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貴州(zhou)六大貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)中(zhong)歷史最悠久的貢(gong)(gong)米(mi)，米(mi)質(zhi)上乘(cheng)，米(mi)品珍貴，有云貴高原黑珍珠之(zhi)稱。據(ju)《定番州(zhou)志》記(ji)載(zai)，宋朝時期(qi)，南寧州(zhou)（今惠水(shui)）土司龍彥韜帶領一(yi)千余人(ren)，歷時兩月專程向朝廷進貢(gong)(gong)黑糯(nuo)米(mi)，深得皇帝贊賞，自(zi)此黑糯(nuo)米(mi)成為南寧州(zhou)各番向朝廷進貢(gong)(gong)的地方特(te)產。黑糯(nuo)米(mi)米(mi)皮紫黑、內質(zhi)潔白、煮后(hou)黝黑晶(jing)瑩色澤鮮艷(yan)、濃郁芳(fang)香(xiang)、口感(gan)清香(xiang)自(zi)然、綿(mian)軟而有彈性(xing)，富(fu)含豐富(fu)的蛋白質(zhi)、VB1、VB2以(yi)及Fe、Zn、Cu等微(wei)量元(yuan)素(su)，素(su)有“補血米(mi)”、“長壽米(mi)”、“藥米(mi)”、“神仙(xian)米(mi)”等美(mei)稱。

在惠水少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族豐富多(duo)樣的包含文(wen)化(hua)中，糯(nuo)食(shi)文(wen)化(hua)是最具特(te)色的文(wen)化(hua)這一(yi)，惠水黑(hei)糯(nuo)米是一(yi)種(zhong)地方稀有(you)糯(nuo)稻，栽培歷史源遠流長，因其(qi)具有(you)食(shi)味濃郁芳香、綿軟有(you)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)，冷后回(hui)硬感(gan)特(te)點以及明(ming)顯的藥用功能(neng)，在清朝時期(qi)，也在漢族和其(qi)他民(min)族中開始大規模種(zhong)植，據光緒年間(jian)《貴州通(tong)志》 記載：定番仲家，廣值黑(hei)稻，味香糯(nuo)彈(dan)(dan)，漢族廣植。

惠(hui)(hui)水(shui)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)因(yin)其品質(zhi)好而稀有(you)(you)珍貴，被譽為云貴高原的(de)“黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)珍珠”。惠(hui)(hui)水(shui)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)富含滋補和(he)藥(yao)用的(de)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)，中醫記載：黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)具有(you)(you)補血(xue)益氣、補腦健腎，使肌膚(fu)細嫩，體制增強(qiang)(qiang)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)。有(you)(you)內(nei)服滋補、外用接骨生肌之(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)，故又有(you)(you)“藥(yao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)。在(zai)舊社會時期(qi)，醫療條件差，惠(hui)(hui)水(shui)當(dang)地的(de)產婦(fu)在(zai)坐月子(zi)期(qi)間都要(yao)吃黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，俗(su)稱(cheng)“月婆飯”，因(yin)為黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)收宮(gong)健身之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。在(zai)惠(hui)(hui)水(shui)，當(dang)媳婦(fu)有(you)(you)身孕(yun)時，自己(ji)的(de)婆婆和(he)丈夫(fu)都會提前準備好上好的(de)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，中醫理(li)論有(you)(you)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)入(ru)腎，腎強(qiang)(qiang)則青春煥(huan)發、精(jing)力充沛。在(zai)惠(hui)(hui)水(shui)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)主產區擺金鎮、雅(ya)水(shui)鎮一帶，當(dang)地人個個頭(tou)發烏黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)、精(jing)神抖擻(sou)，就與他們長期(qi)食(shi)用惠(hui)(hui)水(shui)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)著很大的(de)關系。

營養價值

黑糯米以其具有豐富的營養(yang)價值和藥用(yong)價值而被譽為“黑珍珠”。

中醫理(li)論上，“有(you)黑(hei)(hei)入(ru)腎，腎強(qiang)則(ze)青(qing)春煥發，精力(li)充(chong)沛”之(zhi)(zhi)說；民間則(ze)視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)滋(zi)補(bu)健(jian)身(shen)和藥用(yong)(yong)功效。根據貴州農學院對(dui)十七(qi)個黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)品種(zhong)和五(wu)個白(bai)(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)品種(zhong)進行分(fen)(fen)析化驗對(dui)比(bi)的(de)(de)結果，黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)比(bi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)質、賴氨酸和核黃(huang)(huang)素含(han)量(liang)都(dou)高。黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)粗蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)含(han)量(liang)在百分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)八(ba)(ba)(ba)至十四(si)(si)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)四(si)(si)八(ba)(ba)(ba)，而(er)白(bai)(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)五(wu)三(san)至十一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)五(wu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)；黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)賴氨酸含(han)量(liang)在百分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)至一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)五(wu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)四(si)(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，而(er)白(bai)(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)僅百分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)八(ba)(ba)(ba)至零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)七(qi)，乎(hu)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)；黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)每百克(ke)(ke)(ke)含(han)核黃(huang)(huang)素在零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)至零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)一(yi)(yi)(yi)毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)，而(er)白(bai)(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)零(ling)(ling)(ling)八(ba)(ba)(ba)至零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)。根據民食習慣，黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)以糙米(mi)(mi)進食，白(bai)(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)以精白(bai)(bai)(bai)米(mi)(mi)進食。因(yin)此，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般地說來(lai)，黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)營(ying)養價值比(bi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)高得多。產婦食用(yong)(yong)黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)較之(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)有(you)助于滋(zi)補(bu)產后造成的(de)(de)身(shen)體虛弱(ruo)，有(you)利于增加(jia)乳汁，哺乳嬰(ying)兒(er)。黑(hei)(hei)糯(nuo)(nuo)米(mi)(mi)不僅對(dui)產婦有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)滋(zi)補(bu)作用(yong)(yong)，而(er)且對(dui)于慢性病患者、恢(hui)復(fu)期病人(ren)和體虛者，都(dou)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)很好的(de)(de)營(ying)養滋(zi)補(bu)品。

因此，多少年(nian)(nian)來，即成為當地(di)農民群眾，特別是(shi)少數民族逢(feng)年(nian)(nian)過節和(he)待客(ke)送禮的珍品(pin)。