產地及環境
產區(qu)(qu)地處青(qing)藏(zang)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan),地形復雜,大體可分為(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)、半高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)和(he)河(he)谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)。高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)3000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,屬(shu)牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫1~7℃(最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)27.7℃,最(zui)(zui)低-28.6℃),無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)40~129天,年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)640毫米(mi)(mi)左右。境內牧(mu)(mu)場寬廣,屬(shu)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)草(cao)甸草(cao)地,牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禾本(ben)科(ke),莎(sha)草(cao)科(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),少量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)豆科(ke)、薔薇(wei)科(ke)。農作物(wu)一(yi)年(nian)一(yi)熟,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)青(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、春小麥(mai)、馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),蕎麥(mai)、燕(yan)麥(mai)、蔓青(qing)等次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)較發達,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)牦牛,綿羊(yang)量(liang)(liang)多,馬(ma)次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),豬(zhu)較少,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常年(nian)放牧(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。半山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)在2000~3000米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),屬(shu)半農半牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu),是(shi)藏(zang)豬(zhu)的主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)產區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫7~12℃(最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)30.2℃,最(zui)(zui)低-15℃),無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)110~190天。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)干燥,日照長(chang)。農作物(wu)—年(nian)一(yi)熟或兩(liang)年(nian)三熟,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)青(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、小麥(mai)、玉米(mi)(mi)和(he)馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),蠶豆、豌豆次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)羊(yang)、牛為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),其次(ci)是(shi)豬(zhu)。河(he)谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔(ba)在2000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),屬(shu)農區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫12~18℃(最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)35℃,最(zui)(zui)低-3℃),無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)180~300天,年(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)850毫米(mi)(mi)左右。農作物(wu)一(yi)年(nian)兩(liang)熟,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產小麥(mai)、玉米(mi)(mi),其次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)稻、青(qing)稞(ke)(ke)、馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)等。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)、羊(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),其次(ci)是(shi)牛、馬(ma)。
地理分布
迪慶藏豬主要分布(bu)在(zai)云南省的迪慶藏族自治州等地。
生活習性
迪慶藏豬終年放牧(mu),飼(si)養管理(li)粗(cu)放,與(yu)牛、羊混群或單(dan)群放牧(mu),以采(cai)食(shi)(shi)蕨(jue)麻、酸(suan)酸(suan)草、野蒿、野胡蘿卜、珠芽寥、野苜蓿等牧(mu)草、草籽和(he)橡樹等的(de)落果(guo)、農作物的(de)落谷為(wei)主。夏秋季(約5~10月份)野生飼(si)料豐富,冬春(chun)季則以蕨(jue)麻和(he)草根(gen)為(wei)主。迪慶藏豬放牧(mu)性能良好,每日放牧(mu)10小時(shi)左(zuo)右,據測定(ding)放牧(mu)采(cai)食(shi)(shi)時(shi)間占86%.游走和(he)休息時(shi)間占15%,采(cai)食(shi)(shi)率(lv)14.07%。
形態特征
迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)成年公豬(zhu)(zhu)平均體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)42.20公斤(jin),體長96.50厘米(mi)(mi),胸圍77.20厘米(mi)(mi),體高(gao)52.10厘米(mi)(mi);成年母豬(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)應為:54.34公斤(jin),100.13厘米(mi)(mi),87.01厘米(mi)(mi),53.95厘米(mi)(mi)。在(zai)(zai)放牧條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia),母豬(zhu)(zhu)一般年產仔一窩。仔豬(zhu)(zhu)初生重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.4~0.6公斤(jin),2~3月齡(ling)(ling)時自然斷乳,斷乳體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2~5公斤(jin)。由(you)于飼養(yang)管理(li)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)差,母豬(zhu)(zhu)性野和(he)野獸猛禽的(de)侵害,哺育(yu)率(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)低。迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)終年放牧條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia),肥育(yu)豬(zhu)(zhu)增(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)緩慢(man)。12月齡(ling)(ling)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20~25公斤(jin),24月齡(ling)(ling)35~40公斤(jin)。在(zai)(zai)舍飼條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia),用每公斤(jin)含消化能3.3兆卡,消化粗蛋白166克(ke)的(de)混合(he)料(liao)不限量(liang)飼養(yang),307日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)體重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達53.0公斤(jin),日(ri)增(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)173克(ke),每公斤(jin)增(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耗(hao)混合(he)料(liao)5.24公斤(jin)。迪(di)慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)(zhu)能適應惡劣的(de)高(gao)原氣(qi)候、終年放牧和(he)低劣的(de)飼養(yang)管理(li)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian),但屠宰率(lv)不高(gao),皮較(jiao)(jiao)薄,胴體中瘦肉較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo),采用舍飼不限量(liang)飼養(yang),雖增(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)快、屠宰率(lv)提高(gao),但胴體中脂肪含量(liang)增(zeng)多(duo)。