一.產品介紹
貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)于貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)鎮云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)山(shan),云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)在(zai)(zai)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)省(sheng)貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)南,為(wei)(wei)苗嶺(ling)山(shan)脈(mo)主峰,海拔(ba)1583.6m,是烏(wu)、沅、盤三(san)江分水嶺(ling),山(shan)多(duo)(duo)危峰峭壁(bi)、云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)彌漫,故(gu)名云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)。《康熙貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)通志(zhi)》記(ji)載:“黔省(sheng)各(ge)屬皆產(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)最有(you)(you)名。”“隋置賓化縣(xian)(xian)于大(da)(da)平(ping)伐司……唐貞觀(guan)間移(yi)故(gu)賓化縣(xian)(xian)”“長(chang)(chang)官司土官來(lai)朝(chao),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬及(ji)方物(wu)(wu)”。在(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)書記(ji)載中,貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)向歷(li)代(dai)皇帝進獻貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方物(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)記(ji)載很(hen)多(duo)(duo)。到明(ming)朝(chao)就更多(duo)(duo)而(er)(er)詳細:《明(ming)實錄太祖洪(hong)武(wu)(wu)實錄》146、230卷中記(ji)載:“洪(hong)武(wu)(wu)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)六月辛卯(1382年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))新(xin)添、大(da)(da)平(ping)伐、小平(ping)伐土酋(qiu)俱來(lai)朝(chao)……詔(zhao)賜文(wen)綺帛各(ge)五(wu)匹,鈔(chao)二(er)十錠(ding)。”“土官盧(lu)朝(chao)奉(feng)來(lai)朝(chao),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬及(ji)方物(wu)(wu)。”僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)《明(ming)實錄》所(suo)記(ji)載其276年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)中,貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬及(ji)方物(wu)(wu)”就有(you)(you)27處記(ji)載。《乾(qian)隆貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)通志(zhi)》、《續遵義府志(zhi)》又記(ji)載:“云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)茗品之(zhi)(zhi)冠,歲以(yi)充(chong)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”即每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)都(dou)要進貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給朝(chao)廷(ting)。而(er)(er)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)給皇家的(de)(de)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)數(shu)量與(yu)折銀數(shu)量都(dou)記(ji)得(de)清(qing)楚:“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽伍(wu)拾(shi)叁斤(jin)壹(yi)拾(shi)壹(yi)兩陸錢伍(wu)厘。” 清(qing)乾(qian)隆五(wu)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))以(yi)官府批文(wen)而(er)(er)刻的(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碑》,碑云(yun)(yun):“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定(ding)數(shu)舉(ju)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)斛及(ji)其余所(suo)派之(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),準行(xing)停止,以(yi)免采辦(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)累;撥(bo)銀肆百貳兩,收后(hou)發交(jiao)殷實之(zhi)(zhi)戶生(sheng)復。再年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)購辦(ban)該處貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。”碑文(wen)中兩處有(you)(you)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”二(er)字(zi)是歷(li)史(shi)(shi)實物(wu)(wu)見(jian)證(zheng)。清(qing)光(guang)緒三(san)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、三(san)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904—1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)巡撫林紹年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向朝(chao)廷(ting)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha):“貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)芽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)皇上(shang)(shang)一(yi)匣,貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)老佛(fo)(fo)爺一(yi)匣。”這段文(wen)字(zi)抄自(zi)中國(guo)第一(yi)檔案館藏《清(qing)宮秘檔》。 1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),有(you)(you)關人士(shi)將明(ming)代(dai)高(gao)僧,陽寶(bao)山(shan)白(bai)云(yun)(yun)長(chang)(chang)老“采自(zi)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)巔(dian)”,而(er)(er)培育的(de)(de)白(bai)云(yun)(yun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)請(qing)國(guo)際(ji)名人、中國(guo)佛(fo)(fo)教協會會長(chang)(chang)趙(zhao)樸初品嘗后(hou),趙(zhao)老覺得(de)“其味清(qing)香味永”而(er)(er)問(wen)此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)來(lai)歷(li),當(dang)他得(de)知傳說有(you)(you)古(gu)代(dai)高(gao)僧靈藥禪師得(de)此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)沏(qi)泡,“揭(jie)蓋時(shi)熱氣上(shang)(shang)升幻化為(wei)(wei)佛(fo)(fo)像而(er)(er)拜之(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)故(gu)事后(hou),親筆(bi)題寫“佛(fo)(fo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”兩大(da)(da)字(zi)。 同屬苗嶺(ling)山(shan)脈(mo)的(de)(de)斗蓬山(shan),是黔南原生(sheng)態環境保護區,在(zai)(zai)山(shan)腰海拔(ba)1400-1600米的(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)境內茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)寨(zhai)、丫口寨(zhai)附近,至今仍保留有(you)(you)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu),直(zhi)徑最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)48cm,最小的(de)(de)19.5cm。有(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)、也有(you)(you)600多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu),曾經采摘到貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)省(sheng)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)科所(suo)化驗,實屬野(ye)生(sheng)的(de)(de)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)。除此之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)境內有(you)(you)8座大(da)(da)山(shan)名叫(jiao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan),仍有(you)(you)400多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人工栽培的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)遺存,這一(yi)實物(wu)(wu)佐證(zheng)了貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉生(sheng)產(chan)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人文(wen)歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao):貴(gui)定(ding)縣(xian)分布最(zui)廣的(de)(de)是巖(yan)(yan)(yan)溶地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao),由于溶蝕作(zuo)用,全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)分為六個(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小型地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)型:一(yi)是西(xi)北部(bu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)淺(qian)切(qie)割峰(feng)叢低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約315平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)19.29%。海(hai)(hai)拔以(yi)1000—1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)為主,1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)下河谷(gu)有(you)25平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),1400米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上山(shan)(shan)地(di)有(you)13平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),合計(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)12.06%。二是東北部(bu)淺(qian)切(qie)割緩丘(qiu)高原(yuan)區(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約 200平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)12.06%,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),海(hai)(hai)拔在(zai)1400米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上地(di)區(qu)(qu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分布于東部(bu),寬而連片(pian),達(da)(da)60平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li)以(yi)上,成為本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)主體(ti)。三是東部(bu)夾層巖(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)切(qie)割低(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji) 250平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)15.31%。海(hai)(hai)拔 1400米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上地(di)區(qu)(qu)有(you)60平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li)左右(you),1700米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上的(de)(de)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)多處分布,成為全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)最(zui)高峻的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)。四是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)、西(xi)南部(bu)河谷(gu)沖(chong)積(ji)槽(cao)谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)達(da)(da)430平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)26.33%,海(hai)(hai)拔以(yi)1000—1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)為主。五是西(xi)部(bu)峰(feng)叢淺(qian)切(qie)割低(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約88平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)5.39%,為本(ben)(ben)縣(xian)最(zui)小的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)類(lei)型區(qu)(qu),海(hai)(hai)拔以(yi)1200—1400米(mi)(mi)(mi)為主。六是南部(bu)砂(sha)頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)切(qie)割低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約為350平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)21.43%,海(hai)(hai)拔以(yi)1000—1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)為主,1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)下深(shen)切(qie)河谷(gu)為 58平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li)。土(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型主要為黃壤、水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu),成土(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)為黃灰色頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),砂(sha)礫質(zhi)壤土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou),一(yi)般達(da)(da)80cm,PH4.5—6.0,土(tu)(tu)壤有(you)機質(zhi)、氮(dan)、磷、鉀含(han)量比較豐富。有(you)機質(zhi)達(da)(da)5.63%—18.87%,含(han)氮(dan)0.3306%—0.8703%,速效磷1.75—4.5mg/千克,速效鉀121.50—180.00mg/千克。總(zong)體(ti)上土(tu)(tu)壤深(shen)厚(hou)、疏(shu)松肥(fei)沃(wo),保(bao)肥(fei)能力較強。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:本(ben)縣(xian)河(he)流(liu)屬(shu)(shu)兩大(da)流(liu)域三(san)個水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),以(yi)縣(xian)內的(de)(de)(de)云(yun)霧(wu)山為(wei)分(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺,以(yi)北為(wei)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域,以(yi)南為(wei)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域。屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1229.8平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),其中屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)烏江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1179平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)沅(yuan)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei) 50.8平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),分(fen)(fen)別占全縣(xian)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)72.28%和(he)3.12%;屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域紅水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)401.2平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),占全縣(xian)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)24.6%。全縣(xian)有中、小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)144條,總長(chang)(chang)728.4公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。河(he)網密度平(ping)均每(mei)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)0.446公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。縣(xian)內河(he)流(liu)長(chang)(chang)度10公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)以(yi)上、集雨面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)20平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)有24條,總長(chang)(chang)為(wei)419.1公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),占河(he)流(liu)總長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)57.54%。地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui):縣(xian)境內地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)較豐富,估(gu)算全縣(xian)年產(chan)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)共(gong)0.89億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米。全縣(xian)年總水(shui)(shui)(shui)量達(da)(da)19.15億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米。縣(xian)境內無(wu)污(wu)染型工業(ye)企(qi)業(ye),小(xiao)型企(qi)業(ye)污(wu)染物做到了達(da)(da)標排放,因而(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)質量狀況穩定。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)是貴(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)精靈、是貴(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)氣質,是在(zai)完好的(de)(de)(de)植被狀況下(xia)經(jing)過(guo)無(wu)數植物和(he)地(di)(di)墁浸透和(he)過(guo)濾出來的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)礦泉水(shui)(shui)(shui),非常適(shi)合(he)人、畜引用(yong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清澈、純凈。是理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)工農業(ye)生產(chan)和(he)生活用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和(he)、雨(yu)量充沛,是典型的(de)亞熱帶(dai)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),年均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)15℃。光能資(zi)源:年日(ri)照(zhao)數在(zai)677.4一1067.6小時,日(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)為15—24%。降水量:年降雨(yu)量多在(zai)1100—1200毫米之(zhi)間(jian)。季(ji)節的(de)分布是,春季(ji)占(zhan)30.8%,夏季(ji)占(zhan)42.4%,秋(qiu)季(ji)占(zhan)21.22%,冬季(ji)占(zhan)5.6%。年均(jun)相對(dui)濕度(du)80%,無霜期300—340天,基本無霜凍(dong)危害。生物資(zi)源種類較(jiao)多,獨特的(de)寡日(ri)照(zhao)和(he)多霧(wu)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)資(zi)源非常適合(he)于(yu)貴(gui)定云霧(wu)貢茶的(de)種植。
(4)人文歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)情況:貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)于貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)縣(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鎮云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(見附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)3),云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)省(sheng)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)縣(xian)南,為(wei)(wei)(wei)苗(miao)嶺山(shan)(shan)脈主峰(feng),海(hai)拔1583.6m,是烏、沅、盤三(san)(san)江(jiang)分水嶺,山(shan)(shan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)危峰(feng)峭壁、云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)彌漫,故(gu)(gu)名云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)村名為(wei)(wei)(wei)鳥王村,鳥王村由(you)十八個山(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)聚居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)族(zu)(海(hai)葩苗(miao))組成(cheng),他(ta)們世(shi)世(shi)代(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)生(sheng)息在(zai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),并茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)創制(zhi)出云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(見附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)3)。 《康熙貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)通志(zhi)》記載(zai):“黔省(sheng)各屬(shu)皆產(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)最(zui)有(you)(you)(you)名。”“隋置(zhi)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)化縣(xian)于大平(ping)伐(fa)司……唐貞(zhen)觀(guan)間移故(gu)(gu)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)化縣(xian)”“長(chang)(chang)官司土(tu)(tu)(tu)官來朝(chao)(chao),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及方(fang)(fang)物(wu)(wu)”。指隋朝(chao)(chao)開皇元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)581年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上最(zui)早建(jian)賓(bin)(bin)(bin)化縣(xian)(賓(bin)(bin)(bin)化訛為(wei)(wei)(wei)平(ping)伐(fa)有(you)(you)(you)注釋)土(tu)(tu)(tu)官向(xiang)皇帝“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)物(wu)(wu)”指地(di)方(fang)(fang)特產(chan)物(wu)(wu)品即(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。 在(zai)史(shi)(shi)書記載(zai)中(zhong)(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上向(xiang)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)皇帝進(jin)獻貢(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)物(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)很多(duo)(duo)(duo)。到(dao)明朝(chao)(chao)就更多(duo)(duo)(duo)而詳(xiang)細:《明實(shi)錄太(tai)祖洪武實(shi)錄》146、230卷中(zhong)(zhong)記載(zai):“洪武十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)六(liu)月辛卯(1382年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))新添、大平(ping)伐(fa)、小(xiao)平(ping)伐(fa)土(tu)(tu)(tu)酋俱(ju)來朝(chao)(chao)……詔(zhao)賜文綺帛各五(wu)匹,鈔二十錠。”“土(tu)(tu)(tu)官盧朝(chao)(chao)奉來朝(chao)(chao),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及方(fang)(fang)物(wu)(wu)。”僅在(zai)《明實(shi)錄》所(suo)(suo)記載(zai)其(qi)276年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及方(fang)(fang)物(wu)(wu)”就有(you)(you)(you)27處(chu)記載(zai)。《乾隆貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)通志(zhi)》、《續遵(zun)義府志(zhi)》又記載(zai):“云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)茗品之(zhi)(zhi)冠,歲以(yi)充貢(gong)(gong)(gong)”即(ji)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)都要進(jin)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)給朝(chao)(chao)廷。而每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)給皇家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)數(shu)(shu)量與折銀數(shu)(shu)量都記得清(qing)楚:“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽伍拾叁斤壹拾壹兩陸(lu)錢(qian)伍厘。” 清(qing)乾隆五(wu)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))以(yi)官府批文而刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碑》,碑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定(ding)(ding)數(shu)(shu)舉茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)斛及其(qi)余(yu)所(suo)(suo)派之(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),準(zhun)行停止,以(yi)免(mian)采辦(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)累;撥銀肆百貳(er)兩,收后(hou)(hou)發交(jiao)殷實(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)戶生(sheng)復。再(zai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)購(gou)辦(ban)該(gai)處(chu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。”碑文中(zhong)(zhong)兩處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”二字(zi)是歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)實(shi)物(wu)(wu)見證(zheng)(見附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)4)。清(qing)光緒(xu)三(san)(san)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、三(san)(san)十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904—1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)巡撫林紹年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)朝(chao)(chao)廷貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha):“貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)縣(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽,貢(gong)(gong)(gong)皇上一(yi)(yi)匣(xia),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)老(lao)佛(fo)爺一(yi)(yi)匣(xia)。”這段文字(zi)抄(chao)自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)第一(yi)(yi)檔案(an)館藏(zang)《清(qing)宮(gong)秘檔》(見附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)5)。 1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),有(you)(you)(you)關人士將(jiang)明代(dai)(dai)高僧,陽寶山(shan)(shan)白(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)長(chang)(chang)老(lao)“采自(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)巔”,而培育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)請(qing)國(guo)際名人、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)教協會會長(chang)(chang)趙(zhao)樸初品嘗后(hou)(hou),趙(zhao)老(lao)覺(jue)得“其(qi)味清(qing)香味永”而問此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)來歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),當他(ta)得知傳說有(you)(you)(you)古代(dai)(dai)高僧靈藥禪(chan)師得此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)沏泡,“揭(jie)蓋時熱氣(qi)上升幻化為(wei)(wei)(wei)佛(fo)像而拜之(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)事后(hou)(hou),親筆題寫(xie)“佛(fo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”兩大字(zi)(見附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)6)。 同屬(shu)苗(miao)嶺山(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斗蓬山(shan)(shan),是黔南原生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)區,在(zai)山(shan)(shan)腰海(hai)拔1400-1600米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)、丫口寨(zhai)附(fu)(fu)(fu)近,至(zhi)今仍(reng)(reng)保(bao)留(liu)有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)(duo)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(附(fu)(fu)(fu)件(jian)7),直(zhi)徑最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)48cm,最(zui)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)19.5cm。,有(you)(you)(you)上千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、也有(you)(you)(you)600多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu),曾(ceng)經采摘到(dao)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)省(sheng)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)科所(suo)(suo)化驗(yan),實(shi)屬(shu)野生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)。除此之(zhi)(zhi)外,貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)8座(zuo)大山(shan)(shan)名叫(jiao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan),仍(reng)(reng)有(you)(you)(you)400多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人工栽(zai)培的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)遺(yi)存,這一(yi)(yi)實(shi)物(wu)(wu)佐(zuo)證(zheng)了貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉生(sheng)產(chan)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)。
三.地域范圍
貴定(ding)(ding)云霧(wu)(wu)貢茶(cha)分布于貴定(ding)(ding)縣所轄行政區內的二十個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),貴定(ding)(ding)縣位于貴州(zhou)省(sheng)中部(bu)。地理坐標為地處東經(jing)106°59′-107°22′,北緯(wei)26°05′-26°47′,包括(kuo):云霧(wu)(wu)鎮(zhen)、鐵廠鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、抱管(guan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、昌明鎮(zhen)、猴場堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、巖下鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、鞏固鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、都六鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、定(ding)(ding)南(nan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、舊治鎮(zhen)、沿山鎮(zhen)、盤江鎮(zhen)、城(cheng)關(guan)鎮(zhen)、定(ding)(ding)東鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、德新(xin)鎮(zhen)、新(xin)鋪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)巴鎮(zhen)、落(luo)北河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馬(ma)場河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),云霧(wu)(wu)貢茶(cha)生(sheng)產面積共3000公頃,年(nian)總產量1800噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
(1)外在感官特征:芽葉肥大(da)壯實,葉色翠綠(lv),茸毛特多(duo),芽形秀(xiu)麗,內(nei)含(han)物質豐富。條索緊卷變曲,白毫充分(fen)顯露,外形美觀,形若魚鉤;茶(cha)湯(tang)濃(nong)釅,湯(tang)色碧綠(lv);滋味醇厚,香氣濃(nong)烈,具有獨特濃(nong)厚的蜂蜜香,飲后回味無窮。
(2)內在品質(zhi)指標:貴定(ding)云霧(wu)(wu)茶以內質(zhi)特征著稱,傳(chuan)統云霧(wu)(wu)茶據(ju)專家測定(ding)氨(an)基(ji)酸每毫(hao)克總量(一芽(ya)二(er)葉)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1916.81%,茶多(duo)(duo)酚占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)33.81%,咖啡堿占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.89%,兒茶素(su)每毫(hao)克總量占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)125.21mg/%,水浸出(chu)物(wu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)41.69%。云霧(wu)(wu)茶沖泡后(hou)有(you)蘭花香(xiang)味(wei)、栗香(xiang)味(wei)、蜂蜜(mi)香(xiang)味(wei),有(you)“一杯(bei)(bei)(bei)香(xiang)、二(er)杯(bei)(bei)(bei)濃、三杯(bei)(bei)(bei)甘又醇、四杯(bei)(bei)(bei)、五(wu)杯(bei)(bei)(bei)韻猶存的特點(dian)。飲用(yong)貴定(ding)云霧(wu)(wu)茶,不僅能(neng)生津止(zhi)渴、退(tui)熱(re)解暑、醒腦提神、消炎殺菌,而且(qie)有(you)降脂降壓、防癌抗輻射及保(bao)持美容、抗衰老等(deng)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)功效。
(3)貴(gui)定云(yun)霧(wu)貢(gong)茶種(zhong)植生(sheng)產嚴格按無公(gong)害農產品生(sheng)產規范和(he)標(biao)準(zhun)生(sheng)產。產品安全(quan)質量應符合(he)DB52/T547—2008《貴(gui)定云(yun)霧(wu)貢(gong)茶地(di)方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)》。
五(wu).特定生產方式(shi)
重(zhong)點選擇茶園(yuan)及其周(zhou)圍不(bu)得有(you)(you)大氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)染源,特(te)別(bie)是上風口不(bu)得有(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)染源,如(ru)化工廠,水泥(ni)廠等。大氣(qi)中(zhong)二氧化硫、氮氧化合(he)物、總懸浮微粒(li)、氟的濃度(du)必須在標準(zhun)限值內。 對(dui)水的要(yao)(yao)求須滿足生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)用水的需要(yao)(yao),茶園(yuan)灌溉用水不(bu)能含有(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)染物,特(te)別(bie)是重(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)和有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害物質,例如(ru)汞、鉛、鉻、鎘、酚(fen)、苯、氰(qing)等。 對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)要(yao)(yao)求茶園(yuan)位于(yu)土(tu)壤(rang)元素背景(jing)值正常區域,茶園(yuan)及其周(zhou)圍沒(mei)有(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)或非金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)礦山,并未受到人為污(wu)(wu)染,土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)無農藥(yao)殘留,同(tong)時選擇土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質含量較高的地(di)區作為綠色食品茶葉產(chan)(chan)地(di)。 產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境應符合(he)NY/T391綠色食品產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境技術條(tiao)件
(2)品(pin)種(zhong)選擇 云霧地(di)方茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)做母本源培育(yu);(采(cai)取“集中育(yu)苗(miao),按群(qun)建(jian)系,統一茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)供應,分場(戶)生(sheng)產經營”的方法。選擇品(pin)系純正、植株健(jian)壯的本地(di)云霧茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)進行(xing)推廣(guang)生(sheng)產。
(3)生產過(guo)程管理(li)
3.1茶樹種(zhong)植(zhi) 扦(qian)插前將苗床(chuang)(廂面)充分澆透水(shui),經2—3小時水(shui)分下滲(shen)后,土壤呈(cheng)“濕而不粘”的(de)松軟狀(zhuang)態,即(ji)可扦(qian)插。這樣即(ji)防止因(yin)土壤過干造(zao)成扦(qian)插過種(zhong)中損傷插穗,又(you)使插穗下端與(yu)泥土緊密接觸,有利于吸收水(shui)分。
3.2插穗(sui)葉(xie)片(pian)朝(chao)向(xiang)一(yi)致,一(yi)般按常年最(zui)多(duo)的風向(xiang)順(shun)風排列,這樣可以避(bi)免插穗(sui)被風吹動。
3.3扦插(cha)(cha)時,先按(an)行距要求劃(hua)好行線,然后沿行線,按(an)株距將插(cha)(cha)穗垂直或稍(shao)斜插(cha)(cha)入土(tu)中,深(shen)度以(yi)葉(xie)柄與廂面平齊(qi)為(wei)好。邊插(cha)(cha)邊用(yong)手稍(shao)用(yong)力提不起為(wei)宜(yi),使(shi)插(cha)(cha)穗與土(tu)壤緊密接(jie)觸。
3.4插完一定的面(mian)積后立即澆水,并(bing)用遮陽物覆蓋(gai)。如果在高溫烈日下扦插,需要邊插邊澆水、達(da)遮陽,以防灼傷。
3.5茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)施肥 幼齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)施肥量(liang)。氮磷鉀(jia)肥年用量(liang)按3:1:1。一二齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)畝(mu)施純氮量(liang)3—5公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。三(san)四齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)畝(mu)施純氮量(liang)4—6公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。五(wu)六齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)畝(mu)施純氮量(liang)6—9公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。成齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)施肥 施肥量(liang)以產定肥,一般每(mei)采摘100公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)鮮葉施入純氮4—5公斤(jin)(jin)(jin),過磷酸鈣或鈣鎂磷肥7—8公斤(jin)(jin)(jin),硫酸鉀(jia)2—2.5公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。基肥每(mei)畝(mu)農家肥1—2噸(dun),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)專用復合肥或磷鉀(jia)肥50—60公斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。
(4)土壤管理
4.1中耕(geng)鋤草(cao)(cao)。幼齡(ling)茶園,視其茶園雜草(cao)(cao)生長(chang)情況(kuang),宜(yi)淺(qian)耕(geng),最好是采用徒手拔草(cao)(cao)或者鏟鋤鏟草(cao)(cao)的方法,深耕(geng)易傷(shang)根,影響茶苗生長(chang)。成齡(ling)茶園視雜草(cao)(cao)生產(chan)情況(kuang),每年進(jin)(jin)行3次(ci)-4次(ci)淺(qian)中耕(geng),深度為(wei)(wei)5厘(li)米(mi)-10厘(li)米(mi),在秋茶封園后,及早(zao)進(jin)(jin)行一次(ci)深耕(geng),深度為(wei)(wei)15厘(li)米(mi)-20厘(li)米(mi)。
4.2間種作物(wu)(wu)(wu)。幼齡茶(cha)園頭(tou)兩年可(ke)在行(xing)間中央(yang)間作1行(xing)-2行(xing)綠(lv)肥(fei)作物(wu)(wu)(wu)或其它適宜(yi)的(de)矮稈、短蔓作物(wu)(wu)(wu),如黃豆(dou)(dou)、綠(lv)豆(dou)(dou)、蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)、花生、白菜(cai)等。
4.3茶園(yuan)覆(fu)蓋。幼(you)齡(ling)茶園(yuan)樹(shu)封(feng)行后,行間可用山草或(huo)作物秸稈覆(fu)蓋,每1畝鋪(pu)干草重1噸(dun)左右,實施(shi)茶園(yuan)免(少)耕(geng)。
(5)水分管理
5.1蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)。雨季注意給水(shui)(shui)池蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui),供早期使(shi)用。搞好(hao)茶園耕(geng)鋤、覆蓋和 幼(you)齡茶園的作物(wu)間種,增強土壤(rang)涵(han)養水(shui)(shui)分(fen)的能力(li)。
5.2灌(guan)溉。幼齡茶園(yuan)在夏秋(qiu)干旱(han)持(chi)續5天-7天時(shi)(shi)就進(jin)行(xing)一次(ci)灌(guan)溉。產(chan)(chan)量較高的(de)茶園(yuan)夏秋(qiu)干旱(han)持(chi)續5天-7天時(shi)(shi)應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)一次(ci)灌(guan)溉。產(chan)(chan)量較高的(de)茶園(yuan)夏秋(qiu)干旱(han)時(shi)(shi)也應(ying)當進(jin)行(xing)灌(guan)溉,以噴灌(guan)最(zui)佳,無噴灌(guan)條件時(shi)(shi),可(ke)進(jin)行(xing)溝灌(guan)。
(6)茶樹修剪
6.1幼齡茶樹(shu)的(de)修剪(jian)。第1次(ci)(ci)修剪(jian)距地面20厘(li)米剪(jian)去(qu)茶苗主枝上部。第2次(ci)(ci)距地面30—35厘(li)米施剪(jian)。第3次(ci)(ci)距地面45厘(li)米施剪(jian)。
6.2成(cheng)齡(ling)茶樹修(xiu)剪。投(tou)采后的茶樹每(mei)年(nian)或隔年(nian)進行輕修(xiu)剪,每(mei)次(ci)將樹冠面(mian)剪低3—5厘米,投(tou)采5—6年(nian)進行一次(ci)深修(xiu)剪,將采摘冠面(mian)剪低15—20厘米。
6.3衰老茶樹(shu)更新(xin)修剪(jian)。距地面30—50厘米剪(jian)去樹(shu)冠上部。
(7)病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi) 加強茶園培管,增強樹體抗病(bing)蟲(chong)能力,結合(he)采茶、修(xiu)剪、耕鋤,清(qing)除或深埋(mai)結繭(jian)蟲(chong)蛹(yong)(苞),或于危(wei)害初期(qi)及時(shi)摘(剪)除害蟲(chong)卵塊(kuai)、護囊與群集蟲(chong)葉(xie)(枝),點燈誘(you)蛾及利用(yong)性激(ji)素(su)誘(you)殺(sha)雄蛾,應盡量少(shao)(shao)用(yong)或不用(yong)化學農藥,選(xuan)擇高(gao)效低(di)毒農藥,以減少(shao)(shao)有毒物質的(de)殘存量,使茶葉(xie)的(de)品(pin)質少(shao)(shao)受(shou)影響。
(8)加工。按《貴定(ding)云(yun)霧(wu)貢(gong)茶地方標準(zhun)》(DB52/547—2008)執行
(9)生產記錄(lu)(lu)。根(gen)據(ju)農(nong)業部有關檔案管(guan)理辦法規定,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)場及一般種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶都應(ying)當建(jian)立養(yang)殖檔案,載明以下內容:品種(zhong)(zhong)、面積、種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)記錄(lu)(lu)、標識情況、;投入(ru)品和農(nong)藥(yao)的來源、名稱、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)對象、時間和用(yong)(yong)量(liang)等有關情況;檢疫(yi)、病(bing)蟲害防治(zhi)情況。資(zi)料應(ying)盡可(ke)能(neng)長期保存(cun),最(zui)少保留2年。
六.包裝標識相關規定(ding)
(1)分級:分為特(te)級、一級和二級三個等級。
(2)包裝:包裝容器(qi)和(he)包裝材料按SB/T10035的(de)規定(ding)。直接接觸(chu)茶葉的(de)紙質包裝材料按GB11680規定(ding),用500g/包。
(3)標(biao)識(shi):產(chan)品(pin)應(ying)(ying)有明(ming)確(que)標(biao)簽,內容包(bao)括:產(chan)品(pin)名稱、產(chan)品(pin)的執行標(biao)準(zhun)、生(sheng)產(chan)者及(ji)詳細(xi)地(di)址、產(chan)地(di)、凈含量和(he)包(bao)裝(zhuang)日期(qi)等,要(yao)求字跡清晰、完整(zheng)、準(zhun)確(que)。標(biao)志(zhi)使用人(ren)應(ying)(ying)在其產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)其包(bao)裝(zhuang)上統一使用農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)(貴定云霧貢茶(cha)名稱和(he)公共標(biao)識(shi)圖案組合(he)標(biao)注型式)。
(4)運(yun)(yun)輸:裝(zhuang)運(yun)(yun)倉應(ying)清潔、衛生、無異味(wei)。運(yun)(yun)輸時(shi)應(ying)快裝(zhuang)、快運(yun)(yun)、快卸,嚴(yan)(yan)禁日(ri)曬雨淋(lin),裝(zhuang)卸、搬運(yun)(yun)時(shi)要輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,嚴(yan)(yan)禁亂丟亂扔,嚴(yan)(yan)禁與有(you)毒有(you)害物質(zhi)接觸。運(yun)(yun)輸必須符合SB/T10037。 (5)貯藏:按SB/T10095。的規定執行。