貴州(zhou)(zhou)六大(da)貢米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中歷(li)史最悠久的(de)貢米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質上乘,米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)品珍貴,有云貴高(gao)原黑珍珠(zhu)之稱。據《定番州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)》記(ji)載,宋朝時期,南(nan)寧(ning)州(zhou)(zhou)(今惠水)土司(si)龍彥韜(tao)帶領一(yi)千余人(ren),歷(li)時兩月專程向朝廷進貢黑糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深得皇帝贊賞,自此黑糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)成為南(nan)寧(ning)州(zhou)(zhou)各番向朝廷進貢的(de)地方特產(chan)。黑糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)皮紫黑、內(nei)質潔白(bai)、煮(zhu)后黝黑晶瑩色澤(ze)鮮(xian)艷、濃郁芳香、口感清香自然(ran)、綿(mian)軟而有彈性,富含豐富的(de)蛋白(bai)質、VB1、VB2以及Fe、Zn、Cu等微量元素(su),素(su)有“補(bu)血米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”、“長(chang)壽米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”、“藥米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”、“神仙(xian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”等美稱。
在(zai)惠水少數(shu)民(min)族(zu)(zu)豐(feng)富(fu)多(duo)樣的包(bao)含文(wen)化中(zhong),糯(nuo)食文(wen)化是最具特(te)色的文(wen)化這一(yi),惠水黑糯(nuo)米是一(yi)種地(di)方稀(xi)有糯(nuo)稻,栽培歷史源遠流長,因(yin)其具有食味(wei)(wei)濃郁芳香、綿軟有彈性(xing),冷后(hou)回硬(ying)感特(te)點以(yi)及(ji)明(ming)顯的藥(yao)用功能,在(zai)清朝時期(qi),也在(zai)漢族(zu)(zu)和其他民(min)族(zu)(zu)中(zhong)開始大規模種植(zhi)(zhi),據光緒年間(jian)《貴州(zhou)通志》 記載:定番仲家,廣值黑稻,味(wei)(wei)香糯(nuo)彈,漢族(zu)(zu)廣植(zhi)(zhi)。
惠水黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)因其(qi)品(pin)質好(hao)(hao)而稀有珍貴(gui),被譽為(wei)云貴(gui)高原的“黑(hei)(hei)珍珠”。惠水黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)富(fu)含(han)滋(zi)補和藥(yao)用(yong)的功(gong)效,中醫(yi)記(ji)載:黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)具有補血益氣、補腦健腎(shen)(shen),使(shi)肌膚細嫩(nen),體制增強功(gong)效的功(gong)效。有內(nei)服滋(zi)補、外用(yong)接骨生(sheng)肌之(zhi)效,故又有“藥(yao)米(mi)(mi)”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)舊社會(hui)時期(qi),醫(yi)療條(tiao)件差,惠水當(dang)地的產(chan)婦(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)坐月(yue)子(zi)期(qi)間(jian)都(dou)要吃黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi),俗稱(cheng)“月(yue)婆飯”,因為(wei)黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)有收宮健身之(zhi)功(gong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)惠水,當(dang)媳婦(fu)有身孕時,自己的婆婆和丈夫都(dou)會(hui)提前準備好(hao)(hao)上好(hao)(hao)的黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi),中醫(yi)理論有黑(hei)(hei)入腎(shen)(shen),腎(shen)(shen)強則(ze)青春煥發、精(jing)力充(chong)沛。在(zai)(zai)(zai)惠水黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)的主產(chan)區擺金鎮(zhen)、雅水鎮(zhen)一帶,當(dang)地人(ren)個個頭發烏黑(hei)(hei)、精(jing)神抖擻,就與他們長期(qi)食用(yong)惠水黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)有著很大的關系。
營養價值
黑(hei)糯(nuo)米(mi)以其(qi)具(ju)有豐(feng)富的營養(yang)價(jia)(jia)值和藥(yao)用價(jia)(jia)值而(er)被譽為“黑(hei)珍(zhen)珠”。
中醫理論上,“有(you)黑(hei)(hei)入腎,腎強則青春煥(huan)發,精力充沛”之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo);民間則視為(wei)(wei)具有(you)滋補健身(shen)和(he)(he)藥用(yong)(yong)功(gong)效。根(gen)據貴州農學(xue)院對十(shi)(shi)七(qi)個(ge)黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)品(pin)(pin)種和(he)(he)五(wu)個(ge)白(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)品(pin)(pin)種進行分(fen)(fen)(fen)析化驗對比的結果,黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)比白(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的蛋白(bai)(bai)質、賴氨酸(suan)和(he)(he)核(he)黃(huang)素含(han)量都高(gao)。黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粗蛋白(bai)(bai)含(han)量在(zai)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)八(ba)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu),平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)四八(ba),而(er)白(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)五(wu)三(san)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba),平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)五(wu)二(er);黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)賴氨酸(suan)含(han)量在(zai)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)二(er)至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)五(wu)二(er),平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)四一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),而(er)白(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)僅(jin)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)八(ba)至(zhi)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)七(qi),乎均(jun)為(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)二(er);黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每百(bai)(bai)(bai)克(ke)含(han)核(he)黃(huang)素在(zai)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)至(zhi)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毫克(ke),平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)毫克(ke),而(er)白(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)零(ling)八(ba)至(zhi)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)毫克(ke),平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毫克(ke)。根(gen)據民食(shi)(shi)習慣,黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)糙米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)進食(shi)(shi),白(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)精白(bai)(bai)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)進食(shi)(shi)。因此,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般地(di)說(shuo)來,黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的營養價(jia)值比白(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)得(de)多(duo)。產婦(fu)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)較之(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)助于滋補產后(hou)造成的身(shen)體虛弱,有(you)利于增加乳(ru)汁,哺乳(ru)嬰兒。黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不僅(jin)對產婦(fu)有(you)良好的滋補作用(yong)(yong),而(er)且對于慢性病患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)、恢復(fu)期(qi)病人和(he)(he)體虛者(zhe)(zhe),都是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種很(hen)好的營養滋補品(pin)(pin)。
因此(ci),多(duo)少年來(lai),即成為當地農民(min)群眾,特別是少數民(min)族逢年過節和待客(ke)送禮的(de)珍品。