產地及環境
產(chan)區地處(chu)青(qing)藏高原(yuan)(yuan),地形復雜(za),大體可分為(wei)(wei)高山區、半高山區和河谷區。高山區海拔3000米(mi)以上(shang),屬牧(mu)區。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫1~7℃(最高27.7℃,最低(di)-28.6℃),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)40~129天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)640毫米(mi)左右(you)。境內(nei)牧(mu)場寬(kuan)廣,屬高原(yuan)(yuan)草(cao)甸草(cao)地,牧(mu)草(cao)以禾本(ben)科(ke)(ke),莎草(cao)科(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),少量(liang)為(wei)(wei)豆(dou)(dou)科(ke)(ke)、薔薇科(ke)(ke)。農作物一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)熟,以青(qing)稞、春小麥(mai)(mai)、馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),蕎麥(mai)(mai)、燕(yan)麥(mai)(mai)、蔓青(qing)等(deng)次(ci)之(zhi)。畜牧(mu)業較發達,以牦牛,綿(mian)羊(yang)量(liang)多,馬(ma)次(ci)之(zhi),豬(zhu)較少,以常年(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧(mu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。半山區海拔在2000~3000米(mi)之(zhi)間,屬半農半牧(mu)區,是藏豬(zhu)的主(zhu)要產(chan)區。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫7~12℃(最高30.2℃,最低(di)-15℃),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)110~190天。氣(qi)(qi)候干(gan)燥(zao),日照長。農作物—年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)熟或兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)三熟,以青(qing)稞、小麥(mai)(mai)、玉米(mi)和馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)、豌(wan)豆(dou)(dou)次(ci)之(zhi)。畜牧(mu)業以羊(yang)、牛為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),其次(ci)是豬(zhu)。河谷區海拔在2000米(mi)以下,屬農區。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫12~18℃(最高35℃,最低(di)-3℃),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)180~300天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)850毫米(mi)左右(you)。農作物一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)兩(liang)熟,主(zhu)產(chan)小麥(mai)(mai)、玉米(mi),其次(ci)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)稻、青(qing)稞、馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)等(deng)。畜牧(mu)業以豬(zhu)、羊(yang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),其次(ci)是牛、馬(ma)。
地理分布
迪慶藏豬主要分(fen)布(bu)在云南(nan)省的(de)迪慶藏族自治州等地(di)。
生活習性
迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)終年放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu),飼養(yang)管理粗放(fang),與(yu)牛、羊混群或單群放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu),以采(cai)食蕨(jue)麻、酸(suan)酸(suan)草(cao)、野(ye)蒿、野(ye)胡(hu)蘿卜、珠芽寥(liao)、野(ye)苜蓿(xu)等牧(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)、草(cao)籽和橡樹等的落果(guo)、農(nong)作物的落谷為(wei)主。夏(xia)秋季(ji)(約5~10月份(fen))野(ye)生飼料豐富,冬春季(ji)則以蕨(jue)麻和草(cao)根(gen)為(wei)主。迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)性能良好,每日放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)10小時左右,據測定放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)采(cai)食時間占(zhan)86%.游走和休(xiu)息時間占(zhan)15%,采(cai)食率14.07%。
形態特征
迪(di)(di)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)藏(zang)(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)均體(ti)重(zhong)42.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),體(ti)長96.50厘米,胸圍77.20厘米,體(ti)高(gao)52.10厘米;成年(nian)(nian)(nian)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相應為:54.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),100.13厘米,87.01厘米,53.95厘米。在(zai)放牧條(tiao)件下,母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)般年(nian)(nian)(nian)產仔(zi)一(yi)窩。仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)初生(sheng)重(zhong)0.4~0.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),2~3月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)時自然斷(duan)乳(ru),斷(duan)乳(ru)體(ti)重(zhong)2~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。由于飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理條(tiao)件差,母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)性野和野獸猛(meng)禽的(de)侵害,哺育(yu)率較低(di)。迪(di)(di)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)藏(zang)(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)終(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧條(tiao)件下,肥育(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)緩慢。12月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)體(ti)重(zhong)20~25公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),24月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)35~40公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。在(zai)舍飼(si)條(tiao)件下,用每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)含消化能(neng)3.3兆卡,消化粗蛋(dan)白166克(ke)的(de)混合(he)料不(bu)限量(liang)飼(si)養(yang)(yang),307日齡(ling)(ling)體(ti)重(zhong)達53.0公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),日增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)173克(ke),每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)耗混合(he)料5.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。迪(di)(di)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)藏(zang)(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)適應惡劣的(de)高(gao)原氣候、終(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧和低(di)劣的(de)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理條(tiao)件,但屠宰率不(bu)高(gao),皮較薄,胴體(ti)中瘦(shou)肉較多,采(cai)用舍飼(si)不(bu)限量(liang)飼(si)養(yang)(yang),雖增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)較快、屠宰率提(ti)高(gao),但胴體(ti)中脂(zhi)肪含量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)多。