一.產品介紹
化德(de)縣(xian)地(di)(di)處內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)大(da)草原南緣,清末民(min)(min)初,清王(wang)朝實行(xing)“招墾實邊”政(zheng)(zheng)策,使得山(shan)西(xi)、河北(bei)農(nong)民(min)(min)大(da)批(pi)涌入(ru)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)開(kai)荒種(zhong)地(di)(di),大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)基(ji)本屬于(yu)一家一戶小面積(ji)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),僅供自(zi)家食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),多余的(de)(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)會(hui)拿到(dao)集市上出售(shou)。直(zhi)到(dao)新中(zhong)國成立后(hou),當地(di)(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生產(chan)(chan)才有(you)了(le)較(jiao)大(da)發展(zhan)。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)水(shui)澆(jiao)地(di)(di)面積(ji)恢復到(dao)28250畝(mu),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)達到(dao)5.08萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),隨(sui)著水(shui)澆(jiao)地(di)(di)面積(ji)的(de)(de)擴大(da),當地(di)(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)業得到(dao)快速發展(zhan),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總播(bo)面積(ji)70.32萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)以大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)達到(dao)4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),產(chan)(chan)量達16.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸。通過節水(shui)灌溉工程實施(shi),目前大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)已經發展(zhan)到(dao)了(le)7.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。據當地(di)(di)傳(chuan)說、流傳(chuan)典故以及(ji)老人講述:在明(ming)朝初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),明(ming)成祖(zu)朱棣(di)出征平定漠(mo)北(bei)和征討蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)韃靼(da)等(deng)部(bu)落時(shi),途經哈(ha)必(bi)嘎、萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)隆店(康(kang)保境(jing)(jing))入(ru)嘉卜寺(si)(化德(de)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)),很(hen)(hen)多士(shi)兵手(shou)心(xin)和腳(jiao)心(xin)起泡,不能(neng)行(xing)軍(jun)、拿不了(le)武器,軍(jun)中(zhong)有(you)名(ming)老中(zhong)醫建議就地(di)(di)取材(cai),用(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)和板藍(lan)根熬(ao)湯服用(yong)(yong)(yong)并(bing)擦洗,士(shi)兵的(de)(de)病(bing)情逐(zhu)步好轉并(bing)且(qie)很(hen)(hen)快痊(quan)愈。民(min)(min)國22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))察哈(ha)爾省政(zheng)(zheng)府主(zhu)席兼(jian)第29軍(jun)軍(jun)長宋哲(zhe)元到(dao)化德(de)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)視察軍(jun)務,并(bing)在朝陽、嘉卜寺(si)等(deng)地(di)(di)部(bu)署駐軍(jun),部(bu)隊伙(huo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)就以大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為主(zhu)要蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬到(dao)1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)大(da)辦公(gong)共食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堂(tang),社員村民(min)(min)到(dao)公(gong)共食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堂(tang)吃集體飯,主(zhu)要食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)也以當地(di)(di)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為主(zhu)。1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)畜牧局在化德(de)縣(xian)召(zhao)開(kai)全(quan)(quan)區(qu)青(qing)貯飼料現場會(hui),推廣(guang)(guang)化德(de)縣(xian)“立秋貯青(qing)草、白(bai)(bai)(bai)露貯山(shan)藥(yao)秧、秋分貯白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)葉(xie)”的(de)(de)經驗。由此(ci)可見,化德(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)在當地(di)(di)有(you)著悠久的(de)(de)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷史、發展(zhan)過程以及(ji)很(hen)(hen)高的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價值(zhi)。目前化德(de)縣(xian)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)已發展(zhan)到(dao)7.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量45萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸,是烏蘭察布以致全(quan)(quan)內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)(gu)最大(da)的(de)(de)大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生產(chan)(chan)縣(xian)。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過國家農(nong)業部(bu)無公(gong)害產(chan)(chan)品和產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)認定,同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被自(zi)治區(qu)農(nong)牧業廳授(shou)予(yu)“無公(gong)害大(da)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)”,產(chan)(chan)品深受外(wai)來(lai)商客和消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)青(qing)睞并(bing)遠(yuan)銷北(bei)京、天津、廣(guang)(guang)州、上海、杭州等(deng)全(quan)(quan)國各大(da)城(cheng)市。
二.自然(ran)生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:化(hua)德縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei)地(di)貌(mao)總體趨勢是西(xi)高(gao)(gao)東(dong)低(di),中(zhong)部凸起,形成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)低(di)起伏態勢。海拔高(gao)(gao)度在1244—1719米之間(jian)。按地(di)貌(mao)特點(dian)分(fen)為(wei)低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)、緩坡丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)、山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)地(di)、山(shan)(shan)間(jian)洼(wa)地(di)、河(he)谷洼(wa)地(di)、波狀高(gao)(gao)原六(liu)種類(lei)型。低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)占縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積21.9%、緩坡丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積19.7%、山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)地(di)縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積12.5%、山(shan)(shan)間(jian)洼(wa)地(di)縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積29.4%、河(he)谷洼(wa)地(di)縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積3.8%、波狀高(gao)(gao)原縣(xian)(xian)域(yu)面(mian)積12.7%。據1983年縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查和(he)1989—1992年縣(xian)(xian)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)資(zi)源調查,化(hua)德縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分(fen)布有(you)栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)3個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei),8個(ge)亞類(lei),21個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬,108個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)種。草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)分(fen)布比較分(fen)散,主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)布在山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)地(di)、河(he)谷洼(wa)地(di)。成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)為(wei)沖洪積物,有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)較高(gao)(gao),在2.5-2.9%之間(jian)。
2、氣候(hou)(hou)(hou)情況:化德縣屬(shu)中溫(wen)帶半干旱大陸(lu)性季風(feng)氣候(hou)(hou)(hou),主要(yao)氣候(hou)(hou)(hou)特點是(shi)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時間長,光(guang)能(neng)充足,寒(han)暑劇變,晝夜溫(wen)差大,風(feng)沙日(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)多(duo),蒸(zheng)發量(liang)大,氣候(hou)(hou)(hou)干燥,有利于(yu)營(ying)養物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)積累。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)2.5℃,無霜期年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)103天(tian)(tian)(tian),≥0℃積溫(wen)2502.7℃,持(chi)續天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)196天(tian)(tian)(tian);≥5℃積溫(wen)23388℃,持(chi)續天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)160天(tian)(tian)(tian);≥10℃積溫(wen)19274℃,持(chi)續天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)(shu)117天(tian)(tian)(tian)。境內多(duo)晴朗(lang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣,大氣透光(guang)好,光(guang)照(zhao)時間長,太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)幅(fu)射強度大,光(guang)能(neng)源豐富。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)(shu)3078.7小(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率69%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)329.9毫米(mi),降(jiang)水集中在(zai)6-8月,占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量(liang)的(de)60-75%。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對濕度56%。年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)較(jiao)大,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)2046.1毫米(mi),是(shi)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量(liang)的(de)6.2倍。
三.地域范圍
化德縣屬內(nei)(nei)蒙古自治區,是烏蘭察布市(shi)(shi)以農業生產為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的旗(qi)縣之一(yi),位于半(ban)農半(ban)牧(mu)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)帶。地處內(nei)(nei)蒙古中部(bu),烏蘭察布市(shi)(shi)最東(dong)端,地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經113°33′04″—114°48′13″,北緯41°36′47″—42°17′41″之間(jian)。北與錫林郭勒盟(meng)鑲(xiang)黃(huang)旗(qi)接壤,西(xi)、西(xi)南(nan)與商都縣相連(lian),東(dong)、東(dong)南(nan)與河北省康保(bao)縣交(jiao)(jiao)界,東(dong)北與正(zheng)鑲(xiang)白旗(qi)毗鄰。東(dong)西(xi)長108.5公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北寬(kuan)72公(gong)里(li),總面積2527平方公(gong)里(li)。行政劃分為(wei)(wei)6個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),保(bao)護(hu)地域包括上(shang)述(shu)全部(bu)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)朝陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、長順鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、七號鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、白音特拉鄉(xiang)、德包圖鄉(xiang)、公(gong)臘(la)胡(hu)洞鄉(xiang),93個行政村內(nei)(nei)。保(bao)護(hu)規模為(wei)(wei)年產量為(wei)(wei)45萬噸(dun)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:化(hua)德大白菜葉(xie)(xie)球彈頭形(xing)、半疊抱(bao)直筒型,橫徑(jing)18-25cm,縱徑(jing)25-30cm,單株重4kg左右,外葉(xie)(xie)濃(nong)綠、內葉(xie)(xie)嫩(nen)黃、葉(xie)(xie)幫質(zhi)嫩(nen),葉(xie)(xie)柄汁(zhi)多甜脆,氣(qi)味清(qing)新,糖(tang)分含量(liang)高、纖維較少、口(kou)感好,品(pin)質(zhi)佳(jia)。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質指標:化德(de)大(da)白菜(cai)(cai)(cai)營養(yang)成分含量參照范圍:蛋(dan)白質:1.1-1.5g/100g;粗纖維:0.4-1.0g/100g;Vc:10.2-16.1mg/100g;煙酸:0.1-0.4mg/100g;鐵:2.1-2.6mg/100g;鉀:128-133mg/100g;鈣(gai):35-52mg/100g;鎂:5.4-12.3mg/100g。獨特(te)的地理環境(jing)和自然氣候造(zao)就(jiu)了其獨特(te)的品(pin)質。化德(de)大(da)白菜(cai)(cai)(cai)含較多維生素,與肉(rou)類同(tong)食(shi),既可增(zeng)添(tian)肉(rou)的鮮美味道(dao),又可減少肉(rou)中亞硝酸鹽(yan)類物質和亞硝酸鹽(yan)的產生。特(te)別適合(he)用于燉、炒、熘、拌以(yi)及做餡、配菜(cai)(cai)(cai)。除供熟食(shi)之(zhi)外,還(huan)可以(yi)加工成菜(cai)(cai)(cai)干或(huo)腌(a)制品(pin),具有“開胃、健脾、補充維生素”等功效。