產地及環境
產區(qu)地(di)處(chu)青藏(zang)高原,地(di)形(xing)復雜,大體可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高山區(qu)、半(ban)高山區(qu)和河谷區(qu)。高山區(qu)海拔3000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,屬牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)1~7℃(最高27.7℃,最低-28.6℃),無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)40~129天(tian),年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量640毫米(mi)(mi)左右。境內(nei)牧(mu)(mu)場寬廣,屬高原草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)地(di),牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禾本科(ke),莎草(cao)(cao)科(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),少(shao)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)豆(dou)(dou)科(ke)、薔薇科(ke)。農作(zuo)物(wu)一(yi)年(nian)一(yi)熟(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)青稞(ke)、春小麥(mai)(mai)、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),蕎(qiao)麥(mai)(mai)、燕(yan)麥(mai)(mai)、蔓青等(deng)次(ci)(ci)之。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業較發達,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)牦牛,綿羊(yang)(yang)量多(duo),馬(ma)次(ci)(ci)之,豬較少(shao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)年(nian)放牧(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。半(ban)山區(qu)海拔在(zai)2000~3000米(mi)(mi)之間,屬半(ban)農半(ban)牧(mu)(mu)區(qu),是藏(zang)豬的主(zhu)要產區(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)7~12℃(最高30.2℃,最低-15℃),無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)110~190天(tian)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候干(gan)燥(zao),日照長。農作(zuo)物(wu)—年(nian)一(yi)熟(shu)或兩(liang)年(nian)三(san)熟(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)青稞(ke)、小麥(mai)(mai)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)和馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)、豌豆(dou)(dou)次(ci)(ci)之。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)羊(yang)(yang)、牛為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),其次(ci)(ci)是豬。河谷區(qu)海拔在(zai)2000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下,屬農區(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12~18℃(最高35℃,最低-3℃),無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)180~300天(tian),年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量850毫米(mi)(mi)左右。農作(zuo)物(wu)一(yi)年(nian)兩(liang)熟(shu),主(zhu)產小麥(mai)(mai)、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi),其次(ci)(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)稻、青稞(ke)、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯等(deng)。畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豬、羊(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),其次(ci)(ci)是牛、馬(ma)。
地理分布
迪慶藏豬主要分布(bu)在云南省的迪慶藏族自治州等地。
生活習性
迪慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)終年放(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu),飼養管(guan)理粗放(fang)(fang),與牛、羊混群或單群放(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu),以采(cai)食蕨麻、酸酸草(cao)、野蒿、野胡蘿卜、珠芽寥、野苜蓿(xu)等牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)、草(cao)籽(zi)和(he)(he)橡(xiang)樹(shu)等的(de)落(luo)果(guo)、農作物(wu)的(de)落(luo)谷為主(zhu)。夏秋(qiu)季(約5~10月份)野生(sheng)飼料豐富,冬春(chun)季則以蕨麻和(he)(he)草(cao)根為主(zhu)。迪慶藏(zang)豬(zhu)放(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)性能良好,每日放(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)10小(xiao)時(shi)左右,據測定放(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)采(cai)食時(shi)間(jian)占(zhan)86%.游走和(he)(he)休息時(shi)間(jian)占(zhan)15%,采(cai)食率14.07%。
形態特征
迪慶藏豬(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)均體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)42.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),體(ti)(ti)長96.50厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),胸(xiong)圍77.20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),體(ti)(ti)高(gao)52.10厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi);成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)應為:54.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),100.13厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),87.01厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),53.95厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。在放(fang)牧條件(jian)下,母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)一般(ban)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)仔(zi)一窩。仔(zi)豬(zhu)(zhu)初生重(zhong)(zhong)0.4~0.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),2~3月(yue)齡時(shi)自然斷(duan)乳(ru),斷(duan)乳(ru)體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)2~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。由(you)于飼養管(guan)理條件(jian)差,母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)性野(ye)和野(ye)獸猛禽(qin)的(de)侵(qin)害,哺育率(lv)較(jiao)低(di)。迪慶藏豬(zhu)(zhu)在終(zhong)年(nian)(nian)放(fang)牧條件(jian)下,肥育豬(zhu)(zhu)增重(zhong)(zhong)緩慢。12月(yue)齡體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)20~25公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),24月(yue)齡35~40公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。在舍飼條件(jian)下,用每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)含消(xiao)化(hua)能(neng)3.3兆卡,消(xiao)化(hua)粗蛋白166克的(de)混(hun)合(he)(he)料不限量(liang)(liang)(liang)飼養,307日齡體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)達53.0公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),日增重(zhong)(zhong)173克,每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)增重(zhong)(zhong)耗混(hun)合(he)(he)料5.24公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。迪慶藏豬(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)適應惡劣(lie)的(de)高(gao)原(yuan)氣候、終(zhong)年(nian)(nian)放(fang)牧和低(di)劣(lie)的(de)飼養管(guan)理條件(jian),但(dan)屠宰(zai)率(lv)不高(gao),皮(pi)較(jiao)薄,胴體(ti)(ti)中瘦肉較(jiao)多(duo),采用舍飼不限量(liang)(liang)(liang)飼養,雖增重(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)快、屠宰(zai)率(lv)提高(gao),但(dan)胴體(ti)(ti)中脂(zhi)肪(fang)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)增多(duo)。