一.產品介紹
貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產于貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)鎮(zhen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)在貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)(sheng)貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan),為(wei)(wei)苗嶺山(shan)(shan)脈主峰,海(hai)拔1583.6m,是(shi)烏(wu)、沅、盤三江分(fen)水嶺,山(shan)(shan)多(duo)(duo)危峰峭壁、云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)彌漫,故(gu)(gu)名云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)。《康熙貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)通志》記(ji)(ji)載:“黔(qian)省(sheng)(sheng)各屬(shu)皆產茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)最有(you)(you)(you)(you)名。”“隋置賓化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)于大(da)平伐司……唐貞觀間移故(gu)(gu)賓化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”“長(chang)官(guan)司土官(guan)來朝(chao),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及(ji)方(fang)物(wu)(wu)”。在史(shi)(shi)書記(ji)(ji)載中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上向歷(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)皇帝進(jin)(jin)獻貢(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)物(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載很多(duo)(duo)。到(dao)明朝(chao)就(jiu)更多(duo)(duo)而詳細:《明實(shi)(shi)錄太祖洪(hong)武實(shi)(shi)錄》146、230卷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)(ji)載:“洪(hong)武十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)六(liu)月辛卯(1382年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))新添、大(da)平伐、小平伐土酋俱來朝(chao)……詔賜文綺帛(bo)各五匹,鈔(chao)二十(shi)錠(ding)。”“土官(guan)盧朝(chao)奉來朝(chao),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及(ji)方(fang)物(wu)(wu)。”僅在《明實(shi)(shi)錄》所記(ji)(ji)載其(qi)276年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上的(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及(ji)方(fang)物(wu)(wu)”就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)27處記(ji)(ji)載。《乾隆貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)通志》、《續遵義府(fu)志》又記(ji)(ji)載:“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)茗品(pin)之(zhi)冠(guan),歲以(yi)充(chong)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)”即每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)都(dou)要進(jin)(jin)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)給朝(chao)廷(ting)。而每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)給皇家的(de)(de)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)數(shu)量與折銀數(shu)量都(dou)記(ji)(ji)得(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)楚:“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽伍拾(shi)叁斤壹拾(shi)壹兩(liang)陸(lu)錢伍厘。” 清(qing)(qing)乾隆五十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))以(yi)官(guan)府(fu)批文而刻(ke)的(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碑(bei)》,碑(bei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定(ding)(ding)數(shu)舉(ju)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)斛(hu)及(ji)其(qi)余所派之(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),準行(xing)停止(zhi),以(yi)免采(cai)辦(ban)之(zhi)累;撥銀肆百貳兩(liang),收后(hou)發交殷實(shi)(shi)之(zhi)戶生復。再(zai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)購(gou)辦(ban)該處貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。”碑(bei)文中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩(liang)處有(you)(you)(you)(you)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”二字是(shi)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)見證(zheng)。清(qing)(qing)光緒三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、三十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904—1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)巡(xun)撫林紹年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向朝(chao)廷(ting)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha):“貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)芽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)皇上一匣,貢(gong)(gong)(gong)老(lao)佛爺一匣。”這段文字抄自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)第一檔(dang)案館(guan)藏《清(qing)(qing)宮秘檔(dang)》。 1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)關人(ren)(ren)士將明代(dai)(dai)高(gao)僧(seng),陽寶(bao)山(shan)(shan)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)長(chang)老(lao)“采(cai)自(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)之(zhi)巔”,而培(pei)育的(de)(de)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)請國(guo)際(ji)名人(ren)(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛教協會(hui)會(hui)長(chang)趙樸初品(pin)嘗后(hou),趙老(lao)覺得(de)(de)“其(qi)味清(qing)(qing)香味永(yong)”而問此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)來歷(li)(li),當他得(de)(de)知傳(chuan)說有(you)(you)(you)(you)古代(dai)(dai)高(gao)僧(seng)靈藥禪師得(de)(de)此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)沏泡(pao),“揭蓋時(shi)熱氣上升幻化(hua)為(wei)(wei)佛像而拜之(zhi)”的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)事后(hou),親筆題寫“佛茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”兩(liang)大(da)字。 同屬(shu)苗嶺山(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)斗蓬山(shan)(shan),是(shi)黔(qian)南(nan)原生態環境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區,在山(shan)(shan)腰海(hai)拔1400-1600米的(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)境內茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)寨、丫口寨附近,至今仍保(bao)(bao)留有(you)(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,直(zhi)徑(jing)最大(da)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)48cm,最小的(de)(de)19.5cm。有(you)(you)(you)(you)上千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)、也有(you)(you)(you)(you)600多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生長(chang)的(de)(de)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,曾經采(cai)摘(zhai)到(dao)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)(sheng)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)科所化(hua)驗,實(shi)(shi)屬(shu)野生的(de)(de)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹。除此之(zhi)外,貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內有(you)(you)(you)(you)8座大(da)山(shan)(shan)名叫茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan),仍有(you)(you)(you)(you)400多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)工栽培(pei)的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹遺存,這一實(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)佐(zuo)證(zheng)了貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉生產歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)。
二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌:貴定(ding)縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)布最廣的(de)是(shi)巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)地貌,由于溶(rong)蝕作(zuo)用,全(quan)縣(xian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小型(xing)(xing)地貌類型(xing)(xing):一(yi)是(shi)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)部、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部淺(qian)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)割峰叢(cong)低(di)山丘(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)315平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)19.29%。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)以(yi)1000—1200米為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),1000米以(yi)下(xia)河(he)谷(gu)有(you)(you)25平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),1400米以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)山地有(you)(you)13平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),合計占本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)12.06%。二是(shi)東(dong)北(bei)部淺(qian)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)割緩丘(qiu)高原區(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue) 200平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)12.06%,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)在1400米以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布于東(dong)部,寬(kuan)而連片,達(da)60平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),成為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地貌主(zhu)體(ti)。三是(shi)東(dong)部夾層巖(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)割低(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 250平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)15.31%。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba) 1400米以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)60平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)左右(you),1700米以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山在本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)多處分(fen)(fen)布,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)最高峻的(de)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)。四是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部、西(xi)(xi)南部河(he)谷(gu)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)槽(cao)谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)430平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)26.33%,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)以(yi)1000—1200米為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。五是(shi)西(xi)(xi)部峰叢(cong)淺(qian)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)割低(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)88平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)5.39%,為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)縣(xian)最小的(de)一(yi)個地貌類型(xing)(xing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)以(yi)1200—1400米為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。六(liu)是(shi)南部砂頁巖(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)割低(di)山丘(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)350平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)21.43%,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)以(yi)1000—1200米為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),1000米以(yi)下(xia)深切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)河(he)谷(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 58平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃壤(rang)(rang)、水稻土(tu),成土(tu)母質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃灰色(se)頁巖(yan)(yan),砂礫質(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu),土(tu)層深厚(hou)(hou),一(yi)般達(da)80cm,PH4.5—6.0,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)、氮(dan)、磷、鉀(jia)含(han)量(liang)比較(jiao)豐富。有(you)(you)機質(zhi)達(da)5.63%—18.87%,含(han)氮(dan)0.3306%—0.8703%,速(su)效磷1.75—4.5mg/千(qian)克(ke)(ke),速(su)效鉀(jia)121.50—180.00mg/千(qian)克(ke)(ke)。總(zong)體(ti)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)深厚(hou)(hou)、疏(shu)松肥沃(wo),保肥能力(li)較(jiao)強(qiang)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang):本縣(xian)河(he)(he)流(liu)屬(shu)兩大流(liu)域三個水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi),以(yi)縣(xian)內(nei)的(de)云霧(wu)山為(wei)分水(shui)(shui)嶺,以(yi)北(bei)為(wei)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域,以(yi)南為(wei)珠江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域。屬(shu)于(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域的(de)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1229.8平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,其中屬(shu)于(yu)烏江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1179平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,屬(shu)于(yu)沅(yuan)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei) 50.8平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,分別(bie)占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)72.28%和(he)3.12%;屬(shu)于(yu)珠江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域紅水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)401.2平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)24.6%。全(quan)縣(xian)有(you)中、小河(he)(he)流(liu)144條,總長(chang)728.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。河(he)(he)網密度平均每平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里0.446公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。縣(xian)內(nei)河(he)(he)流(liu)長(chang)度10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里以(yi)上、集雨面(mian)積(ji)20平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里以(yi)上的(de)有(you)24條,總長(chang)為(wei)419.1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,占(zhan)河(he)(he)流(liu)總長(chang)的(de)57.54%。地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui):縣(xian)境內(nei)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)較豐(feng)富(fu),估算全(quan)縣(xian)年產地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)共0.89億立(li)方(fang)米。全(quan)縣(xian)年總水(shui)(shui)量達19.15億立(li)方(fang)米。縣(xian)境內(nei)無(wu)污染型工業(ye)企(qi)業(ye),小型企(qi)業(ye)污染物(wu)做到了達標排放,因而水(shui)(shui)體質量狀況(kuang)(kuang)穩定。 水(shui)(shui)是貴定的(de)精靈(ling)、是貴定的(de)氣(qi)質,是在完好的(de)植(zhi)被狀況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)經過無(wu)數(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)和(he)地(di)(di)墁浸透和(he)過濾出來的(de)天然(ran)礦泉水(shui)(shui),非常適合人、畜引用。水(shui)(shui)質清(qing)澈、純凈。是理想的(de)工農業(ye)生產和(he)生活用水(shui)(shui),
(3)氣(qi)候情(qing)況:氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和、雨量(liang)(liang)充沛,是典型的亞熱(re)帶氣(qi)候,年均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)15℃。光能(neng)資源(yuan):年日(ri)照數(shu)在677.4一1067.6小時,日(ri)照率為15—24%。降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang):年降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)多(duo)(duo)在1100—1200毫米之間。季(ji)節的分布是,春季(ji)占(zhan)30.8%,夏(xia)季(ji)占(zhan)42.4%,秋季(ji)占(zhan)21.22%,冬季(ji)占(zhan)5.6%。年均(jun)相對濕度(du)80%,無霜期300—340天(tian),基本無霜凍(dong)危害。生物(wu)資源(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)類較多(duo)(duo),獨特的寡日(ri)照和多(duo)(duo)霧氣(qi)候資源(yuan)非常適合于貴定云霧貢茶的種(zhong)(zhong)植。
(4)人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)情況:貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產于貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定縣(xian)(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鎮云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)3),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州省貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定縣(xian)(xian)南(nan),為(wei)(wei)苗嶺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈主峰,海拔(ba)1583.6m,是烏、沅、盤三(san)江(jiang)分水嶺,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多危峰峭壁(bi)、云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)彌漫,故(gu)名云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)有(you)一村(cun)名為(wei)(wei)鳥王村(cun),鳥王村(cun)由十(shi)(shi)八個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨聚居的(de)(de)(de)(de)苗族(海葩苗)組成,他們世世代(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)生息在(zai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),并(bing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)創制出云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)3)。 《康熙貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州通志》記(ji)載:“黔省各屬皆(jie)產茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)名。”“隋置賓化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)于大(da)(da)平(ping)伐(fa)司(si)……唐貞觀間移故(gu)賓化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)”“長(chang)官(guan)(guan)司(si)土(tu)官(guan)(guan)來(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),貢(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及(ji)方物”。指(zhi)隋朝(chao)(chao)(chao)開皇(huang)(huang)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元581年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上最(zui)(zui)(zui)早建賓化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(賓化(hua)訛為(wei)(wei)平(ping)伐(fa)有(you)注釋)土(tu)官(guan)(guan)向(xiang)皇(huang)(huang)帝“貢(gong)(gong)方物”指(zhi)地方特產物品(pin)(pin)(pin)即云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。 在(zai)史(shi)(shi)書記(ji)載中(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上向(xiang)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)皇(huang)(huang)帝進(jin)獻貢(gong)(gong)馬(ma)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)方物”的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載很多。到明朝(chao)(chao)(chao)就更(geng)多而詳細:《明實(shi)錄太祖洪武實(shi)錄》146、230卷中(zhong)記(ji)載:“洪武十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)六月辛卯(1382年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))新添、大(da)(da)平(ping)伐(fa)、小平(ping)伐(fa)土(tu)酋俱來(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)……詔賜文(wen)綺帛(bo)各五匹,鈔(chao)二十(shi)(shi)錠。”“土(tu)官(guan)(guan)盧朝(chao)(chao)(chao)奉(feng)來(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),貢(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及(ji)方物。”僅在(zai)《明實(shi)錄》所(suo)記(ji)載其(qi)276年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)中(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)馬(ma)及(ji)方物”就有(you)27處(chu)記(ji)載。《乾隆貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州通志》、《續(xu)遵(zun)義府(fu)志》又記(ji)載:“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)(wei)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州茗品(pin)(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan),歲以充貢(gong)(gong)”即每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)都要(yao)進(jin)貢(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)。而每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)給(gei)(gei)皇(huang)(huang)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)數(shu)量與折銀數(shu)量都記(ji)得(de)清楚:“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽伍拾叁(san)斤壹拾壹兩(liang)(liang)(liang)陸錢伍厘。” 清乾隆五十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))以官(guan)(guan)府(fu)批(pi)文(wen)而刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碑(bei)》,碑(bei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定數(shu)舉茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)斛(hu)及(ji)其(qi)余所(suo)派(pai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),準行停止,以免采辦(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)累;撥銀肆百(bai)貳兩(liang)(liang)(liang),收(shou)后(hou)發交殷實(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶(hu)生復。再年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)購(gou)辦(ban)該處(chu)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。”碑(bei)文(wen)中(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)處(chu)有(you)“貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”二字是歷(li)史(shi)(shi)實(shi)物見(jian)(jian)證(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)4)。清光緒三(san)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、三(san)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1904—1905年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州巡撫林紹年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)向(xiang)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷(ting)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha):“貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定縣(xian)(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽,貢(gong)(gong)皇(huang)(huang)上一匣(xia),貢(gong)(gong)老(lao)(lao)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)爺一匣(xia)。”這(zhe)段(duan)文(wen)字抄自(zi)中(zhong)國第一檔案館藏《清宮秘檔》(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)5)。 1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),有(you)關人士將明代(dai)(dai)高僧,陽寶山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)長(chang)老(lao)(lao)“采自(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巔”,而培育的(de)(de)(de)(de)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)請國際名人、中(zhong)國佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教協會會長(chang)趙樸初品(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗后(hou),趙老(lao)(lao)覺得(de)“其(qi)味清香味永”而問(wen)此(ci)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)來(lai)歷(li),當他得(de)知傳說有(you)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)高僧靈藥(yao)禪師(shi)得(de)此(ci)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)沏泡(pao),“揭(jie)蓋(gai)時(shi)熱氣(qi)上升幻化(hua)為(wei)(wei)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)而拜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)事(shi)后(hou),親筆(bi)題寫(xie)“佛(fo)(fo)(fo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”兩(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)字(見(jian)(jian)附(fu)件(jian)6)。 同屬苗嶺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)斗蓬(peng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),是黔南(nan)原生態環境(jing)保(bao)護區(qu),在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)海拔(ba)1400-1600米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定境(jing)內茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨、丫口寨附(fu)近,至今仍(reng)保(bao)留有(you)許多古(gu)(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(附(fu)件(jian)7),直徑最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)48cm,最(zui)(zui)(zui)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)19.5cm。,有(you)上千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、也有(you)600多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,曾經采摘(zhai)到貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州省茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)科所(suo)化(hua)驗,實(shi)屬野生的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹。除此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內有(you)8座大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名叫茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),仍(reng)有(you)400多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人工栽培的(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹遺存,這(zhe)一實(shi)物佐(zuo)證了貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉生產歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。
三.地域范圍
貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)云(yun)霧貢茶分布于貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣所轄行政區內(nei)的二十個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),貴(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣位于貴(gui)(gui)州省中部。地理坐(zuo)標為地處東經106°59′-107°22′,北緯26°05′-26°47′,包括:云(yun)霧鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鐵廠鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、抱管鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、昌明鎮(zhen)(zhen)、猴場(chang)堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、巖下鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、鞏(gong)固鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、都(dou)六(liu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、定(ding)南鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、舊治鎮(zhen)(zhen)、沿山鎮(zhen)(zhen)、盤江鎮(zhen)(zhen)、城(cheng)關鎮(zhen)(zhen)、定(ding)東鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、德新鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新鋪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新巴鎮(zhen)(zhen)、落北河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、馬場(chang)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),云(yun)霧貢茶生產(chan)面積共3000公頃(qing),年總產(chan)量1800噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特(te)征:芽葉(xie)肥(fei)大(da)壯實(shi),葉(xie)色(se)翠綠,茸毛特(te)多,芽形(xing)秀(xiu)麗,內含物質豐富。條索緊卷(juan)變曲,白毫充分顯露,外形(xing)美觀,形(xing)若魚鉤;茶(cha)湯(tang)濃(nong)釅,湯(tang)色(se)碧綠;滋(zi)味(wei)醇厚,香氣濃(nong)烈,具有(you)獨特(te)濃(nong)厚的蜂蜜香,飲后回味(wei)無窮。
(2)內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:貴(gui)(gui)定云霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶以內質(zhi)特征著(zhu)稱,傳統云霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶據專家測(ce)定氨基酸(suan)每毫克總量(一芽二葉)占(zhan)(zhan)1916.81%,茶多酚占(zhan)(zhan)33.81%,咖啡堿占(zhan)(zhan)2.89%,兒茶素每毫克總量占(zhan)(zhan)125.21mg/%,水浸出物占(zhan)(zhan)41.69%。云霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶沖(chong)泡后有(you)蘭花香(xiang)味、栗香(xiang)味、蜂(feng)蜜香(xiang)味,有(you)“一杯(bei)香(xiang)、二杯(bei)濃(nong)、三杯(bei)甘又醇(chun)、四杯(bei)、五(wu)杯(bei)韻猶存的特點。飲用貴(gui)(gui)定云霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶,不僅(jin)能生(sheng)津止(zhi)渴、退熱解(jie)暑、醒腦提神、消炎(yan)殺菌,而且有(you)降脂降壓、防(fang)癌抗(kang)輻射及保持美容、抗(kang)衰(shuai)老等(deng)多種功效。
(3)貴定云霧貢(gong)茶(cha)種植生產(chan)嚴格按無公害農(nong)產(chan)品生產(chan)規范和標(biao)(biao)準生產(chan)。產(chan)品安全質量應符(fu)合DB52/T547—2008《貴定云霧貢(gong)茶(cha)地(di)方標(biao)(biao)準》。
五.特定(ding)生(sheng)產(chan)方式
重點(dian)選擇茶園及其周圍不得(de)有(you)大(da)氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源,特別是上風口不得(de)有(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源,如化工廠,水(shui)泥廠等。大(da)氣(qi)中二氧(yang)化硫、氮氧(yang)化合(he)物(wu)、總懸浮微粒、氟的(de)(de)濃度(du)必須在標準(zhun)限(xian)值內(nei)。 對水(shui)的(de)(de)要求須滿足生產(chan)過(guo)程中用水(shui)的(de)(de)需要,茶園灌溉用水(shui)不能含有(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu),特別是重金屬(shu)和有(you)毒有(you)害物(wu)質,例如汞、鉛、鉻(ge)、鎘(ge)、酚、苯、氰(qing)等。 對土壤要求茶園位于土壤元素(su)背景值正(zheng)常區域,茶園及其周圍沒有(you)金屬(shu)或非金屬(shu)礦山,并未受到人(ren)為污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran),土壤中無(wu)農藥殘留,同時選擇土壤有(you)機質含量較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)地(di)區作為綠色食(shi)品茶葉產(chan)地(di)。 產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境應符(fu)合(he)NY/T391綠色食(shi)品產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境技(ji)術條件(jian)
(2)品種選擇 云(yun)霧地方茶樹做(zuo)母本(ben)源(yuan)培育;(采取(qu)“集中育苗(miao),按群(qun)建系,統一茶苗(miao)供應,分(fen)場(戶)生產(chan)經(jing)營”的方法。選擇品系純正、植(zhi)株健壯的本(ben)地云(yun)霧茶苗(miao)進(jin)行推(tui)廣生產(chan)。
(3)生產過程管理
3.1茶樹種植(zhi) 扦插前將(jiang)苗床(廂面)充分(fen)澆(jiao)透水,經2—3小時水分(fen)下滲后,土(tu)壤(rang)呈“濕而不粘”的松軟狀態,即可扦插。這樣即防止因土(tu)壤(rang)過干(gan)造成扦插過種中損傷(shang)插穗(sui)(sui),又使插穗(sui)(sui)下端與泥(ni)土(tu)緊密(mi)接觸,有利(li)于吸收水分(fen)。
3.2插(cha)穗(sui)葉片朝(chao)向(xiang)一致,一般按(an)常年最多的風(feng)(feng)向(xiang)順(shun)風(feng)(feng)排列,這樣可以避免插(cha)穗(sui)被風(feng)(feng)吹動(dong)。
3.3扦插(cha)(cha)時,先按(an)行距要求劃好行線(xian),然后沿行線(xian),按(an)株(zhu)距將(jiang)插(cha)(cha)穗(sui)垂直或稍(shao)斜插(cha)(cha)入土(tu)中,深(shen)度(du)以葉(xie)柄與廂面(mian)平齊為好。邊(bian)插(cha)(cha)邊(bian)用手稍(shao)用力提不起(qi)為宜,使插(cha)(cha)穗(sui)與土(tu)壤緊(jin)密接觸。
3.4插(cha)完一定(ding)的面積(ji)后立(li)即澆(jiao)水,并用遮陽物覆(fu)蓋。如果在高溫烈日(ri)下(xia)扦插(cha),需要(yao)邊插(cha)邊澆(jiao)水、達遮陽,以(yi)防灼(zhuo)傷。
3.5茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 幼齡茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)年用量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)按3:1:1。一二齡樹(shu)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)3—5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。三四(si)齡樹(shu)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)4—6公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。五六齡樹(shu)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)6—9公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。成齡茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)以產定肥(fei)(fei)(fei),一般每采摘100公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)鮮葉施(shi)(shi)(shi)入純氮(dan)(dan)4—5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),過(guo)磷(lin)酸鈣或鈣鎂磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)7—8公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),硫酸鉀2—2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)每畝農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1—2噸,茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)專(zhuan)用復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)50—60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。
(4)土壤管理
4.1中耕鋤草(cao)(cao)。幼齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan),視其茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)情況,宜淺耕,最好是采用徒手(shou)拔草(cao)(cao)或者鏟鋤鏟草(cao)(cao)的方法,深(shen)(shen)耕易傷根,影(ying)響茶(cha)(cha)苗(miao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。成齡(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)視雜(za)草(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)產情況,每年(nian)進行3次(ci)-4次(ci)淺中耕,深(shen)(shen)度為(wei)5厘(li)米(mi)-10厘(li)米(mi),在(zai)秋茶(cha)(cha)封(feng)園(yuan)后,及早進行一(yi)次(ci)深(shen)(shen)耕,深(shen)(shen)度為(wei)15厘(li)米(mi)-20厘(li)米(mi)。
4.2間種作(zuo)物(wu)。幼(you)齡茶園頭兩年(nian)可在行間中央(yang)間作(zuo)1行-2行綠(lv)肥作(zuo)物(wu)或其(qi)它適(shi)宜的矮稈(gan)、短蔓作(zuo)物(wu),如黃(huang)豆、綠(lv)豆、蠶豆、花(hua)生、白(bai)菜等。
4.3茶園覆(fu)蓋(gai)。幼齡茶園樹封(feng)行(xing)后,行(xing)間可用山草或作物秸稈(gan)覆(fu)蓋(gai),每1畝鋪干(gan)草重1噸左右(you),實施茶園免(少)耕。
(5)水分管理
5.1蓄水。雨季注意給水池(chi)蓄水,供早期使用。搞好茶(cha)園耕鋤、覆蓋和(he) 幼齡茶(cha)園的作物間種(zhong),增(zeng)強土壤涵養水分的能力。
5.2灌(guan)(guan)溉。幼齡茶園在(zai)夏秋(qiu)(qiu)干旱持續5天-7天時(shi)就進(jin)行一次(ci)灌(guan)(guan)溉。產量較高(gao)的(de)茶園夏秋(qiu)(qiu)干旱持續5天-7天時(shi)應進(jin)行一次(ci)灌(guan)(guan)溉。產量較高(gao)的(de)茶園夏秋(qiu)(qiu)干旱時(shi)也應當進(jin)行灌(guan)(guan)溉,以噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)最佳,無噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)條(tiao)件時(shi),可進(jin)行溝灌(guan)(guan)。
(6)茶樹修剪
6.1幼齡茶樹的修(xiu)剪。第1次修(xiu)剪距(ju)地(di)(di)面(mian)20厘(li)米(mi)剪去茶苗主枝上部。第2次距(ju)地(di)(di)面(mian)30—35厘(li)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)剪。第3次距(ju)地(di)(di)面(mian)45厘(li)米(mi)施(shi)(shi)剪。
6.2成齡茶(cha)樹(shu)(shu)修(xiu)剪(jian)。投采(cai)(cai)后(hou)的茶(cha)樹(shu)(shu)每年或隔年進行輕修(xiu)剪(jian),每次將(jiang)樹(shu)(shu)冠面剪(jian)低3—5厘米(mi),投采(cai)(cai)5—6年進行一次深(shen)修(xiu)剪(jian),將(jiang)采(cai)(cai)摘冠面剪(jian)低15—20厘米(mi)。
6.3衰老(lao)茶樹更新修剪。距地面30—50厘米剪去(qu)樹冠上部(bu)。
(7)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治 加強茶(cha)(cha)園培管,增(zeng)強樹體抗病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能力,結(jie)合采(cai)茶(cha)(cha)、修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)、耕鋤,清(qing)除或(huo)深埋結(jie)繭蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)蛹(苞),或(huo)于危害初期(qi)及時摘(剪(jian)(jian))除害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)卵塊、護(hu)囊與(yu)群(qun)集(ji)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)葉(枝(zhi)),點燈(deng)誘(you)蛾(e)及利用性激素誘(you)殺雄蛾(e),應(ying)盡量(liang)少用或(huo)不用化學農藥,選擇高(gao)效(xiao)低毒農藥,以減少有(you)毒物質(zhi)(zhi)的殘(can)存量(liang),使茶(cha)(cha)葉的品質(zhi)(zhi)少受影響。
(8)加工。按《貴定云霧貢茶地方標準》(DB52/547—2008)執行
(9)生(sheng)產記錄。根據農業部有關檔(dang)案管理(li)辦法規定,種植場及一般種植戶都應當建立(li)養殖檔(dang)案,載(zai)明以(yi)下內容(rong):品(pin)種、面積(ji)、種植記錄、標識(shi)情(qing)況、;投入(ru)品(pin)和(he)農藥(yao)的(de)來源、名稱、使用對象、時間和(he)用量(liang)等有關情(qing)況;檢疫、病蟲害防(fang)治情(qing)況。資料應盡(jin)可能長期保存,最少保留2年。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定(ding)
(1)分級(ji)(ji):分為特(te)級(ji)(ji)、一級(ji)(ji)和二級(ji)(ji)三(san)個等級(ji)(ji)。
(2)包(bao)裝(zhuang):包(bao)裝(zhuang)容(rong)器和包(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料按SB/T10035的規(gui)定。直接接觸茶葉的紙質包(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料按GB11680規(gui)定,用(yong)500g/包(bao)。
(3)標(biao)識(shi):產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)應(ying)有明確標(biao)簽,內容包(bao)括:產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)執行標(biao)準、生產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)及詳細地(di)址(zhi)、產(chan)(chan)地(di)、凈含量和(he)包(bao)裝(zhuang)日期(qi)等,要求字(zi)跡清(qing)晰、完整(zheng)、準確。標(biao)志(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)人應(ying)在其(qi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或其(qi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上統(tong)一使用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)(貴(gui)定云霧貢茶名(ming)稱(cheng)和(he)公(gong)共標(biao)識(shi)圖案組(zu)合標(biao)注型式(shi))。
(4)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu):裝(zhuang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)倉(cang)應(ying)清潔、衛生、無(wu)異(yi)味。運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)時應(ying)快裝(zhuang)、快運(yun)(yun)(yun)、快卸,嚴禁日曬(shai)雨(yu)淋,裝(zhuang)卸、搬運(yun)(yun)(yun)時要(yao)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,嚴禁亂(luan)丟亂(luan)扔,嚴禁與有毒(du)有害物質接觸。運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)必須(xu)符(fu)合(he)SB/T10037。 (5)貯(zhu)藏:按SB/T10095。的規定執行。