一.產品介紹
在明(ming)代(dai),息(xi)烽(feng)西(xi)(xi)望(wang)山是有(you)名的(de)佛教圣(sheng)地(di)(di)(di),有(you)“南來佛教第(di)(di)一山”之美(mei)譽,環西(xi)(xi)望(wang)山田地(di)(di)(di)多(duo)為(wei)廟產,生產的(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)佛家用(yong)米(mi)(mi)。到清代(dai)喜(xi)慶(qing)年(nian)間(jian),貴州(zhou)巡撫(fu)在貴州(zhou)多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇優(you)質(zhi)大(da)米(mi)(mi)進(jin)貢(gong)皇(huang)(huang)帝,其中(zhong)就(jiu)有(you)息(xi)烽(feng)西(xi)(xi)望(wang)山瑙媧地(di)(di)(di)生產的(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi),后來在當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)傳(chuan)說中(zhong)長稱為(wei)“西(xi)(xi)山貢(gong)米(mi)(mi)”,傳(chuan)承了600余年(nian)的(de)農(nong)耕文(wen)化。 息(xi)烽(feng)縣(xian)志中(zhong)有(you)相關記載(zai):縣(xian)內大(da)米(mi)(mi)一般每公斤含碳水化合(he)物(wu)(wu)760克,高(gao)于(yu)其他糧食作物(wu)(wu),尤以西(xi)(xi)山鄉小鹿(lu)窩產米(mi)(mi)最好,含蛋白高(gao)達13﹪,清代(dai)年(nian)間(jian)稱“貢(gong)米(mi)(mi)”。 息(xi)烽(feng)縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)山鄉鹿(lu)窩村(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)志第(di)(di)七(qi)章(zhang)第(di)(di)一節:西(xi)(xi)山貢(gong)米(mi)(mi)產地(di)(di)(di)在息(xi)烽(feng)縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)山鎮(zhen)鹿(lu)窩村(cun)(cun),有(you)數百(bai)年(nian)歷史(shi),據史(shi)書記載(zai),明(ming)代(dai)萬歷六(liu)年(nian)(公元1578年(nian))將此(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)生產的(de)大(da)米(mi)(mi)向皇(huang)(huang)家上貢(gong),得(de)到皇(huang)(huang)上的(de)認(ren)可,由此(ci)(ci)得(de)名為(wei)“進(jin)貢(gong)米(mi)(mi)”流芳百(bai)年(nian),遠近馳名。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
環西(xi)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)適應優(you)質(zhi)水(shui)稻種植的田塊(kuai)以(yi)梯田為(wei)(wei)主,土(tu)壤類(lei)型(xing)主要為(wei)(wei)紫紅色油沙地(di),土(tu)層深厚(hou),疏松肥沃,保(bao)肥能(neng)力(li)強。士壤有機質(zhi)、氮(dan)、鉀、硅(gui)含量(liang)比較豐(feng)富。海拔高度900—1000米(mi)(mi),光(guang)照充足,通風透(tou)氣(qi)好,年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫14.5℃,年(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)1480毫米(mi)(mi),植被豐(feng)富,水(shui)源充沛,以(yi)天然山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉灌(guan)溉(gai)為(wei)(wei)主。 在(zai)明代(dai),息(xi)烽西(xi)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是有名的佛教圣地(di),有“南來佛教第一(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)” 之美譽,環西(xi)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)田地(di)多為(wei)(wei)廟產(chan),生產(chan)的大米(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)佛家用米(mi)(mi)。到(dao)清代(dai)嘉慶年(nian)間,貴(gui)州巡撫在(zai)貴(gui)州多地(di)選擇優(you)質(zhi)大米(mi)(mi)進貢皇(huang)帝,其中(zhong)就有息(xi)烽西(xi)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)瑙(nao)媧(wa)地(di)生產(chan)的大米(mi)(mi),后(hou)來在(zai)當地(di)的傳說中(zhong)稱為(wei)(wei)“西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)貢米(mi)(mi)”,傳承(cheng)了600余年(nian)的農耕文化。
三.地域范圍
息(xi)(xi)烽(feng)西(xi)山(shan)(shan)貢(gong)米(mi)地(di)域(yu)保護范圍為:環息(xi)(xi)烽(feng)西(xi)望(wang)山(shan)(shan)的西(xi)山(shan)(shan)鎮、小寨壩鎮、鹿窩鄉、九莊(zhuang)鎮四個鄉鎮的鹿窩、西(xi)山(shan)(shan)、新寨溝、聯合、紅(hong)巖、西(xi)安、大石頭(tou)、馬屯、華溪(xi)、三友、胡廣、紙房、團山(shan)(shan)共(gong)十三個村。地(di)理坐(zuo)標為:東(dong)經106°34′7″—106°37′,北緯27°05′7″—27°1l′,北與遵(zun)義(yi)市(shi)相(xiang)鄰,西(xi)與金沙(sha)縣相(xiang)鄰,東(dong)與開陽縣相(xiang)鄰,南與貴(gui)陽市(shi)相(xiang)鄰。適(shi)應水稻種(zhong)植而(er)積19.4平方公里,大米(mi)產量(liang)可達1.1萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
外在感(gan)(gan)觀特征:米粒(li)長粒(li)光(guang)滑,半透明且有光(guang)澤,有清香味,粒(li)長7.6毫米左右,堊(e)(e)白度低,堊(e)(e)白米率(lv)極少,在0.4﹪左右。煮熟飯后,滑潤光(guang)亮(liang),清香四溢,口感(gan)(gan)好。 內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao):經多次(ci)產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)檢測報告顯示,息烽西山貢米富(fu)含維他命B和一定(ding)數量的微(wei)量元(yuan)素,營養豐富(fu),對人體(ti)健康十分有益,蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含量不低于0.8,并含多種(zhong)氨基酸。 生產(chan)過程中,按(an)照無公害農產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)操作規(gui)程進行(xing)生產(chan),并嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)國家質(zhi)(zhi)量安全規(gui)定(ding): 空氣污染物執(zhi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB3095-82標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中的二級標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun) 基地(di)稻田用水(shui)執(zhi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB5084-92 土壤執(zhi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB5618-1995標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中的二類二級指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao) 品(pin)種(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)量執(zhi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB4404-4409水(shui)稻二級良(liang)種(zhong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun) 農藥執(zhi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB8321 衛生標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)執(zhi)行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun):GB2715-81。
五.特定(ding)生產(chan)方式
西(xi)山(shan)貢(gong)米栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區域通常選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)海拔為(wei)(wei)(wei)900—1000米的(de)(de)(de)區域內,水(shui)源充(chong)沛(pei),排灌方便,土(tu)壤肥(fei)力(li)較高,光照充(chong)足,通風透氣好,梯田(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)鮑紫紅油砂質地土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),陽地無污(wu)染(ran)(ran),歷年(nian)來病(bing)蟲(chong)害發生(sheng)少(shao),且相(xiang)對(dui)集(ji)中連片,便于(yu)規模(mo)化生(sheng)產(chan)管理的(de)(de)(de)地塊。 主(zhu)栽(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)自己多(duo)年(nian)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)抗性強的(de)(de)(de)優(you)質香(xiang)稻,屬于(yu)基(ji)地生(sheng)產(chan)專用品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)了在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)中不被(bei)污(wu)染(ran)(ran),西(xi)山(shan)貢(gong)米在(zai)整個(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中,嚴(yan)格按照無公(gong)害優(you)質水(shui)稻生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)操作規程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)。采用傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)牛犁田(tian)靶田(tian),人工(gong)(gong)插(cha)秧(yang)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)方式,兩段(duan)育秧(yang),畝施腐熟農家肥(fei)3000—4000kg左右,過(guo)磷酸鈣或鈣鎂(mei)磷肥(fei)30—50kg左右,鉀(jia)肥(fei)15kg。管理以基(ji)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),追(zhui)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔(fu),增施磷鉀(jia)肥(fei),安裝(zhuang)殺蟲(chong)燈,運用物理防治,生(sheng)物防治相(xiang)結合(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)防控措(cuo)施,減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)蟲(chong)害發生(sheng),規范使用農藥,嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)安全間隔期規定(ding)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)收割,谷子(zi)收獲(huo)后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)統一加工(gong)(gong)和包(bao)裝(zhuang)。 在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)國家標(biao)準(zhun),空氣污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物標(biao)準(zhun)濃度(du)限值GB3095—82標(biao)準(zhun)中的(de)(de)(de)二(er)級標(biao)準(zhun)要求進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)測定(ding)確認,基(ji)地稻田(tian)用水(shui)經抽查監測符(fu)合(he)(he)農田(tian)灌溉水(shui)質GB5084—92的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun),土(tu)壤符(fu)合(he)(he)環境質量GBl5618—1995標(biao)準(zhun)中的(de)(de)(de)二(er)類(lei)二(er)級指(zhi)標(biao),品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質量按GB4404—4409水(shui)稻二(er)級良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)準(zhun)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)精選(xuan)包(bao)衣。
1、空(kong)氣、水、土壤條件
1.1保持生產基地空氣清潔。生產基地四周無工礦企業污染源,遠離醫院和主要(yao)(yao)鐵路、公路干線等污染源,按空氣污染物標(biao)準(zhun)濃度限值GB3095—82標(biao)準(zhun)中的二(er)級標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求進行測(ce)定確認。
1.2 保持(chi)生(sheng)產基地灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)水清潔和排(pai)灌(guan)方(fang)便。基地稻(dao)田用(yong)水經抽查監測符合農田灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)水質GB5084—92的標準。水源條(tiao)件好、排(pai)灌(guan)方(fang)便、旱澇保收的稻(dao)田作為基地,對促進生(sheng)產和提(ti)高生(sheng)產水平(ping),增加收益具有重要作用(yong)。
1.3 土(tu)壤要(yao)求(qiu)及培肥地力。基(ji)地稻田要(yao)選擇(ze)土(tu)壤耕(geng)層深厚、肥沃,通透性(xing)能好,pH值5.5-7,有機(ji)質含量(liang)1.2-2%,具有較(jiao)好的(de)保(bao)水、保(bao)肥能力,土(tu)壤符合環境質量(liang)GBl5618—1995標準(zhun)中(zhong)的(de)二(er)類二(er)級指標。此外,為了培肥地力,減少病(bing)蟲、雜草為害和(he)蔓延,還引導重視(shi)生(sheng)產基(ji)地增施有機(ji)肥的(de)習慣。同時要(yao)從耕(geng)作(zuo)制(zhi)度上創造條件,開展年度問、作(zuo)物間的(de)大輪作(zuo)和(he)季節性(xing)的(de)小輪作(zuo),為無(wu)公(gong)害優(you)質水稻生(sheng)產打下一(yi)個(ge)良好的(de)綜合基(ji)礎。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇 根據(ju)水稻(dao)對生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)適應性及其生(sheng)產(chan)地的(de)(de)光、溫、水和土(tu)壤(rang)條件,選擇抗(kang)逆性好,抗(kang)病(bing)蟲害能(neng)力強的(de)(de)部、省評定的(de)(de)高產(chan)優質水稻(dao)品種(zhong)(zhong)、組合。品種(zhong)(zhong)質量按GB4404—4409水稻(dao)二級良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)標準(zhun)執(zhi)行(xing),種(zhong)(zhong)子要實(shi)行(xing)精選包衣。
3、標準化生產操作
3.1秧田:秧床處(chu)理 3.1.1整(zheng)(zheng)地(di):提前犁(li)耙,精(jing)細(xi)(xi)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di),打碎土塊,按1.4m的廂面起畦。 3.1.2施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei):每(mei)平(ping)方米施(shi)(shi)腐熟細(xi)(xi)廄肥(fei)(fei)10kg(禁用未(wei)發(fa)酵腐熟的有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei))均(jun)(jun)勻深翻入土,土肥(fei)(fei)相隔;播種(zhong)前3-5天(tian),用尿素(su)40g、過(guo)鈣150g、硫酸(suan)鉀30g,一次性混施(shi)(shi),要求(qiu)均(jun)(jun)勻施(shi)(shi)入10-15cm土層,以免發(fa)生肥(fei)(fei)害。
3.1.3土(tu)(tu)壤調酸消(xiao)毒:采(cai)用(yong)(yong)旱育秧的秧床要求測試土(tu)(tu)壤pH值,pH值大于6應調酸。播種前20-25天,可用(yong)(yong)硫(liu)磺(huang)粉勻(yun)施翻(fan)入土(tu)(tu)10cm,用(yong)(yong)量應根(gen)據(ju)pH值確(que)定;土(tu)(tu)壤pH6.5-7,硫(liu)黃粉劑用(yong)(yong)量75g,pH7-7.5,用(yong)(yong)量100克,pH7.5-8.3用(yong)(yong)量150g。土(tu)(tu)壤消(xiao)毒方法是整平秧床土(tu)(tu)面(mian),并澆(jiao)(jiao)透(tou)水,于播種前用(yong)(yong)95%敵(di)克松(song),每平方米(mi)2.5g兌水800-1000倍(bei)液噴灑,然(ran)后澆(jiao)(jiao)水至(zhi)最大持水量。
3.2播種及苗床管(guan)理
3.2.1播種(zhong)期:根據大田栽秧(yang)日期和(he)預定的(de)秧(yang)齡(ling)而(er)定,掌(zhang)握移(yi)栽時(shi)秧(yang)齡(ling)為30-45天的(de)小苗(miao)(miao)或(huo)中苗(miao)(miao),盡量做到不插老秧(yang)。
3.2.2種子(zi)處(chu)理:種子(zi)經(jing)包衣后,可不必進行催芽(ya)直接(jie)播種。
3.2.3播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植雜交稻,早季一般每畝(mu)需種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1.5kg左右,晚季為(wei)1kg;如種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植常規(gui)稻,一般畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量早季為(wei)5-6kg,晚季為(wei)3-4kg。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時,要求將芽(ya)谷均勻(yun)撒在(zai)秧床土(tu)之(zhi)上(shang),用(yong)(yong)裹住薄膜的木板輕壓種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),使之(zhi)三面(mian)入土(tu);然(ran)后,用(yong)(yong)過篩的細床土(tu)均勻(yun)覆蓋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)不裸露為(wei)當。
3.2.4化學(xue)除(chu)草(cao)(cao):旱育秧較水(shui)秧田草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)和(he)地下害(hai)(hai)蟲嚴重,播種后出芽前(qian),每(mei)畝苗床(chuang)用50%丁草(cao)(cao)胺(an)乳油100ml加水(shui)50kg用噴霧器均(jun)勻地輕噴于秧坂以防草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)。
3.3本田
3.3.1整(zheng)(zheng)田(tian)施(shi)基肥(fei)(fei):整(zheng)(zheng)田(tian)應(ying)堅(jian)持三犁三耙(pa),尤(you)其是谷(gu)茬田(tian)要做(zuo)(zuo)到谷(gu)倒田(tian)翻身,稻桿還田(tian)。插秧時(shi),整(zheng)(zheng)田(tian)要求做(zuo)(zuo)到田(tian)平泥(ni)化(hua),施(shi)足底肥(fei)(fei),以(yi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,氮、磷、鉀(jia)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)配合,一般在每畝(mu)施(shi)腐熟(shu)農家(jia)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)1000kg的基礎上,增施(shi)碳銨(an)30-40kg,普鈣40-30kg,有(you)條件(jian)的加(jia)硫酸鉀(jia)15-20kg。施(shi)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)時(shi),提(ti)(ti)倡施(shi)中(zhong)層肥(fei)(fei),讓化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)與(yu)土壤團(tuan)粒融合,減少流失,提(ti)(ti)高化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)利用(yong)率。
3.3.2淺插、稀(xi)植(zhi)、適當稀(xi)植(zhi):堅持不(bu)栽深秧,力(li)求淺插,一般插入泥中2厘米。促進低節位分蘗(bo),以利(li)早生快(kuai)發(fa)。每畝插0.8-l萬(wan)叢;泥砂(sha)土田(tian)(tian)、肥力(li)中等田(tian)(tian),每畝插l-1.2萬(wan)叢;易(yi)跑水跑肥田(tian)(tian),靠(kao)插不(bu)靠(kao)發(fa),每畝插1.2-1.5萬(wan)叢。一般要求畝最高莖(jing)蘗(bo)數(shu)為(wei)12-18萬(wan)苗,每畝有效穗(sui)11-13萬(wan)穗(sui),成穗(sui)率70-80%。
3.3.3科學追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):做到“前期(qi)早追施(shi)(shi)(shi),中穩(wen)不(bu)瘋長,后健不(bu)早衰(shuai)”,穗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)適當早施(shi)(shi)(shi),一般不(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)粒肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。實(shi)行(xing)配方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),氮(dan)磷鉀(jia)(jia)合理搭配,根據土壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)瘦,分(fen)蘗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一般畝追施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素8-10kg,加硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)5-6kg。禁(jin)止使用硝(xiao)(xiao)態氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(如硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)銨等)和(he)以硝(xiao)(xiao)態氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)生產的復(混)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。大(da)力(li)推廣葉面噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)微肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、生物鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、有機液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
3.3.4合理灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)的原則:淺水(shui)(shui)活苗,寸(cun)水(shui)(shui)活棵,薄水(shui)(shui)分(fen)蘗(bo),蘗(bo)夠曬田(tian)(tian),深水(shui)(shui)孕穗(sui)(sui),干濕壯籽(zi),達(da)到葉(xie)青腳(jiao)秀,谷(gu)黃稈綠,穗(sui)(sui)大粒多的高(gao)產長(chang)相。插(cha)秧(yang)時,水(shui)(shui)不宜過深,防止漂秧(yang)。秧(yang)插(cha)完后(hou)適當將水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)到5cm深。移栽后(hou)35-40天進入分(fen)蘗(bo)高(gao)峰期,為了控(kong)制無效分(fen)蘗(bo),減少養(yang)分(fen)消耗,應撤干田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)曬田(tian)(tian),沙(sha)壤土土層薄,不可(ke)(ke)曬開裂;耕層厚(hou)、土質肥(fei)沃田(tian)(tian)要(yao)重(zhong)曬,曬至田(tian)(tian)泥開雞爪裂為宜。孕穗(sui)(sui)期是(shi)需水(shui)(shui)關鍵階(jie)段,灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)10cm,不可(ke)(ke)脫水(shui)(shui)。抽穗(sui)(sui)期至成熟期采取干濕交替,濕潤(run)灌(guan)溉,有利灌(guan)漿結(jie)實(shi),籽(zi)粒飽滿(man)。
3.4病蟲(chong)害綜合防治
3.4.1主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai):水稻(dao)的主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)有(you)稻(dao)瘟病(bing)(bing)(bing)、稻(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)(bing)、細菌性(xing)條斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)、白葉枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、螟蟲(chong)、稻(dao)飛虱、粘蟲(chong)、負(fu)泥蟲(chong)、稻(dao)癭(ying)蚊(wen)等。
3.4.2防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze)(ze)及(ji)措施(shi):預(yu)防(fang)為主,綜(zong)(zong)合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。堅(jian)持(chi)以選(xuan)擇抗(kang)病(bing)良種為中(zhong)心,保(bao)(bao)健(jian)栽培為基礎(chu),輔以藥(yao)劑早(zao)防(fang),同(tong)時注意保(bao)(bao)護好天敵的(de)原則(ze)(ze),綜(zong)(zong)合、全面地進行病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi):進行種子(zi)處理選(xuan)用包衣種子(zi),或用多菌(jun)靈、石灰(hui)水(shui)等浸種,殺(sha)滅附著(zhu)在(zai)種子(zi)上的(de)病(bing)菌(jun);作好秧(yang)田(tian)病(bing)蟲防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)稻秧(yang)田(tian)期(qi)(qi)移栽前(qian),要噴灑一次農藥(yao),將主要病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)集中(zhong)撲滅秧(yang)田(tian)里,嚴防(fang)帶入大(da)田(tian),擴(kuo)散危害(hai)(hai);及(ji)時檢(jian)查防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)水(shui)稻分蘗盛期(qi)(qi)和(he)破(po)口(kou)(kou)期(qi)(qi)進行田(tian)間(jian)檢(jian)查,及(ji)時發現病(bing)蟲中(zhong)心,并噴藥(yao)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),可防(fang)止(zhi)危害(hai)(hai)蔓(man)延,避免病(bing)蟲危害(hai)(hai)的(de)大(da)發生。對穗(sui)頸瘟(wen)、稻曲(qu)病(bing)、稻飛虱、螟蟲必須在(zai)破(po)口(kou)(kou)期(qi)(qi)重點防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),防(fang)止(zhi)造成危害(hai)(hai)。
3.4.3農(nong)藥(yao)選(xuan)擇:在藥(yao)劑防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,嚴格執行GB8321《農(nong)藥(yao)合理使用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則》,選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)效、低毒、低殘留農(nong)藥(yao),嚴禁使用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留及具有三致(zhi)(致(zhi)畸、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突(tu)變(bian))作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的農(nong)藥(yao)。一般情況下,防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稻(dao)(dao)瘟病選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)三環唑(zuo);防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細菌(jun)性條斑病、白葉枯病先用(yong)(yong)(yong)消菌(jun)靈;防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)紋枯病、稻(dao)(dao)曲(qu)病用(yong)(yong)(yong)井崗霉素、粉銹寧(ning);防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立枯病用(yong)(yong)(yong)敵(di)克松(song);防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稻(dao)(dao)飛虱用(yong)(yong)(yong)吡蟲啉;防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)螟蟲用(yong)(yong)(yong)5%銳勁特加殺。
六(liu).包(bao)裝標識相關規定
包(bao)裝標(biao)識(shi)統一使(shi)用(yong)息(xi)烽(feng)西山貢米結合農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)識(shi)圖案作為(wei)包(bao)裝標(biao)識(shi)標(biao)注。 本規定地(di)域范圍內的西望山優質大米農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)經營者,在產(chan)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)包(bao)裝上使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志,須向(xiang)息(xi)烽(feng)縣農(nong)業技術開發(fa)服務中心(xin)提出申請(qing),按時相關要求規范生產(chan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)志。