一.產品介紹
化(hua)德(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)處(chu)內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)草(cao)原南緣(yuan),清(qing)末民初,清(qing)王朝(chao)實行“招墾(ken)實邊”政策,使得(de)山西、河北(bei)農民大(da)批涌入境(jing)內(nei)(nei)開(kai)荒種(zhong)(zhong)地(di),大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)基本屬于一家(jia)一戶小面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),僅供自家(jia)食(shi)(shi)用(yong),多余的(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)會拿(na)到(dao)(dao)集(ji)市(shi)上出售。直到(dao)(dao)新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)立后,當(dang)(dang)地(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)生產(chan)(chan)才有了(le)較大(da)發展(zhan)。1999年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)水澆地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)恢復到(dao)(dao)28250畝(mu)(mu),2004年(nian)(nian)達到(dao)(dao)5.08萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),隨著水澆地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)擴大(da),當(dang)(dang)地(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)業得(de)到(dao)(dao)快速(su)發展(zhan),2004年(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總(zong)播面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)70.32萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達到(dao)(dao)4萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),產(chan)(chan)量達16.6萬(wan)噸。通(tong)過節(jie)水灌溉工(gong)程實施,目前大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)已經(jing)發展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)了(le)7.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。據當(dang)(dang)地(di)傳說、流傳典故以(yi)及老(lao)(lao)人講述(shu):在(zai)明(ming)朝(chao)初年(nian)(nian),明(ming)成(cheng)祖朱棣出征平定漠北(bei)和(he)征討蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)韃靼等部落時,途經(jing)哈必嘎、萬(wan)隆店(康保境(jing))入嘉(jia)卜(bu)寺(化(hua)德(de)(de)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)),很多士兵手(shou)心(xin)和(he)腳心(xin)起泡,不(bu)能(neng)行軍(jun)、拿(na)不(bu)了(le)武器,軍(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)有名老(lao)(lao)中(zhong)(zhong)醫建議就地(di)取材,用(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)和(he)板藍(lan)根熬湯(tang)服用(yong)并(bing)擦(ca)洗,士兵的(de)病情(qing)逐步(bu)好轉并(bing)且(qie)很快痊愈。民國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1933年(nian)(nian))察(cha)哈爾省(sheng)政府主(zhu)席兼第29軍(jun)軍(jun)長宋哲元(yuan)到(dao)(dao)化(hua)德(de)(de)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)視察(cha)軍(jun)務,并(bing)在(zai)朝(chao)陽(yang)、嘉(jia)卜(bu)寺等地(di)部署(shu)駐軍(jun),部隊伙食(shi)(shi)就以(yi)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)為(wei)主(zhu)要蔬(shu)菜(cai)。1958年(nian)(nian)冬到(dao)(dao)1959年(nian)(nian)秋,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)辦公(gong)共食(shi)(shi)堂,社員村民到(dao)(dao)公(gong)共食(shi)(shi)堂吃(chi)集(ji)體飯,主(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)材也以(yi)當(dang)(dang)地(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)為(wei)主(zhu)。1977年(nian)(nian)8月內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)自治區畜(chu)牧局在(zai)化(hua)德(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)召開(kai)全(quan)區青(qing)(qing)貯(zhu)飼(si)料(liao)現場(chang)會,推(tui)廣(guang)化(hua)德(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)“立秋貯(zhu)青(qing)(qing)草(cao)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)露貯(zhu)山藥秧、秋分貯(zhu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)葉”的(de)經(jing)驗。由此可(ke)見,化(hua)德(de)(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)在(zai)當(dang)(dang)地(di)有著悠久的(de)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史、發展(zhan)過程以(yi)及很高的(de)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)藥用(yong)價(jia)值。目前化(hua)德(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)已發展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)7.5萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量45萬(wan)噸,是烏蘭察(cha)布(bu)以(yi)致全(quan)內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)最(zui)大(da)的(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)生產(chan)(chan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。2004年(nian)(nian)通(tong)過國(guo)家(jia)農業部無公(gong)害產(chan)(chan)品和(he)產(chan)(chan)地(di)認定,同年(nian)(nian)被自治區農牧業廳(ting)授予“無公(gong)害大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)”,產(chan)(chan)品深(shen)受外來商客和(he)消費(fei)者的(de)青(qing)(qing)睞并(bing)遠銷(xiao)北(bei)京、天(tian)津、廣(guang)州、上海、杭州等全(quan)國(guo)各大(da)城市(shi)。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:化(hua)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)貌(mao)總(zong)體趨勢(shi)是西高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)東低(di),中部凸起,形(xing)成高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)起伏(fu)態勢(shi)。海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度在(zai)(zai)1244—1719米之間(jian)。按地(di)(di)貌(mao)特點分(fen)(fen)為(wei)低(di)山(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區、緩(huan)坡(po)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區、山(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)、山(shan)間(jian)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)、河(he)谷(gu)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)、波狀高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)六(liu)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)型。低(di)山(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區占縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)21.9%、緩(huan)坡(po)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)19.7%、山(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)12.5%、山(shan)間(jian)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)29.4%、河(he)谷(gu)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)3.8%、波狀高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)12.7%。據(ju)1983年縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤普查和1989—1992年縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)調查,化(hua)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤分(fen)(fen)布有栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)3個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei),8個亞類(lei)(lei),21個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,108個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)種(zhong)。草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分(fen)(fen)布比較分(fen)(fen)散,主要分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)(zai)山(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)、河(he)谷(gu)洼(wa)(wa)地(di)(di)。成土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)質(zhi)為(wei)沖洪積(ji)物,有機質(zhi)含量較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),在(zai)(zai)2.5-2.9%之間(jian)。
2、氣候情況:化德(de)縣屬中溫(wen)(wen)帶半干旱大(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣候,主要氣候特點是日照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)長,光(guang)能充足,寒暑劇變,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da),風沙日數(shu)多,蒸(zheng)發量(liang)大(da),氣候干燥,有利于營(ying)養物質的積(ji)(ji)累。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)2.5℃,無霜期年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)103天,≥0℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)2502.7℃,持(chi)續天數(shu)196天;≥5℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)23388℃,持(chi)續天數(shu)160天;≥10℃積(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)19274℃,持(chi)續天數(shu)117天。境(jing)內多晴朗天氣,大(da)氣透(tou)光(guang)好,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)長,太陽光(guang)幅射(she)強度大(da),光(guang)能源豐富。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)(zhao)時數(shu)3078.7小時,年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)(zhao)率69%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)329.9毫米(mi)(mi),降水集中在(zai)6-8月,占全年(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)的60-75%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對(dui)濕度56%。年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)較大(da),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)2046.1毫米(mi)(mi),是年(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)的6.2倍。
三.地域范圍
化德(de)縣(xian)屬內(nei)(nei)蒙古自治區,是(shi)烏蘭察布(bu)市(shi)以農(nong)業生產為(wei)主的旗(qi)縣(xian)之(zhi)一,位(wei)于半(ban)農(nong)半(ban)牧交(jiao)錯(cuo)帶(dai)。地處內(nei)(nei)蒙古中部(bu),烏蘭察布(bu)市(shi)最東(dong)端,地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經113°33′04″—114°48′13″,北(bei)緯41°36′47″—42°17′41″之(zhi)間。北(bei)與(yu)錫林(lin)郭勒盟(meng)鑲(xiang)黃旗(qi)接壤,西、西南(nan)與(yu)商(shang)都縣(xian)相(xiang)連,東(dong)、東(dong)南(nan)與(yu)河北(bei)省康保縣(xian)交(jiao)界(jie),東(dong)北(bei)與(yu)正鑲(xiang)白旗(qi)毗鄰。東(dong)西長108.5公(gong)里,南(nan)北(bei)寬72公(gong)里,總面積2527平方公(gong)里。行政劃分為(wei)6個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,保護地域包括上述全部(bu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮朝陽鎮、長順鎮、七號鎮、白音特拉鄉(xiang)(xiang)、德(de)包圖鄉(xiang)(xiang)、公(gong)臘胡洞鄉(xiang)(xiang),93個行政村內(nei)(nei)。保護規模為(wei)年產量為(wei)45萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感(gan)(gan)官特(te)征:化德大(da)白菜(cai)葉球彈頭形(xing)、半(ban)疊(die)抱直筒型,橫徑18-25cm,縱徑25-30cm,單株重4kg左右,外葉濃(nong)綠、內葉嫩(nen)黃、葉幫質嫩(nen),葉柄汁多甜脆,氣味清新,糖分含量高、纖維較少(shao)、口感(gan)(gan)好,品質佳。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指標:化德(de)大(da)白菜(cai)營(ying)養成分(fen)含量參照范圍:蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):1.1-1.5g/100g;粗纖維(wei):0.4-1.0g/100g;Vc:10.2-16.1mg/100g;煙酸:0.1-0.4mg/100g;鐵(tie):2.1-2.6mg/100g;鉀:128-133mg/100g;鈣:35-52mg/100g;鎂:5.4-12.3mg/100g。獨特(te)的(de)地(di)理(li)環境(jing)和自(zi)然(ran)氣候造就了其(qi)獨特(te)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。化德(de)大(da)白菜(cai)含較多(duo)維(wei)生素(su),與肉類同食,既可增添肉的(de)鮮(xian)美味道,又可減(jian)少肉中亞硝酸鹽類物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和亞硝酸鹽的(de)產生。特(te)別(bie)適合用于燉、炒、熘、拌以(yi)(yi)及做餡、配菜(cai)。除(chu)供(gong)熟食之外,還可以(yi)(yi)加工成菜(cai)干或腌(a)制品(pin),具有“開胃、健脾、補充(chong)維(wei)生素(su)”等功效。