一.自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素
安(an)順金刺(ci)(ci)梨產(chan)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)勢相對平坦,全(quan)(quan)區(qu)海拔800m——1400m之間,產(chan)區(qu)廣(guang)泛分(fen)布著適宜安(an)順金刺(ci)(ci)梨生長的黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang),以(yi)黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,次有(you)石灰土(tu)、紫色土(tu)、山地(di)(di)(di)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、水稻土(tu)等(deng)(deng)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)層(ceng)(ceng)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)砂壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)——中(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu),底層(ceng)(ceng)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輕(qing)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)——重壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu),含(han)鐵、磷(lin)等(deng)(deng)元(yuan)素豐富,全(quan)(quan)市(shi)自然土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)多(duo)(duo)處(chu)丘陵地(di)(di)(di)帶。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)濕潤,土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)較厚(hou),腐殖質(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou),質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)適中(zhong)。地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)土(tu)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)10cm以(yi)上,土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)40cm以(yi)上,表(biao)層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量大于2%,全(quan)(quan)氮大于0.1%,平均PH值5.5,產(chan)區(qu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu含(han)量全(quan)(quan)部符(fu)合NY5020—2001無公害標準,這也是安(an)順金刺(ci)(ci)梨微量元(yuan)素含(han)量理想的原因。產(chan)區(qu)年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)14—16℃,年均日照(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1200—1400h,全(quan)(quan)市(shi)年霧日數(shu)多(duo)(duo)在60天左右,日照(zhao)(zhao)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)26—33%。年平均降水量1100—1450mm,平均相對濕度(du)72—82%,是安(an)順金刺(ci)(ci)梨生產(chan)適宜區(qu)域。
二.地域范圍
安(an)順(shun)金(jin)刺梨(li)農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)地(di)(di)域保護范(fan)圍(wei)安(an)順(shun)市(shi)西(xi)秀區、平(ping)壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、普定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、關嶺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、紫云(yun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、安(an)順(shun)經濟開發(fa)區、黃(huang)果樹管(guan)委會等8個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、區(管(guan)委會)現轄行政區域。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標(biao)(biao)為(wei):北緯(wei)25°21’至26°38’,東經105°13’至106°34’。種植面積16.5萬(wan)畝,產(chan)量4萬(wan)噸,產(chan)值(zhi)4億元。地(di)(di)處長江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系烏江(jiang)流域和(he)珠江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系北盤江(jiang)流域的分水(shui)(shui)嶺地(di)(di)帶,立體氣候和(he)生(sheng)物多樣性明顯,森林覆蓋率達36%。全市(shi)東鄰(lin)省(sheng)會貴陽市(shi)和(he)黔南(nan)布依(yi)族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治州,西(xi)靠六盤水(shui)(shui)市(shi),南(nan)連(lian)黔西(xi)南(nan)布依(yi)族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治州,北接畢節地(di)(di)區,總面積9267平(ping)方公里。
三.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征:果實(shi)外形(xing)紡錘形(xing),果皮黃褐色,密生(sheng)針刺(ci)、萼片宿存(cun)暗綠色,果肉(rou)金黃色,肉(rou)質脆(cui)嫩,風味濃(nong),囊室著生(sheng)絲狀種子。
2、內在品質指標:安(an)(an)順金刺梨品質優(you)異,經貴州(zhou)省農產品質量安(an)(an)全(quan)監督檢驗測(ce)試中心檢測(ce)顯示,安(an)(an)順金刺梨還原糖為4.5~8.5%,維(wei)生素C為850.0~1000.0mg/100g。
3、安順金(jin)刺(ci)梨(li)生產(chan)嚴格按(an)無公害農產(chan)品生產(chan)規范和標準生產(chan)。產(chan)品安全(quan)質量應符合DB52/T XXXXX—XXXX《安順金(jin)刺(ci)梨(li)栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)規范》。
四(si).特定生產方式
安順(shun)金刺(ci)(ci)梨(li)栽種區(qu)域一般(ban)選擇交通條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件好(hao),排灌方(fang)便的(de)緩坡地(di)(di)帶,坡地(di)(di)坡度(du)≤30度(du),并(bing)改為梯(ti)地(di)(di),開梯(ti)沿坡的(de)等高(gao)線寬度(du)應(ying)為栽植(zhi)(zhi)帶距(ju)1.5的(de)倍數。園地(di)(di)環境質量(liang)應(ying)符(fu)合(he)NY5023《無公害食品(pin)熱帶水(shui)果(guo)產地(di)(di)環境條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件》的(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。主(zhu)要栽培(pei)品(pin)種為金刺(ci)(ci)梨(li)。繁(fan)殖方(fang)式(shi)為扦插育(yu)苗(miao)。扦插育(yu)苗(miao)春(chun)、夏、秋三季(ji)(ji)(ji)均可進(jin)行,春(chun)插將(jiang)(jiang)1年(nian)生枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)剪成(cheng)10~12cm長(chang),下(xia)端(duan)斜剪,上(shang)(shang)端(duan)斜剪藏于濕沙中(zhong)。次(ci)年(nian)2月上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)斜插于苗(miao)圃(pu)中(zhong),露(lu)1芽(ya)在外(wai),踏(ta)(ta)實插條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)周(zhou)圍床土。夏、秋扦插,取1~3年(nian)生枝(zhi),用ABT生根粉處(chu)理插條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)基部,成(cheng)活率100%。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)密度(du)采(cai)用2m×1m或(huo)(huo)2m×1.5m的(de)行株距(ju)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)期于11月下(xia)旬(xun)到翌年(nian)2月上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)落葉后(hou)(hou)的(de)休眠期內定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)技術:定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi),先(xian)在定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴上(shang)(shang)挖大小(xiao)適宜的(de)坑,將(jiang)(jiang)苗(miao)放入坑內,確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)好(hao)苗(miao)木(mu)的(de)位(wei)置和深(shen)度(du),將(jiang)(jiang)根系疏展(zhan),填(tian)入細(xi)土,再將(jiang)(jiang)苗(miao)木(mu)略向上(shang)(shang)提,使其根系伸(shen)展(zhan)開,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)士(shi)填(tian)回,踏(ta)(ta)實。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)深(shen)度(du)以(yi)(yi)苗(miao)木(mu)出圃(pu)時(shi)(shi)的(de)埋土深(shen)度(du)為準,在定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴周(zhou)圍或(huo)(huo)溝(gou)的(de)兩側(ce)筑(zhu)上(shang)(shang)小(xiao)土埂,澆透定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui),加強管理,以(yi)(yi)保成(cheng)活。栽培(pei)管理包括整形修剪:保持(chi)樹高(gao)1.5~2m,冠幅1.5m左右,全叢5~8個主(zhu)枝(zhi),其上(shang)(shang)交錯分(fen)布結果(guo)母枝(zhi);中(zhong)耕除草:樹苗(miao)成(cheng)活后(hou)(hou),每年(nian)春(chun)、秋兩季(ji)(ji)(ji)應(ying)結合(he)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)進(jin)行兩次(ci)中(zhong)耕除草,疏松(song)土壤,除去樹兜(dou)周(zhou)圍雜草,以(yi)(yi)利生長(chang),冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)須培(pei)土壅(yong)兜(dou),防凍保暖(nuan);施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):多施(shi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)促進(jin)果(guo)實生長(chang),春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)應(ying)施(shi)氮(dan)磷混合(he)肥(fei)(fei)料,以(yi)(yi)促進(jin)枝(zhi)葉生長(chang)及開花,一般(ban)成(cheng)年(nian)樹春(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)每株可施(shi)廄肥(fei)(fei)2~5kg ;秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)每株可施(shi)堆肥(fei)(fei)、草木(mu)灰等5~10kg ,將(jiang)(jiang)樹周(zhou)圍的(de)土地(di)(di)挖開一層,圍繞四周(zhou)將(jiang)(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)入,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)仍用原土覆蓋(gai)。自(zi)8~11月底采(cai)收,分(fen)鮮(xian)果(guo)和干制,以(yi)(yi)果(guo)實深(shen)黃色,并(bing)有果(guo)香味(wei)散(san)發時(shi)(shi)分(fen)批采(cai)摘(zhai)為好(hao)。采(cai)摘(zhai)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)輕(qing)放防壓(ya),鮮(xian)果(guo)采(cai)后(hou)(hou)立即(ji)出售(shou)。干果(guo)加工(gong)簡便,將(jiang)(jiang)果(guo)實曬干、烘干即(ji)可。干制品(pin)存放時(shi)(shi)間約為1年(nian)。
五.包裝標識(shi)相關規(gui)定(ding)
本規(gui)定地域范(fan)圍內的安順金刺梨農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)生(sheng)產經營者,在產品(pin)或包(bao)裝上使(shi)用農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)地理標(biao)志,須向安順市農(nong)(nong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)推廣站提出申請,按照相關要求規(gui)范(fan)生(sheng)產和(he)使(shi)用標(biao)志,統(tong)一采用安順金刺梨產品(pin)名稱和(he)農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)地理標(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)識相結合的標(biao)識標(biao)注方法。