產地及環境
產(chan)區(qu)地(di)處(chu)青(qing)藏高原,地(di)形復(fu)雜,大體可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)高山區(qu)、半(ban)高山區(qu)和河(he)谷區(qu)。高山區(qu)海拔3000米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang),屬(shu)(shu)牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)1~7℃(最(zui)(zui)高27.7℃,最(zui)(zui)低-28.6℃),無霜期(qi)40~129天(tian),年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量640毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右。境(jing)內牧(mu)(mu)場寬(kuan)廣,屬(shu)(shu)高原草(cao)甸草(cao)地(di),牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)以(yi)(yi)禾本科(ke),莎草(cao)科(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),少量為(wei)(wei)(wei)豆(dou)科(ke)、薔薇(wei)科(ke)。農(nong)作物一(yi)年(nian)一(yi)熟(shu)(shu),以(yi)(yi)青(qing)稞(ke)、春(chun)小(xiao)麥(mai)、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),蕎麥(mai)、燕(yan)麥(mai)、蔓(man)青(qing)等次(ci)之(zhi)。畜牧(mu)(mu)業較發達,以(yi)(yi)牦牛,綿(mian)羊(yang)量多,馬(ma)次(ci)之(zhi),豬(zhu)(zhu)較少,以(yi)(yi)常(chang)年(nian)放牧(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。半(ban)山區(qu)海拔在(zai)2000~3000米(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間,屬(shu)(shu)半(ban)農(nong)半(ban)牧(mu)(mu)區(qu),是藏豬(zhu)(zhu)的主(zhu)要產(chan)區(qu)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)7~12℃(最(zui)(zui)高30.2℃,最(zui)(zui)低-15℃),無霜期(qi)110~190天(tian)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候干燥,日照長。農(nong)作物—年(nian)一(yi)熟(shu)(shu)或兩年(nian)三熟(shu)(shu),以(yi)(yi)青(qing)稞(ke)、小(xiao)麥(mai)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)和馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),蠶豆(dou)、豌豆(dou)次(ci)之(zhi)。畜牧(mu)(mu)業以(yi)(yi)羊(yang)、牛為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),其次(ci)是豬(zhu)(zhu)。河(he)谷區(qu)海拔在(zai)2000米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)下,屬(shu)(shu)農(nong)區(qu)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12~18℃(最(zui)(zui)高35℃,最(zui)(zui)低-3℃),無霜期(qi)180~300天(tian),年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量850毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右。農(nong)作物一(yi)年(nian)兩熟(shu)(shu),主(zhu)產(chan)小(xiao)麥(mai)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi),其次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)稻、青(qing)稞(ke)、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯等。畜牧(mu)(mu)業以(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)(zhu)、羊(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),其次(ci)是牛、馬(ma)。
地理分布
迪慶(qing)藏豬(zhu)主要分布在云南省(sheng)的迪慶(qing)藏族自治州等地。
生活習性
迪(di)慶藏豬(zhu)終年放牧(mu)(mu)(mu),飼(si)養管理粗(cu)放,與牛、羊(yang)混群或(huo)單群放牧(mu)(mu)(mu),以采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)蕨麻、酸酸草、野(ye)蒿、野(ye)胡(hu)蘿卜、珠芽寥、野(ye)苜蓿等(deng)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)草、草籽和橡樹(shu)等(deng)的落(luo)(luo)果、農作(zuo)物的落(luo)(luo)谷為主。夏秋季(ji)(約5~10月份)野(ye)生飼(si)料豐富,冬春季(ji)則以蕨麻和草根為主。迪(di)慶藏豬(zhu)放牧(mu)(mu)(mu)性能良好,每(mei)日放牧(mu)(mu)(mu)10小時左右(you),據(ju)測定放牧(mu)(mu)(mu)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)時間占86%.游走和休息(xi)時間占15%,采(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)率14.07%。
形態特征
迪(di)慶藏豬(zhu)(zhu)成年公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)平均(jun)體重(zhong)42.20公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),體長96.50厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),胸圍77.20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),體高(gao)52.10厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);成年母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)相應為:54.34公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),100.13厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),87.01厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),53.95厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。在(zai)放(fang)牧(mu)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)一般年產仔一窩(wo)。仔豬(zhu)(zhu)初(chu)生重(zhong)0.4~0.6公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),2~3月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)時自然斷(duan)乳(ru),斷(duan)乳(ru)體重(zhong)2~5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。由于飼(si)養(yang)管理條(tiao)件(jian)差,母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)性野(ye)和野(ye)獸猛禽的(de)(de)侵(qin)害,哺育率(lv)(lv)較低。迪(di)慶藏豬(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)終(zhong)年放(fang)牧(mu)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),肥育豬(zhu)(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)緩(huan)慢。12月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)體重(zhong)20~25公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),24月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)35~40公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。在(zai)舍飼(si)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),用(yong)每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)含(han)消化能3.3兆卡(ka),消化粗蛋白166克的(de)(de)混(hun)合料(liao)不(bu)限量飼(si)養(yang),307日齡(ling)(ling)體重(zhong)達53.0公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),日增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)173克,每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)耗混(hun)合料(liao)5.24公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。迪(di)慶藏豬(zhu)(zhu)能適應惡劣的(de)(de)高(gao)原(yuan)氣(qi)候、終(zhong)年放(fang)牧(mu)和低劣的(de)(de)飼(si)養(yang)管理條(tiao)件(jian),但屠宰(zai)(zai)率(lv)(lv)不(bu)高(gao),皮(pi)較薄,胴(dong)體中瘦(shou)肉較多,采用(yong)舍飼(si)不(bu)限量飼(si)養(yang),雖增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)較快、屠宰(zai)(zai)率(lv)(lv)提高(gao),但胴(dong)體中脂肪含(han)量增(zeng)(zeng)多。