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一.產品介紹

化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)地(di)處內蒙古大(da)(da)草原(yuan)南緣(yuan)，清末民(min)初，清王朝實行“招墾實邊”政策，使得(de)山西、河北農(nong)民(min)大(da)(da)批涌入(ru)境(jing)(jing)內開荒種(zhong)(zhong)地(di)，大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)基本屬于(yu)一(yi)(yi)家(jia)一(yi)(yi)戶小面(mian)積(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，僅供自家(jia)食(shi)用(yong)，多余的(de)(de)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)會拿到(dao)集(ji)市上(shang)出售(shou)。直到(dao)新中國(guo)成立后(hou)，當地(di)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)才有(you)了較大(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)水澆(jiao)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)恢(hui)復到(dao)28250畝(mu)(mu)，2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)達(da)到(dao)5.08萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，隨著(zhu)水澆(jiao)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)擴大(da)(da)，當地(di)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業得(de)到(dao)快(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)總播(bo)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)70.32萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，其中以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)到(dao)4萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達(da)16.6萬(wan)噸(dun)。通過(guo)節水灌(guan)溉(gai)工程(cheng)實施，目前大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)了7.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。據當地(di)傳說、流傳典故(gu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)老人講述：在(zai)明(ming)朝初年(nian)(nian)(nian)，明(ming)成祖(zu)朱棣(di)出征平(ping)定漠(mo)北和征討蒙古韃靼等部(bu)落時，途經(jing)(jing)哈必嘎、萬(wan)隆店（康保境(jing)(jing)）入(ru)嘉(jia)卜(bu)寺(si)（化(hua)德(de)境(jing)(jing)內），很(hen)多士兵手心(xin)和腳(jiao)心(xin)起泡，不(bu)能行軍(jun)、拿不(bu)了武器，軍(jun)中有(you)名老中醫建議(yi)就(jiu)地(di)取材，用(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)和板藍(lan)根熬湯服用(yong)并(bing)擦洗，士兵的(de)(de)病情(qing)逐步好轉并(bing)且很(hen)快(kuai)痊(quan)愈。民(min)國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)）察(cha)哈爾省政府(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)席兼(jian)第29軍(jun)軍(jun)長宋(song)哲元(yuan)到(dao)化(hua)德(de)境(jing)(jing)內視(shi)察(cha)軍(jun)務，并(bing)在(zai)朝陽、嘉(jia)卜(bu)寺(si)等地(di)部(bu)署駐軍(jun)，部(bu)隊伙食(shi)就(jiu)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)為主(zhu)(zhu)要蔬菜(cai)(cai)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬到(dao)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋，全(quan)縣(xian)大(da)(da)辦公(gong)(gong)共(gong)食(shi)堂，社員村民(min)到(dao)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)食(shi)堂吃集(ji)體飯(fan)，主(zhu)(zhu)要食(shi)材也以(yi)(yi)當地(di)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)為主(zhu)(zhu)。1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月內蒙古自治區畜牧(mu)局在(zai)化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)召開全(quan)區青貯飼料現場(chang)會，推(tui)廣化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)“立秋貯青草、白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)露貯山藥秧、秋分貯白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)葉”的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)。由此可(ke)見，化(hua)德(de)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)在(zai)當地(di)有(you)著(zhu)悠久的(de)(de)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)很(hen)高的(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)藥用(yong)價值。目前化(hua)德(de)縣(xian)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)已(yi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)7.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量45萬(wan)噸(dun)，是烏蘭察(cha)布以(yi)(yi)致全(quan)內蒙古最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)縣(xian)。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業部(bu)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害產(chan)(chan)(chan)品和產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)認(ren)定，同年(nian)(nian)(nian)被自治區農(nong)牧(mu)業廳授予“無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害大(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)”，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品深受外來商客和消費(fei)者的(de)(de)青睞并(bing)遠(yuan)銷北京、天津、廣州(zhou)、上(shang)海、杭州(zhou)等全(quan)國(guo)各大(da)(da)城市。

二.自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和(he)人文歷史因素(su)

1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang)：化德(de)縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)貌總體(ti)趨勢是西高(gao)(gao)(gao)東(dong)低(di)，中部凸起，形成高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)起伏態勢。海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)度在(zai)1244—1719米之(zhi)間(jian)。按地(di)(di)貌特點分(fen)(fen)為(wei)低(di)山丘(qiu)陵區、緩坡丘(qiu)陵區、山間(jian)盆(pen)地(di)(di)、山間(jian)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)、河谷(gu)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)、波狀高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)六(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)。低(di)山丘(qiu)陵區占縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)21.9%、緩坡丘(qiu)陵區縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)19.7%、山間(jian)盆(pen)地(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)12.5%、山間(jian)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)29.4%、河谷(gu)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3.8%、波狀高(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)12.7%。據1983年縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤普查和1989—1992年縣(xian)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源調查，化德(de)縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)3個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei)，8個(ge)亞類(lei)(lei)，21個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)，108個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)種(zhong)(zhong)。草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)比較分(fen)(fen)散，主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)山間(jian)盆(pen)地(di)(di)、河谷(gu)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)。成土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)為(wei)沖洪積(ji)物，有機質(zhi)含量(liang)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)，在(zai)2.5-2.9%之(zhi)間(jian)。 

2、氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang)：化德縣(xian)屬中溫(wen)(wen)帶半干旱大陸性(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)候，主要氣(qi)(qi)候特點是日照時間長，光能(neng)充(chong)足，寒暑劇變，晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大，風沙日數(shu)(shu)多，蒸發量(liang)(liang)大，氣(qi)(qi)候干燥，有利于營養(yang)物(wu)質的(de)積(ji)(ji)累。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)2.5℃，無霜(shuang)期年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)103天，≥0℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)2502.7℃，持續(xu)天數(shu)(shu)196天；≥5℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)23388℃，持續(xu)天數(shu)(shu)160天；≥10℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)19274℃，持續(xu)天數(shu)(shu)117天。境內多晴朗(lang)天氣(qi)(qi)，大氣(qi)(qi)透光好，光照時間長，太陽光幅射強度大，光能(neng)源豐富。平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照時數(shu)(shu)3078.7小(xiao)時，年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照率69%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)329.9毫米(mi)，降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集中在6-8月，占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)60-75%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕度56%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)(liang)較大，平(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)(liang)2046.1毫米(mi)，是年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)6.2倍。

三.地域范圍

化德縣(xian)屬內(nei)蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區，是烏(wu)蘭(lan)察(cha)布(bu)市(shi)以農業生(sheng)產為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的旗(qi)縣(xian)之一，位于半農半牧交錯帶。地處內(nei)蒙古中(zhong)部，烏(wu)蘭(lan)察(cha)布(bu)市(shi)最東端(duan)，地理坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東經(jing)113°33′04″—114°48′13″，北(bei)緯41°36′47″—42°17′41″之間。北(bei)與錫林郭勒盟鑲黃(huang)旗(qi)接壤，西(xi)、西(xi)南(nan)與商都縣(xian)相連，東、東南(nan)與河北(bei)省康保(bao)縣(xian)交界，東北(bei)與正鑲白(bai)旗(qi)毗鄰。東西(xi)長108.5公里(li)，南(nan)北(bei)寬72公里(li)，總面(mian)積2527平方公里(li)。行政劃分為(wei)(wei)(wei)6個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)，保(bao)護(hu)地域包括上述全部鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)朝陽(yang)鎮(zhen)、長順鎮(zhen)、七(qi)號(hao)鎮(zhen)、白(bai)音(yin)特(te)拉(la)鄉(xiang)、德包圖鄉(xiang)、公臘胡洞鄉(xiang)，93個行政村內(nei)。保(bao)護(hu)規模為(wei)(wei)(wei)年產量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)45萬噸。

四.產品品質特性(xing)特征(zheng)

1、外在感官特征：化德大白菜葉(xie)(xie)球彈(dan)頭(tou)形、半疊抱直筒型，橫徑(jing)18-25cm，縱徑(jing)25-30cm，單株(zhu)重(zhong)4kg左右，外葉(xie)(xie)濃綠、內葉(xie)(xie)嫩(nen)黃、葉(xie)(xie)幫質嫩(nen)，葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)汁多甜脆，氣(qi)味清新，糖分含(han)量高、纖維較少、口感好(hao)，品質佳。

2、內在品質指標：化(hua)德大(da)白(bai)菜(cai)營養成分含(han)量參照范圍：蛋(dan)白(bai)質：1.1-1.5g/100g；粗纖維：0.4-1.0g/100g；Vc:10.2-16.1mg/100g；煙(yan)酸：0.1-0.4mg/100g；鐵：2.1-2.6mg/100g；鉀：128-133mg/100g；鈣(gai)：35-52mg/100g；鎂：5.4-12.3mg/100g。獨特的地理環境(jing)和自(zi)然氣候造(zao)就(jiu)了其獨特的品質。化(hua)德大(da)白(bai)菜(cai)含(han)較多維生素，與(yu)肉類同食，既可增(zeng)添肉的鮮美味(wei)道，又可減少肉中亞(ya)(ya)硝酸鹽(yan)類物質和亞(ya)(ya)硝酸鹽(yan)的產生。特別適(shi)合用于(yu)燉(dun)、炒(chao)、熘、拌(ban)以及做餡、配菜(cai)。除供熟食之外(wai)，還可以加工成菜(cai)干或腌(a)制品，具(ju)有(you)“開(kai)胃、健脾、補(bu)充維生素”等功效。