地理分布
產地及環境
中甸(dian)牦牛的主要產區(qu),海拔(ba)3000~4000米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)5.4℃,極端最(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24.9℃,極端最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-25.4℃,7月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)13.2℃,12月至(zhi)翌年(nian)(nian)2月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-1.5~3.7℃,≥10℃積溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1398.7℃。無霜期128天,年(nian)(nian)降水量620毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)蒸發量1713.4毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對(dui)濕度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)70%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雪日為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24.8天。草(cao)場(chang)(chang)屬高山(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)場(chang)(chang),植被蓋度(du)(du)在85%以上。草(cao)場(chang)(chang)水源豐(feng)富,7~9月間牧(mu)草(cao)高度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20~35厘(li)米(mi)。海拔(ba)4000~4500米(mi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高山(shan)苔原(yuan)及高山(shan)冰(bing)漠帶(dai),植被為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高山(shan)杜鵑灌叢、高山(shan)嵩草(cao)等(deng),是牦牛的夏季(ji)牧(mu)場(chang)(chang)。
分布
香格(ge)里(li)拉牦(mao)牛主要分布于云南省迪(di)慶(qing)藏族(zu)自治州的香格(ge)里(li)拉縣,得(de)欽縣和維西縣等(deng)也有分布。
品種特征
香格里拉牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)體(ti)質結實,體(ti)軀粗短(duan),體(ti)格大小不(bu)(bu)一,尼汝,格咱(zan)地(di)區的較大;大中(zhong)甸(dian)、小中(zhong)甸(dian)、東(dong)旺(wang)等(deng)地(di)的較小。公、母(mu)牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)均有(you)(you)角。眼圓大有(you)(you)神,耳小,額(e)寬顏面部稍(shao)凹。頸(jing)薄(bo)(bo)、垂(chui)皮不(bu)(bu)明顯(xian)。胸深、背(bei)平(ping)直,尻斜(xie),四肢(zhi)結實,蹄大鈍圓,尾較短(duan)。公牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)頭(tou)大額(e)寬,角基粗,兩角間距離(li)大,角尖多向(xiang)上向(xiang)前開張呈弧形(xing)。頸(jing)較粗,鬐甲(jia)稍(shao)聳立,向(xiang)后漸傾(qing),背(bei)平(ping)直顯(xian)得較短(duan),十字部微隆(long)起,胸部比母(mu)牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)開闊,母(mu)牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)頭(tou)較輕乖,角細長,角尖多略向(xiang)后開張呈弧形(xing)。頸(jing)薄(bo)(bo)而窄,鬐甲(jia)不(bu)(bu)顯(xian)著(zhu)。乳房小,乳頭(tou)短(duan),乳靜(jing)脈不(bu)(bu)發(fa)達(da)。中(zhong)甸(dian)牦(mao)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)(niu)全身盡毛(mao)(mao)色者(zhe)(zhe)居多,黑白花次之,其余為(wei)全身黑毛(mao)(mao)而額(e)心、肢(zhi)端、尾部有(you)(you)白斑(ban)或白毛(mao)(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)等(deng)。
品種性能
香(xiang)格里拉牦牛(niu)成年(nian)公(gong)牛(niu)體高、體長、胸(xiong)圍、管圍和(he)體重分別(bie)為(wei):119.05±8.07厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米,126.87±11.61厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米,162.15±10.83厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米,17.60±1.05厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米,234.55±35.81公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),成年(nian)母(mu)牛(niu)分別(bie)為(wei):105.23±5.25厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米,117.06±8.37厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米,153.71±22.99厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米,16.08±1.12厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米,192.47±27.50公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。中旬(xun)牦牛(niu)每(mei)年(nian)5~6月剪毛(mao),成年(nian)公(gong)牦牛(niu)平(ping)均產毛(mao)量為(wei)3.55±0.34公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),成年(nian)母(mu)牦牛(niu)平(ping)均產毛(mao)量為(wei)1.32±0.33公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。