一.產品介紹
在(zai)明(ming)代(dai),息(xi)烽西(xi)(xi)(xi)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是有(you)名(ming)的(de)(de)佛教圣地(di)(di),有(you)“南(nan)來佛教第(di)一山(shan)(shan)(shan)”之(zhi)美(mei)譽,環西(xi)(xi)(xi)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)田地(di)(di)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)廟產,生產的(de)(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)佛家(jia)用(yong)米(mi)(mi)。到清代(dai)喜慶年(nian)間,貴州(zhou)巡撫在(zai)貴州(zhou)多(duo)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇優質大(da)米(mi)(mi)進貢(gong)(gong)皇帝,其(qi)中就有(you)息(xi)烽西(xi)(xi)(xi)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)瑙媧地(di)(di)生產的(de)(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi),后(hou)來在(zai)當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說中長稱為(wei)(wei)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)”,傳(chuan)承了600余年(nian)的(de)(de)農耕(geng)文化。 息(xi)烽縣(xian)志中有(you)相(xiang)關(guan)記載:縣(xian)內(nei)大(da)米(mi)(mi)一般每公斤(jin)含碳水化合物760克,高(gao)于(yu)其(qi)他糧食作物,尤(you)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉小鹿(lu)窩產米(mi)(mi)最(zui)好(hao),含蛋白高(gao)達13﹪,清代(dai)年(nian)間稱“貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)”。 息(xi)烽縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉鹿(lu)窩村村志第(di)七章第(di)一節:西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)產地(di)(di)在(zai)息(xi)烽縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)鹿(lu)窩村,有(you)數百年(nian)歷史,據史書記載,明(ming)代(dai)萬(wan)歷六(liu)年(nian)(公元1578年(nian))將此地(di)(di)生產的(de)(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi)向皇家(jia)上(shang)貢(gong)(gong),得到皇上(shang)的(de)(de)認可(ke),由此得名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“進貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)(mi)”流芳百年(nian),遠近馳名(ming)。
二.自(zi)然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人文(wen)歷史因素
環西(xi)望山(shan)適應優質水稻(dao)種植的(de)田(tian)塊(kuai)以梯田(tian)為主,土壤(rang)類型主要為紫紅色油沙地(di),土層深厚,疏松肥沃,保肥能力強(qiang)。士壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質、氮、鉀(jia)、硅含量比較豐(feng)富。海拔高度900—1000米(mi),光照(zhao)充足,通風透(tou)氣好,年(nian)平均氣溫14.5℃,年(nian)降雨量1480毫(hao)米(mi),植被豐(feng)富,水源充沛(pei),以天然山(shan)泉灌(guan)溉為主。 在明代(dai),息烽西(xi)望山(shan)是有(you)(you)名(ming)的(de)佛教圣(sheng)地(di),有(you)(you)“南來(lai)佛教第一山(shan)” 之(zhi)美譽(yu),環西(xi)望山(shan)田(tian)地(di)多(duo)(duo)為廟產,生(sheng)產的(de)大米(mi)為佛家用米(mi)。到清代(dai)嘉慶年(nian)間,貴州(zhou)巡撫在貴州(zhou)多(duo)(duo)地(di)選(xuan)擇優質大米(mi)進貢(gong)(gong)皇(huang)帝,其中就有(you)(you)息烽西(xi)望山(shan)瑙媧地(di)生(sheng)產的(de)大米(mi),后(hou)來(lai)在當地(di)的(de)傳說中稱為“西(xi)山(shan)貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)”,傳承了(le)600余年(nian)的(de)農耕(geng)文化。
三.地域范圍
息烽西(xi)山(shan)貢米地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護范圍為:環息烽西(xi)望(wang)山(shan)的西(xi)山(shan)鎮(zhen)、小寨(zhai)壩鎮(zhen)、鹿(lu)窩鄉、九莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)四個鄉鎮(zhen)的鹿(lu)窩、西(xi)山(shan)、新寨(zhai)溝(gou)、聯(lian)合、紅(hong)巖、西(xi)安(an)、大石頭、馬屯、華(hua)溪(xi)、三(san)(san)友、胡廣(guang)、紙(zhi)房(fang)、團山(shan)共十三(san)(san)個村。地(di)理坐標為:東經106°34′7″—106°37′,北緯(wei)27°05′7″—27°1l′,北與(yu)(yu)遵義市相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin),西(xi)與(yu)(yu)金沙(sha)縣(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin),東與(yu)(yu)開(kai)陽縣(xian)相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin),南與(yu)(yu)貴(gui)陽市相(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)。適應水稻種植(zhi)而積19.4平方(fang)公里,大米產量可達(da)1.1萬噸(dun)。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
外在感(gan)觀特征:米(mi)粒長粒光(guang)滑,半透(tou)明且(qie)有(you)光(guang)澤(ze),有(you)清香味,粒長7.6毫米(mi)左(zuo)右,堊白(bai)度低(di),堊白(bai)米(mi)率(lv)極少,在0.4﹪左(zuo)右。煮熟飯后,滑潤光(guang)亮(liang),清香四溢(yi),口感(gan)好。 內在品(pin)質指標(biao)(biao):經多(duo)次產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質檢(jian)測報(bao)告顯示(shi),息(xi)烽西(xi)山貢米(mi)富(fu)含(han)維他(ta)命B和一(yi)定(ding)數量的微量元(yuan)素(su),營(ying)養豐富(fu),對(dui)人體健(jian)康(kang)十(shi)分(fen)有(you)益,蛋白(bai)質含(han)量不低(di)于0.8,并含(han)多(duo)種(zhong)氨(an)基酸。 生產(chan)過程中,按照無公害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)操(cao)作規(gui)程進行(xing)(xing)(xing)生產(chan),并嚴格(ge)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)國家質量安全規(gui)定(ding): 空氣(qi)污染物執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB3095-82標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中的二級標(biao)(biao)準(zhun) 基地稻田用(yong)水(shui)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB5084-92 土壤執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB5618-1995標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中的二類(lei)二級指標(biao)(biao) 品(pin)種(zhong)質量執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB4404-4409水(shui)稻二級良種(zhong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun) 農(nong)藥執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB8321 衛生標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB2715-81。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
西(xi)山貢米栽(zai)種(zhong)區域(yu)通常選擇海拔為(wei)(wei)(wei)900—1000米的區域(yu)內,水源(yuan)充(chong)沛,排灌方便(bian),土壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)力(li)較高(gao),光照(zhao)充(chong)足,通風透(tou)氣好,梯田為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鮑紫紅(hong)油砂質(zhi)地土壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),陽地無(wu)污染,歷年(nian)來病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)少,且相(xiang)對集中(zhong)(zhong)連(lian)片(pian),便(bian)于(yu)規模化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理的地塊。 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)品種(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)自己多年(nian)選擇的抗性強的優質(zhi)香稻(dao),屬于(yu)基(ji)地生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)專(zhuan)用(yong)品種(zhong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)了在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)不被污染,西(xi)山貢米在整個生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)優質(zhi)水稻(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術操(cao)作規程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。采用(yong)傳統的牛犁田靶田,人工插秧的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方式(shi),兩段育(yu)秧,畝施腐(fu)熟農家肥(fei)3000—4000kg左右(you),過(guo)磷(lin)酸鈣或鈣鎂磷(lin)肥(fei)30—50kg左右(you),鉀(jia)肥(fei)15kg。管(guan)理以基(ji)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),追肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔,增施磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei),安裝(zhuang)殺蟲(chong)燈,運用(yong)物理防治,生(sheng)物防治相(xiang)結合(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的綠色防控措施,減少病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)發生(sheng),規范使用(yong)農藥,嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)安全間隔期規定進(jin)行(xing)收(shou)割,谷子(zi)收(shou)獲后進(jin)行(xing)統一加工和包(bao)裝(zhuang)。 在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)國家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),空氣污染物標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)濃度限(xian)值(zhi)GB3095—82標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)的二(er)級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要求進(jin)行(xing)測(ce)定確(que)認,基(ji)地稻(dao)田用(yong)水經抽(chou)查監(jian)測(ce)符(fu)合(he)農田灌溉(gai)水質(zhi)GB5084—92的標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),土壤(rang)(rang)符(fu)合(he)環境質(zhi)量(liang)GBl5618—1995標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)的二(er)類(lei)二(er)級(ji)指標(biao)(biao),品種(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang)按GB4404—4409水稻(dao)二(er)級(ji)良種(zhong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)執(zhi)行(xing),種(zhong)子(zi)實行(xing)精選包(bao)衣。
1、空(kong)氣、水、土壤條(tiao)件
1.1保(bao)持生產基地空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)清潔(jie)。生產基地四周無工礦企業(ye)污染(ran)源,遠(yuan)離醫院和主要鐵路、公路干線等污染(ran)源,按空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)污染(ran)物標準濃度限值GB3095—82標準中的二級(ji)標準要求進行(xing)測定確認(ren)。
1.2 保(bao)持生產基地(di)灌(guan)溉水(shui)清潔(jie)和排灌(guan)方便(bian)。基地(di)稻田(tian)用水(shui)經(jing)抽(chou)查監測符(fu)合農田(tian)灌(guan)溉水(shui)質(zhi)GB5084—92的標準。水(shui)源條件好(hao)、排灌(guan)方便(bian)、旱澇(lao)保(bao)收的稻田(tian)作(zuo)為基地(di),對促(cu)進(jin)生產和提高生產水(shui)平,增加收益具有重要作(zuo)用。
1.3 土壤要(yao)求及培肥地力。基(ji)地稻(dao)田要(yao)選(xuan)擇土壤耕(geng)(geng)層深厚、肥沃,通(tong)透(tou)性(xing)能好,pH值(zhi)5.5-7,有(you)機(ji)質含量1.2-2%,具有(you)較好的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)水、保(bao)肥能力,土壤符(fu)合(he)環(huan)境質量GBl5618—1995標(biao)準中的(de)(de)(de)二類二級指(zhi)標(biao)。此外,為(wei)了培肥地力,減少(shao)病(bing)蟲、雜草為(wei)害和(he)蔓延,還引(yin)導重(zhong)視生產基(ji)地增施有(you)機(ji)肥的(de)(de)(de)習慣。同時要(yao)從耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)制度(du)上創造條件,開展(zhan)年(nian)度(du)問、作(zuo)(zuo)物間的(de)(de)(de)大輪(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)季節(jie)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)輪(lun)作(zuo)(zuo),為(wei)無公害優質水稻(dao)生產打(da)下一個(ge)良好的(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)基(ji)礎。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)選擇 根據(ju)水稻對(dui)生(sheng)態環境的適應性(xing)及其(qi)生(sheng)產地的光、溫、水和土(tu)壤條件(jian),選擇抗逆性(xing)好,抗病(bing)蟲害能力強(qiang)的部、省(sheng)評定的高產優質水稻品(pin)種(zhong)、組合。品(pin)種(zhong)質量按GB4404—4409水稻二級良種(zhong)標準執行(xing),種(zhong)子(zi)要實行(xing)精選包衣(yi)。
3、標準化生產操作
3.1秧(yang)田(tian):秧(yang)床處理 3.1.1整(zheng)地:提前(qian)犁耙,精細整(zheng)地,打碎土(tu)塊,按1.4m的廂面起畦。 3.1.2施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):每平(ping)方米施(shi)腐(fu)熟細廄肥(fei)(fei)10kg(禁用未發酵腐(fu)熟的有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei))均勻(yun)深翻入土(tu),土(tu)肥(fei)(fei)相隔(ge);播(bo)種前(qian)3-5天,用尿(niao)素40g、過鈣150g、硫酸鉀30g,一次性混施(shi),要求均勻(yun)施(shi)入10-15cm土(tu)層,以免(mian)發生肥(fei)(fei)害。
3.1.3土(tu)壤(rang)調酸(suan)消毒(du):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)旱育秧的秧床要求測試土(tu)壤(rang)pH值,pH值大(da)于(yu)6應調酸(suan)。播(bo)(bo)種前(qian)20-25天,可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)硫(liu)磺粉(fen)勻施翻入(ru)土(tu)10cm,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量應根(gen)據pH值確定;土(tu)壤(rang)pH6.5-7,硫(liu)黃粉(fen)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量75g,pH7-7.5,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量100克,pH7.5-8.3用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量150g。土(tu)壤(rang)消毒(du)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是整平秧床土(tu)面,并澆(jiao)(jiao)透水(shui)(shui),于(yu)播(bo)(bo)種前(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)95%敵(di)克松,每(mei)平方(fang)(fang)米2.5g兌水(shui)(shui)800-1000倍(bei)液(ye)噴灑,然后澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)至最大(da)持(chi)水(shui)(shui)量。
3.2播種(zhong)及(ji)苗床管理
3.2.1播種期:根據大田(tian)栽(zai)秧(yang)日(ri)期和預定的秧(yang)齡(ling)而定,掌(zhang)握移栽(zai)時秧(yang)齡(ling)為30-45天(tian)的小苗或中苗,盡(jin)量做到不插老秧(yang)。
3.2.2種(zhong)子處理:種(zhong)子經(jing)包衣后(hou),可不必(bi)進行催(cui)芽直接播(bo)種(zhong)。
3.2.3播種量(liang):種植(zhi)雜交稻,早(zao)季一般每畝需種1.5kg左右(you),晚季為(wei)1kg;如種植(zhi)常規稻,一般畝用種量(liang)早(zao)季為(wei)5-6kg,晚季為(wei)3-4kg。播種時(shi),要求將芽谷均(jun)勻(yun)撒(sa)在秧床土(tu)之上,用裹住薄膜的(de)(de)木板輕壓(ya)種子,使(shi)之三面入(ru)土(tu);然后,用過篩的(de)(de)細(xi)床土(tu)均(jun)勻(yun)覆蓋種子,使(shi)種子不裸露為(wei)當。
3.2.4化學除草(cao)(cao):旱(han)育秧較水秧田草(cao)(cao)害和(he)地(di)下害蟲嚴重,播種(zhong)后(hou)出芽前,每畝苗床用(yong)50%丁草(cao)(cao)胺乳油(you)100ml加水50kg用(yong)噴霧器均勻地(di)輕噴于秧坂以防草(cao)(cao)害。
3.3本田
3.3.1整田(tian)(tian)施(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei):整田(tian)(tian)應(ying)堅(jian)持(chi)三(san)犁三(san)耙,尤其是谷茬(cha)田(tian)(tian)要做到(dao)谷倒田(tian)(tian)翻(fan)身,稻桿還(huan)田(tian)(tian)。插秧時,整田(tian)(tian)要求做到(dao)田(tian)(tian)平泥(ni)化,施(shi)足底肥(fei)(fei),以有機肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,氮(dan)、磷、鉀化肥(fei)(fei)配合,一般(ban)在(zai)每畝(mu)施(shi)腐(fu)熟農家有機肥(fei)(fei)1000kg的(de)基(ji)礎上,增施(shi)碳銨30-40kg,普鈣40-30kg,有條件的(de)加硫酸鉀15-20kg。施(shi)化肥(fei)(fei)時,提倡(chang)施(shi)中層肥(fei)(fei),讓化肥(fei)(fei)與土壤團粒融合,減少流失,提高化肥(fei)(fei)利用(yong)率。
3.3.2淺插(cha)(cha)、稀(xi)植(zhi)、適當稀(xi)植(zhi):堅持(chi)不(bu)栽深秧,力求淺插(cha)(cha),一般插(cha)(cha)入泥中2厘米。促進低節(jie)位分蘗,以利早生(sheng)快發。每畝插(cha)(cha)0.8-l萬(wan)叢(cong);泥砂土(tu)田(tian)、肥(fei)力中等田(tian),每畝插(cha)(cha)l-1.2萬(wan)叢(cong);易跑水跑肥(fei)田(tian),靠插(cha)(cha)不(bu)靠發,每畝插(cha)(cha)1.2-1.5萬(wan)叢(cong)。一般要(yao)求畝最高莖(jing)蘗數為12-18萬(wan)苗,每畝有效穗11-13萬(wan)穗,成穗率70-80%。
3.3.3科學(xue)追肥(fei)(fei):做到“前期早追施,中穩不(bu)瘋(feng)長,后健不(bu)早衰”,穗肥(fei)(fei)適當(dang)早施,一(yi)般不(bu)施粒肥(fei)(fei)。實行配方施肥(fei)(fei),氮磷鉀(jia)合理搭配,根據土壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)瘦(shou),分(fen)蘗肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)般畝追施尿素8-10kg,加硫酸鉀(jia)5-6kg。禁止使用硝(xiao)態氮肥(fei)(fei)(如(ru)硝(xiao)酸銨等(deng))和以硝(xiao)態氮肥(fei)(fei)作基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)生產的復(混)合肥(fei)(fei)作追肥(fei)(fei)。大力推廣(guang)葉面噴(pen)施微肥(fei)(fei)、生物鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)、有機液肥(fei)(fei)。
3.3.4合理(li)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則:淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)活苗,寸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)活棵(ke),薄(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分蘗,蘗夠曬(shai)田(tian)(tian)(tian),深水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孕穗,干(gan)濕(shi)壯籽(zi),達到(dao)(dao)葉青腳秀,谷黃(huang)稈綠,穗大粒(li)多的(de)(de)高(gao)產長相。插秧時,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)宜過深,防(fang)止漂秧。秧插完(wan)后(hou)適當(dang)將水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)到(dao)(dao)5cm深。移栽后(hou)35-40天(tian)進(jin)入分蘗高(gao)峰(feng)期,為(wei)了控制(zhi)無(wu)效分蘗,減少養分消耗,應(ying)撤(che)干(gan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)曬(shai)田(tian)(tian)(tian),沙壤土土層薄(bo),不(bu)(bu)可曬(shai)開裂(lie);耕(geng)層厚、土質肥(fei)沃田(tian)(tian)(tian)要重(zhong)曬(shai),曬(shai)至(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)泥開雞(ji)爪裂(lie)為(wei)宜。孕穗期是需水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)關鍵階(jie)段,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)10cm,不(bu)(bu)可脫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。抽穗期至(zhi)成熟期采取干(gan)濕(shi)交(jiao)替,濕(shi)潤灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai),有(you)利灌(guan)(guan)(guan)漿結實,籽(zi)粒(li)飽滿。
3.4病蟲害綜合防治
3.4.1主要病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害:水稻(dao)的主要病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害有稻(dao)瘟病(bing)、稻(dao)曲(qu)病(bing)、細菌性條斑病(bing)、白葉枯病(bing)、紋枯病(bing)、螟蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、稻(dao)飛虱、粘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、負(fu)泥(ni)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、稻(dao)癭蚊等。
3.4.2防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則及措施(shi):預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)主,綜合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。堅持以(yi)選擇抗(kang)病良種(zhong)為(wei)中心,保健栽培為(wei)基(ji)礎,輔以(yi)藥劑早(zao)防(fang),同(tong)時注意保護好天(tian)敵的(de)原則,綜合、全面地進行(xing)病蟲害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi):進行(xing)種(zhong)子(zi)處理(li)選用(yong)包衣種(zhong)子(zi),或用(yong)多(duo)菌靈(ling)、石灰水等(deng)浸種(zhong),殺滅(mie)附著(zhu)在種(zhong)子(zi)上的(de)病菌;作好秧田病蟲防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水稻(dao)(dao)秧田期移栽前,要(yao)噴(pen)灑(sa)一次農藥,將主要(yao)病蟲害(hai)集中撲滅(mie)秧田里,嚴防(fang)帶入大(da)田,擴(kuo)散危害(hai);及時檢查(cha)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在水稻(dao)(dao)分(fen)蘗盛(sheng)期和破口(kou)期進行(xing)田間(jian)檢查(cha),及時發現病蟲中心,并噴(pen)藥防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可防(fang)止(zhi)危害(hai)蔓延,避免病蟲危害(hai)的(de)大(da)發生。對穗(sui)頸(jing)瘟、稻(dao)(dao)曲病、稻(dao)(dao)飛虱、螟蟲必須在破口(kou)期重點(dian)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),防(fang)止(zhi)造成(cheng)危害(hai)。
3.4.3農(nong)(nong)藥選(xuan)(xuan)擇:在藥劑防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),嚴格執行GB8321《農(nong)(nong)藥合理使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)》,選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高效、低(di)毒、低(di)殘(can)(can)留農(nong)(nong)藥,嚴禁(jin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高毒、高殘(can)(can)留及具有三致(zhi)(致(zhi)畸、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突變(bian))作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的農(nong)(nong)藥。一般情況下(xia),防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稻瘟病選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)三環(huan)唑;防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細菌性條斑病、白葉枯(ku)(ku)病先用(yong)(yong)(yong)消菌靈;防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)紋枯(ku)(ku)病、稻曲病用(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)崗霉素、粉(fen)銹寧;防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立枯(ku)(ku)病用(yong)(yong)(yong)敵克松;防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稻飛虱用(yong)(yong)(yong)吡蟲啉(lin);防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)螟蟲用(yong)(yong)(yong)5%銳(rui)勁特加(jia)殺。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相(xiang)關規定
包裝(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)識統一使用息烽西山(shan)貢(gong)米結合(he)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)(biao)識圖案作為包裝(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注。 本規定(ding)地域范圍(wei)內的西望山(shan)優(you)質大米農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品生產(chan)經營(ying)者,在產(chan)品或包裝(zhuang)上使用農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志,須向息烽縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)業技(ji)術開發服務中心提(ti)出(chu)申請(qing),按時相關要求規范生產(chan)和使用標(biao)(biao)志。