產地及環境
產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地處(chu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)藏高原(yuan),地形復雜,大體可分(fen)為(wei)高山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、半(ban)高山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)河谷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。高山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海拔(ba)3000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),屬(shu)(shu)牧(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)1~7℃(最高27.7℃,最低(di)-28.6℃),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期40~129天(tian),年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)640毫米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。境內牧(mu)場寬廣,屬(shu)(shu)高原(yuan)草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)地,牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)禾(he)本科(ke),莎草(cao)(cao)科(ke)為(wei)主,少(shao)量(liang)為(wei)豆(dou)科(ke)、薔薇科(ke)。農(nong)作物一(yi)(yi)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)熟(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、春小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)、馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)為(wei)主,蕎麥(mai)(mai)、燕麥(mai)(mai)、蔓(man)青(qing)(qing)(qing)等次(ci)之。畜牧(mu)業(ye)較發達(da),以(yi)(yi)(yi)牦牛,綿羊量(liang)多(duo),馬(ma)次(ci)之,豬較少(shao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)常年(nian)放牧(mu)為(wei)主。半(ban)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海拔(ba)在2000~3000米(mi)(mi)之間,屬(shu)(shu)半(ban)農(nong)半(ban)牧(mu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),是藏豬的主要產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)7~12℃(最高30.2℃,最低(di)-15℃),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期110~190天(tian)。氣候干燥,日照長。農(nong)作物—年(nian)一(yi)(yi)熟(shu)或兩年(nian)三熟(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)、玉米(mi)(mi)和(he)馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)為(wei)主,蠶豆(dou)、豌豆(dou)次(ci)之。畜牧(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)羊、牛為(wei)主,其(qi)(qi)次(ci)是豬。河谷區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)海拔(ba)在2000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下,屬(shu)(shu)農(nong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)12~18℃(最高35℃,最低(di)-3℃),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期180~300天(tian),年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)850毫米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。農(nong)作物一(yi)(yi)年(nian)兩熟(shu),主產(chan)(chan)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)、玉米(mi)(mi),其(qi)(qi)次(ci)為(wei)水(shui)稻、青(qing)(qing)(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)等。畜牧(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)豬、羊為(wei)主,其(qi)(qi)次(ci)是牛、馬(ma)。
地理分布
迪慶(qing)藏豬主要分(fen)布在(zai)云南省的迪慶(qing)藏族自治(zhi)州等地。
生活習性
迪慶藏豬(zhu)終年放(fang)牧(mu)(mu),飼養管理粗放(fang),與牛、羊混群(qun)或(huo)單群(qun)放(fang)牧(mu)(mu),以(yi)采食(shi)(shi)蕨麻(ma)、酸酸草(cao)、野(ye)(ye)蒿、野(ye)(ye)胡蘿卜、珠芽寥、野(ye)(ye)苜蓿(xu)等牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)、草(cao)籽和(he)(he)橡樹(shu)等的落(luo)果(guo)、農作物的落(luo)谷為(wei)主。夏秋季(約(yue)5~10月份)野(ye)(ye)生飼料豐富,冬春季則以(yi)蕨麻(ma)和(he)(he)草(cao)根為(wei)主。迪慶藏豬(zhu)放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)性(xing)能(neng)良好,每(mei)日放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)10小(xiao)時左(zuo)右,據測定放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)采食(shi)(shi)時間占86%.游走(zou)和(he)(he)休息(xi)時間占15%,采食(shi)(shi)率(lv)14.07%。
形態特征
迪(di)(di)慶藏豬(zhu)成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)平均體重42.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),體長96.50厘(li)米(mi),胸圍77.20厘(li)米(mi),體高52.10厘(li)米(mi);成(cheng)年(nian)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)相應為:54.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),100.13厘(li)米(mi),87.01厘(li)米(mi),53.95厘(li)米(mi)。在放(fang)牧條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)年(nian)產(chan)仔(zi)一(yi)(yi)窩。仔(zi)豬(zhu)初生重0.4~0.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),2~3月齡(ling)時自然斷(duan)(duan)乳,斷(duan)(duan)乳體重2~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。由于飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)(li)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)差,母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)性野(ye)和(he)野(ye)獸猛禽的侵害,哺育率較(jiao)(jiao)低。迪(di)(di)慶藏豬(zhu)在終(zhong)年(nian)放(fang)牧條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia),肥育豬(zhu)增重緩慢(man)。12月齡(ling)體重20~25公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),24月齡(ling)35~40公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。在舍飼(si)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia),用每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)含(han)消(xiao)化(hua)能3.3兆卡,消(xiao)化(hua)粗(cu)蛋白166克的混(hun)合(he)料不限(xian)量飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang),307日齡(ling)體重達53.0公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),日增重173克,每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)增重耗混(hun)合(he)料5.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。迪(di)(di)慶藏豬(zhu)能適(shi)應惡劣的高原(yuan)氣候、終(zhong)年(nian)放(fang)牧和(he)低劣的飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)(li)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian),但(dan)屠(tu)宰率不高,皮(pi)較(jiao)(jiao)薄,胴體中瘦肉較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo),采用舍飼(si)不限(xian)量飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang),雖增重較(jiao)(jiao)快、屠(tu)宰率提(ti)高,但(dan)胴體中脂(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)量增多(duo)。