平(ping)均產毛量為(wei)3.55±0.34公(gong)(gong)斤,成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)母牦牛平(ping)均產毛量為(wei)1.32±0.33公(gong)(gong)斤。