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一(yi).自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因素

平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)壩(ba)區地(di)處黔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)腹地(di)，因“地(di)勢平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曠”而得名，是(shi)貴(gui)州高(gao)原上(shang)的(de)魚米(mi)之(zhi)鄉，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)間文化藝術(shu)之(zhi)鄉、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國屯堡文化之(zhi)鄉、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國清真美食之(zhi)鄉、全(quan)省(sheng)小城(cheng)鎮建(jian)設示范縣（區），下轄9個鄉（鎮、街(jie)道(dao)辦），國土面(mian)積999平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里，總(zong)人口(kou)36萬(wan)，耕地(di)面(mian)積25.47萬(wan)畝，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)萬(wan)畝以(yi)上(shang)的(de)大壩(ba)有6個、千畝以(yi)上(shang)大壩(ba)12個，人均(jun)耕地(di)面(mian)積0.71畝，自古有“黔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大糧(liang)倉(cang)”的(de)美譽。優質(zhi)大米(mi)（福壽米(mi)、貢皇米(mi)）、灰(hui)鵝、林卡辣椒等(deng)名優土特產品(pin)久負盛(sheng)名，享譽省(sheng)內外。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)壩(ba)區氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬北亞熱帶高(gao)原季(ji)風濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)，雨熱同季(ji)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和、雨量充沛(pei)、四(si)季(ji)分(fen)明，冬無(wu)(wu)(wu)嚴寒、夏無(wu)(wu)(wu)酷署，日照(zhao)(zhao)充足，年平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.0℃，年平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)地(di)面(mian)溫(wen)度(du)16.6℃，無(wu)(wu)(wu)霜期289天；年平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨量1265.3mm，相對濕(shi)(shi)度(du)年平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)83%，全(quan)年日照(zhao)(zhao)時間1147.7-1296.7之(zhi)間，適宜(yi)多種牧(mu)草及(ji)飼料作物(wu)生長(chang)，青綠(lv)期長(chang)達(da)10個月以(yi)上(shang)，生物(wu)產量高(gao)于北方(fang)3-5倍。產區溪(xi)河(he)縱橫(heng)、山塘水(shui)庫密布，水(shui)面(mian)占總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)36%，豆科、禾本(ben)科牧(mu)草及(ji)水(shui)稻(dao)、玉米(mi)、豆米(mi)、薯類等(deng)農產品(pin)豐富。

二.地域范圍

平壩灰(hui)(hui)鵝地域(yu)保護范圍為(wei)：白云鎮、羊昌鄉(xiang)、夏(xia)云鎮、安平辦(ban)、鼓樓辦(ban)、十字鄉(xiang)、齊(qi)伯鄉(xiang)、樂平鎮、天龍(long)鎮9個鄉(xiang)（鎮、街道辦(ban)），地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)：東經106°34′06″至106°59′24″，北緯(wei)26°15′18″至26°37′45″，總面積999平方公(gong)里。平壩灰(hui)(hui)鵝養殖規模為(wei)4.5萬(wan)羽，產(chan)量225噸(dun)。

三(san).產品品質特性特征

1、外(wai)部感觀特(te)征：平壩灰(hui)鵝體型(xing)中等(deng)、緊湊、優美，頸長呈(cheng)弓(gong)形(xing)，全身羽毛呈(cheng)不同程(cheng)度的灰(hui)色(se)(se)，額頂有一寬(kuan)窄不等(deng)的灰(hui)白(bai)色(se)(se)毛圈，眼瞼淡黃，喙和額瘤黑(hei)色(se)(se)，脛、蹼為橘(ju)紅(hong)色(se)(se)或黑(hei)色(se)(se)，咽袋呈(cheng)三角(jiao)形(xing)，外(wai)形(xing)獨(du)具特(te)征。平壩灰(hui)鵝肉色(se)(se)紅(hong)亮(liang)，肉質(zhi)細(xi)嫩，味鮮美清香，油而不膩。

2、內在品質指標：蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)質18-22(g/100g）,鉀195-205(mg/100g）,膽固醇50-70(mg/100g)；氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)：谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan)、賴(lai)氨(an)(an)酸(suan)、精(jing)氨(an)(an)酸(suan)等16種氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)總(zong)量16.1-20.6(g/100g)；不(bu)(bu)飽和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸(suan)：α-亞麻酸(suan)C18：3n3等不(bu)(bu)飽和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸(suan)總(zong)量60-74.1(g/100g)。生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)育(yu)：平(ping)(ping)(ping)壩(ba)灰(hui)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)較快，剛(gang)出(chu)殼(ke)的雛鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)92.5克，30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達731克。30～90日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)為(wei)發(fa)育(yu)盛(sheng)期，其消化(hua)(hua)能力、抗病(bing)力和適應性(xing)等大(da)為(wei)增(zeng)強，骨(gu)骼(ge)、肌肉、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)毛(mao)(mao)迅速(su)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。尤以30～40日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)最(zui)快，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)增(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)76克。90日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)3.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)3.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，分別為(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的70.8%和80.9%，最(zui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)個體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)可(ke)達5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。雛鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)胎毛(mao)(mao)由(you)黃變灰(hui)白(bai)，30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)尾部、體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)側(ce)、翼、腹部長(chang)(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao)，50～60日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)頭(tou)面換(huan)好(hao)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)毛(mao)(mao)，60～80日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)背腰(yao)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)毛(mao)(mao)換(huan)齊，翅羽(yu)(yu)(yu)開(kai)始生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，5月(yue)齡(ling)后主翼羽(yu)(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)齊。成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)4.4～6.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，最(zui)高(gao)可(ke)達8公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3.4～5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，最(zui)高(gao)為(wei)7公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)能：產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)旺季集中在10月(yue)下(xia)旬至11月(yue)下(xia)旬，每窩(wo)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)11枚(mei)(mei)，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)量33枚(mei)(mei)，最(zui)高(gao)達55枚(mei)(mei)，周歲年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)2窩(wo)，18～36枚(mei)(mei)，2～3周歲以上的經產(chan)(chan)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)3窩(wo)，27～44枚(mei)(mei)，多為(wei)隔天產(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)。蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)殼(ke)白(bai)色(se)，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)較大(da)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)150.7克，最(zui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達178克，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)形橢圓，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)型(xing)指數(shu)1.48。蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)殼(ke)厚(hou)度0.62毫米(mi)，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)品質好(hao)，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)粘稠，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)黃色(se)澤深(shen)黃。產(chan)(chan)肉性(xing)能 在農村散養條件下(xia)，半凈膛(tang)屠(tu)宰率(lv)(lv)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)78.1%,母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)77.4%，全凈膛(tang)屠(tu)宰率(lv)(lv)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)67.6%，母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)67.8%，肥(fei)育(yu)性(xing)能良好(hao)，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪沉積能力強。用玉(yu)米(mi)15～20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)強制(zhi)育(yu)肥(fei)20～30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，可(ke)增(zeng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1.5～3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。繁殖性(xing)能 平(ping)(ping)(ping)壩(ba)灰(hui)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)性(xing)成(cheng)熟較晚，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)需200～270天，母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)需240～300天，母(mu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)就巢性(xing)較強，下(xia)完一窩(wo)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)就賴(lai)抱。自然孵(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)期平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，最(zui)長(chang)(chang)(chang)32日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，受精(jing)率(lv)(lv)達89.7%，孵(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)87.5%，鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)群公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、母(mu)比(bi)例一般為(wei)1：4。

四(si).特(te)定生(sheng)產方式(shi)

1、產(chan)地選擇：首先應選擇牧(mu)草資源豐富的(de)山(shan)塘水庫，周圍有利于(yu)種植優質(zhi)牧(mu)草的(de)草山(shan)草坡(po)，水源四季(ji)供水充足，無(wu)污染(ran)，通(tong)風順暢，向陽避(bi)風，位于(yu)居民區下風向。土質(zhi)應選擇透(tou)水性好的(de)沙質(zhi)土壤。電(dian)力通(tong)訊交通(tong)便利，但考慮到(dao)防(fang)疫(yi)的(de)需要，鵝舍與(yu)主要交通(tong)干線的(de)距離應不(bu)少于(yu)1000米(mi)。

2、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)(yu)：平(ping)(ping)壩(ba)灰(hui)鵝(e)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場和(he)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)同時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，由貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)大(da)學動物科(ke)學院、貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省畜牧獸醫科(ke)研所等提供技術(shu)指導。1982年(nian)開始(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)平(ping)(ping)壩(ba)灰(hui)鵝(e)的(de)(de)選育(yu)(yu)，重點(dian)針對(dui)平(ping)(ping)壩(ba)灰(hui)鵝(e)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整理，提高體型(xing)外(wai)貌和(he)生(sheng)產性(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)整齊度(du)。2004年(nian)在(zai)(zai)中心產區(qu)建設平(ping)(ping)壩(ba)灰(hui)鵝(e)保(bao)(bao)護場，占地52畝，存欄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)1250羽，其(qi)中種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母(mu)鵝(e)1000羽，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公鵝(e)250羽，有(you)人(ren)工孵化室、人(ren)工授精室、育(yu)(yu)雛室及相(xiang)應的(de)(de)配套(tao)設備。在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)建設有(you)200羽以(yi)上保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擴繁場8個，存欄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)1962羽，其(qi)中種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公鵝(e)327羽，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母(mu)鵝(e)1635羽。在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)護場和(he)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)除采取(qu)制(zhi)定規劃、獎勵(li)扶持(chi)、設立專項發展資(zi)金、目標考核等行(xing)政措(cuo)施(shi)外(wai)，還采取(qu)以(yi)下技術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)：2.1在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)嚴禁飼養其(qi)它鵝(e)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；2.2按標準選留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)。

3、生產過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li):本(ben)技(ji)術規定了平壩(ba)灰鵝飼養(yang)(yang)過程(cheng)的(de)要求。人員(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)：鵝場的(de)飼養(yang)(yang)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)定期進行健(jian)康檢(jian)查，傳染(ran)病患者不得從(cong)事養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)工作；場內(nei)獸醫人員(yuan)(yuan)不準(zhun)對外(wai)診療。一(yi)般養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場（戶(hu)）的(de)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)從(cong)業人員(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)應(ying)保持健(jian)康。飼養(yang)(yang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)：

①雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)、雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)是指4周齡以(yi)內(nei)的(de)(de)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)。雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)(de)采食(shi)(shi)量(liang)依據日齡的(de)(de)不同而不同。具體每(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)采食(shi)(shi)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)適宜，見下表(biao)1（略)：飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)：雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)進入(ru)育雛(chu)(chu)(chu)室后(hou)(hou)，先飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)開(kai)食(shi)(shi)或(huo)者同時進行，若是浸透(tou)米（飯）和(he)青飼(si)(si)料可(ke)隔日供水(shui)(shui)(shui)，使用配合飼(si)(si)料需(xu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)。見下表(biao)（略）：20-30°C時每(mei)100只(zhi)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)(de)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)單位：升/100只(zhi)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)出殼24小時后(hou)(hou)飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)可(ke)加入(ru)復合維生(sheng)(sheng)素和(he)少(shao)(shao)許紅糖；也(ye)可(ke)每(mei)公(gong)斤水(shui)(shui)(shui)加入(ru)1克維生(sheng)(sheng)素或(huo)0.1%高錳酸鉀溶液；或(huo)者可(ke)用青茶泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)飲(yin)，50克茶葉泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)2公(gong)斤。但不能(neng)讓飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)沾濕(shi)(shi)絨毛(mao)和(he)溢濕(shi)(shi)墊草(cao)。開(kai)食(shi)(shi)：開(kai)食(shi)(shi)飼(si)(si)料應當是營養豐(feng)富(fu)、易消化、鮮嫩(nen)多(duo)汁，用青飼(si)(si)料拌浸透(tou)碎米，青、碎米比(bi)例為4：1。飼(si)(si)喂(wei)(wei)次(ci)數：飼(si)(si)喂(wei)(wei)應少(shao)(shao)量(liang)多(duo)餐，提高飼(si)(si)料利用率。一(yi)般前(qian)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)白天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)喂(wei)(wei)4—5次(ci)，晚上加喂(wei)(wei)一(yi)次(ci)；4—10日齡，白天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)喂(wei)(wei)5—6次(ci)，晚上加喂(wei)(wei)1次(ci)。每(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)投料以(yi)八成飽為宜。雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)放(fang)牧：從11日齡起，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣晴好(hao)時，有(you)條件(jian)的(de)(de)地方可(ke)以(yi)開(kai)始(shi)放(fang)牧，放(fang)牧前(qian)不喂(wei)(wei)料，促使雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)在草(cao)地采食(shi)(shi)野(ye)青草(cao)。每(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上午、下午各放(fang)牧一(yi)次(ci)。嬉(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)：雛(chu)(chu)(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)在羽毛(mao)未長出前(qian)絕對不能(neng)嬉(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，腹(fu)部羽毛(mao)長齊后(hou)(hou)，晴天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)可(ke)讓其在淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)、清潔水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)嬉(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。

②育成鵝(e)放牧(mu)(mu)補(bu)料：育成鵝(e)一月齡后消(xiao)化能力(li)強，是生長速度最快的(de)階段。飼養管理應充分放牧(mu)(mu)或全天(tian)放牧(mu)(mu)。沒有條件放牧(mu)(mu)，實行圈(quan)養，只要是無毒青(qing)菜、野菜都可切碎拌(ban)入(ru)(ru)適量的(de)米(mi)(mi)糠、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)粉、谷粉或配合飼料供(gong)鵝(e)足夠食用(yong)。晚(wan)上飼喂：中(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)消(xiao)化能力(li)強，晚(wan)上應增(zeng)加(jia)補(bu)給配合料拌(ban)入(ru)(ru)青(qing)飼料進(jin)行飼喂。配合料可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)稻谷38—41%、玉(yu)8—10%、麥麩10%、米(mi)(mi)糠20—22%、濃縮料12—15%、礦物質(zhi)3%。增(zeng)加(jia)育成鵝(e)的(de)日糧和營養需要。放牧(mu)(mu)嬉(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)：在放牧(mu)(mu)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)采(cai)(cai)食—嬉(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)—休息—采(cai)(cai)食的(de)方法，每天(tian)不少于三(san)次(ci)嬉(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，高溫(wen)天(tian)氣嬉(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)次(ci)數增(zeng)多，時間要延(yan)長。

③肉用(yong)鵝(e)肉用(yong)鵝(e)是青年鵝(e)飼養到(dao)45-60 日齡時，不(bu)留種用(yong)而進行肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)育作為(wei)商品鵝(e)。肉鵝(e)育肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時間一般10—15天(tian)。舍飼育肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：適(shi)宜于集約化規(gui)模化生(sheng)產。其方(fang)法：喂(wei)給高(gao)能(neng)量(liang)日糧如玉米(mi)(mi)、稻谷等(deng)；限(xian)制光照在較暗的欄舍內(nei)飼喂(wei)；減(jian)少運動，每平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)4—6只；不(bu)限(xian)量(liang)飼喂(wei)并(bing)保證有充(chong)足飲水(shui)(shui)，以(yi)增(zeng)進食欲幫助消化，使體脂(zhi)迅速(su)沉(chen)積。填(tian)飼育肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：將紅薯馬(ma)鈴薯絲、碎米(mi)(mi)、米(mi)(mi)糠等(deng)混合精料或配合飼料加(jia)(jia)適(shi)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)，搓成(cheng)粗1-1.5厘米(mi)(mi)、長(chang)6厘米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右的條(tiao)狀物，等(deng)其涼干后(hou)，用(yong)人工填(tian)入鵝(e)的食道中(zhong)。每天(tian)填(tian)3次，每次3—4條(tiao)，然后(hou)逐漸增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)每天(tian)4—5次，每次填(tian)5—6條(tiao)。填(tian)喂(wei)后(hou)把鵝(e)關在圈內(nei)，盡(jin)量(liang)減(jian)少活動，并(bing)供(gong)給充(chong)足飲水(shui)(shui)。育肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)鵝(e)膘度標(biao)志：全身(shen)皮(pi)下脂(zhi)肪(fang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)厚(hou)，尾部豐滿，胸肌(ji)胞滿厚(hou)實，摸不(bu)到(dao)龍骨(gu)，富含脂(zhi)肪(fang)，翼下兩側體軀皮(pi)膚下脂(zhi)肪(fang)增(zeng)厚(hou)，結(jie)實富有彈性(xing)似板粟大(da)小的脂(zhi)肪(fang)團(tuan)為(wei)上(shang)等(deng)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)度；若肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)肪(fang)團(tuan)疏松為(wei)中(zhong)等(deng)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)度；摸不(bu)到(dao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)肪(fang)團(tuan)為(wei)下等(deng)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)度。

④種(zhong)母(mu)(mu)鵝種(zhong)母(mu)(mu)鵝的(de)飼(si)(si)養分為(wei)(wei)后備(bei)期(qi)(qi)、休(xiu)(xiu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)期(qi)(qi)、預產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)期(qi)(qi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)期(qi)(qi)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理。后備(bei)種(zhong)母(mu)(mu)鵝的(de)管(guan)理：須(xu)降(jiang)低能量飼(si)(si)料(liao)，增加(jia)礦物(wu)質和蛋(dan)(dan)白質飼(si)(si)料(liao)，以(yi)提高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)量。種(zhong)母(mu)(mu)鵝休(xiu)(xiu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)期(qi)(qi)的(de)飼(si)(si)養：休(xiu)(xiu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)期(qi)(qi)是指母(mu)(mu)鵝在(zai)(zai)4—5月份(fen)(fen)結束產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)到下半年7—8月份(fen)(fen)之間(jian)階段。主(zhu)(zhu)要以(yi)放(fang)牧為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，補料(liao)為(wei)(wei)輔，節約精(jing)(jing)料(liao)，日糧由精(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)粗，降(jiang)低飼(si)(si)養成本。種(zhong)母(mu)(mu)鵝預產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)期(qi)(qi)的(de)飼(si)(si)養：須(xu)喂(wei)(wei)好喂(wei)(wei)飽，放(fang)牧時間(jian)延長。在(zai)(zai)運動場放(fang)置貝殼粉(fen)、成石灰粉(fen)、供其采食，精(jing)(jing)料(liao)中要添加(jia)營養價值全面的(de)占日糧5%的(de)濃縮料(liao)，促進各種(zhong)營養物(wu)質的(de)儲備(bei)為(wei)(wei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)做(zuo)好準備(bei)。種(zhong)母(mu)(mu)鵝產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)期(qi)(qi)的(de)飼(si)(si)養：產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)期(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)鵝應(ying)以(yi)舍飼(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，放(fang)牧為(wei)(wei)輔。日糧中精(jing)(jing)、粗、青(qing)料(liao)要合(he)理搭配(pei)，要喂(wei)(wei)給含(han)鈣磷多的(de)飼(si)(si)料(liao)。為(wei)(wei)使母(mu)(mu)鵝在(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋(dan)(dan)期(qi)(qi)保持旺(wang)盛性欲(yu)，提高(gao)種(zhong)蛋(dan)(dan)受精(jing)(jing)率(lv)，公母(mu)(mu)合(he)群放(fang)牧，增加(jia)交配(pei)次數。公、母(mu)(mu)比例為(wei)(wei)1：5。

⑤種(zhong)公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)種(zhong)公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)按平壩灰鵝(e)(e)(e)特性(xing)特征標準(zhun)評分(fen)90分(fen)以(yi)上作種(zhong)用。在(zai)配種(zhong)前嚴格淘汰(tai)劣質(zhi)、病殘公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)。自然交配：種(zhong)公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)的后備期(qi)、生(sheng)產期(qi)都可與(yu)種(zhong)母鵝(e)(e)(e)合(he)群飼養(yang)在(zai)一起，同(tong)群放牧，同(tong)群喂(wei)料(liao)(liao)。人工授精的種(zhong)公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)：種(zhong)公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)群不宜過(guo)大(da)(da)，一般(ban)為40只以(yi)內，根據體質(zhi)、年齡、個體大(da)(da)小編組放在(zai)小欄中(zhong)飼養(yang)。每只公(gong)鵝(e)(e)(e)占地(di)要有一平方米以(yi)上。青(qing)料(liao)(liao)不限量喂(wei)給，給足清潔飲水(shui)，精料(liao)(liao)或配合(he)料(liao)(liao)要富含(han)蛋白質(zhi)和必需(xu)氨(an)基酸(suan)、維生(sheng)素(su)、礦物質(zhi)。采(cai)精頻率，每天(tian)不得超過(guo)三次，最(zui)好隔日采(cai)精一次為優。

⑥生產(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)建立生產(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)檔案，包(bao)括引種記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，培訓記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，飼(si)(si)養管(guan)理記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，飼(si)(si)料采購和使(shi)用記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)（含青(qing)飼(si)(si)料），鵝蛋(dan)生產(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，廢棄物處(chu)理記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，消(xiao)毒記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，獸藥使(shi)用記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，防疫免(mian)疫記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，病死尸體(ti)或淘汰種鵝的處(chu)理記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，鵝蛋(dan)檢(jian)測記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、活鵝檢(jian)疫記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)，銷售記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)等。所有記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)應在(zai)灰鵝出售或清群后保存3年以(yi)上。

五.包裝(zhuang)標識(shi)相(xiang)關規定(ding)

本規定地域范圍(wei)內的平壩(ba)灰鵝(e)農產(chan)品生產(chan)經營者，在產(chan)品或包裝上使用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，須(xu)向安順市平壩(ba)區畜禽(qin)品種(zhong)改良站提(ti)出(chu)申請(qing)，按(an)照(zhao)相關要(yao)求規范生產(chan)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，統(tong)一采用(yong)(yong)平壩(ba)灰鵝(e)產(chan)品名稱和(he)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識相結合的標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注方法。