產地及環境
產(chan)(chan)區地(di)處青(qing)藏高(gao)原(yuan),地(di)形(xing)復雜,大體(ti)可分為高(gao)山區、半(ban)高(gao)山區和(he)河谷區。高(gao)山區海拔(ba)3000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,屬牧(mu)(mu)區。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫1~7℃(最(zui)高(gao)27.7℃,最(zui)低(di)(di)-28.6℃),無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)40~129天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)640毫米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右。境(jing)內牧(mu)(mu)場寬廣,屬高(gao)原(yuan)草甸(dian)草地(di),牧(mu)(mu)草以(yi)(yi)(yi)禾本科(ke),莎草科(ke)為主(zhu)(zhu),少量(liang)為豆(dou)(dou)科(ke)、薔薇科(ke)。農作物一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟,以(yi)(yi)(yi)青(qing)稞(ke)、春小(xiao)麥、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯為主(zhu)(zhu),蕎麥、燕麥、蔓青(qing)等次(ci)(ci)(ci)之。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)較發(fa)達(da),以(yi)(yi)(yi)牦(mao)牛,綿羊量(liang)多(duo),馬(ma)次(ci)(ci)(ci)之,豬較少,以(yi)(yi)(yi)常年(nian)(nian)(nian)放牧(mu)(mu)為主(zhu)(zhu)。半(ban)山區海拔(ba)在(zai)2000~3000米(mi)(mi)之間,屬半(ban)農半(ban)牧(mu)(mu)區,是(shi)藏豬的主(zhu)(zhu)要產(chan)(chan)區。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫7~12℃(最(zui)高(gao)30.2℃,最(zui)低(di)(di)-15℃),無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)110~190天(tian)(tian)。氣(qi)候干燥,日照長。農作物—年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)熟或兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)三熟,以(yi)(yi)(yi)青(qing)稞(ke)、小(xiao)麥、玉米(mi)(mi)和(he)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯為主(zhu)(zhu),蠶豆(dou)(dou)、豌(wan)豆(dou)(dou)次(ci)(ci)(ci)之。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)羊、牛為主(zhu)(zhu),其(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)豬。河谷區海拔(ba)在(zai)2000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下,屬農區。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫12~18℃(最(zui)高(gao)35℃,最(zui)低(di)(di)-3℃),無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)180~300天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)850毫米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右。農作物一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)兩熟,主(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)小(xiao)麥、玉米(mi)(mi),其(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)為水稻、青(qing)稞(ke)、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯等。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)豬、羊為主(zhu)(zhu),其(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)牛、馬(ma)。
地理分布
迪(di)慶(qing)藏(zang)(zang)豬(zhu)主要分布在云南省的迪(di)慶(qing)藏(zang)(zang)族自治州等地(di)。
生活習性
迪慶藏豬(zhu)終年放(fang)牧(mu),飼養(yang)管理粗放(fang),與牛、羊混群或(huo)單群放(fang)牧(mu),以采(cai)食(shi)蕨(jue)麻、酸酸草(cao)、野蒿、野胡蘿卜(bu)、珠芽寥、野苜蓿等牧(mu)草(cao)、草(cao)籽和橡樹等的落果、農作物的落谷(gu)為主。夏秋季(約5~10月(yue)份)野生飼料豐富,冬(dong)春季則以蕨(jue)麻和草(cao)根(gen)為主。迪慶藏豬(zhu)放(fang)牧(mu)性(xing)能(neng)良好,每(mei)日放(fang)牧(mu)10小(xiao)時左右,據測定(ding)放(fang)牧(mu)采(cai)食(shi)時間占86%.游走和休息時間占15%,采(cai)食(shi)率14.07%。
形態特征
迪慶(qing)藏(zang)(zang)豬(zhu)成年(nian)(nian)公(gong)豬(zhu)平均體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)42.20公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),體(ti)長96.50厘(li)米(mi),胸圍(wei)77.20厘(li)米(mi),體(ti)高52.10厘(li)米(mi);成年(nian)(nian)母(mu)豬(zhu)相(xiang)應(ying)為:54.34公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),100.13厘(li)米(mi),87.01厘(li)米(mi),53.95厘(li)米(mi)。在放(fang)牧條(tiao)件(jian)下,母(mu)豬(zhu)一般年(nian)(nian)產(chan)仔一窩。仔豬(zhu)初生重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.4~0.6公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),2~3月齡時自然斷(duan)乳(ru),斷(duan)乳(ru)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2~5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。由(you)于飼(si)(si)養管理(li)條(tiao)件(jian)差,母(mu)豬(zhu)性野(ye)和(he)野(ye)獸(shou)猛禽(qin)的(de)侵(qin)害,哺育(yu)(yu)率(lv)較(jiao)低(di)。迪慶(qing)藏(zang)(zang)豬(zhu)在終年(nian)(nian)放(fang)牧條(tiao)件(jian)下,肥育(yu)(yu)豬(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)緩慢。12月齡體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20~25公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),24月齡35~40公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。在舍飼(si)(si)條(tiao)件(jian)下,用每公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)含消化能3.3兆卡,消化粗(cu)蛋白166克(ke)的(de)混(hun)合料不(bu)限量(liang)飼(si)(si)養,307日齡體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達(da)53.0公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),日增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)173克(ke),每公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耗(hao)混(hun)合料5.24公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。迪慶(qing)藏(zang)(zang)豬(zhu)能適(shi)應(ying)惡劣(lie)的(de)高原氣候、終年(nian)(nian)放(fang)牧和(he)低(di)劣(lie)的(de)飼(si)(si)養管理(li)條(tiao)件(jian),但屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)不(bu)高,皮(pi)較(jiao)薄,胴(dong)體(ti)中瘦肉較(jiao)多(duo)(duo),采用舍飼(si)(si)不(bu)限量(liang)飼(si)(si)養,雖增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)快、屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)提高,但胴(dong)體(ti)中脂肪(fang)含量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)多(duo)(duo)。