一.產品介紹
泰來花生(sheng),粒形(xing)多(duo)見三角(jiao)形(xing)、圓柱型;籽粒圓潤飽滿;果皮(pi)光滑;單粒較(jiao)小(xiao),平均(jun)徑長7毫米左右(you),高12毫米左右(you)。百仁重50克、平均(jun)出(chu)米率68%。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)呈(cheng)紅色(se)、棕紅色(se)或深紅色(se),顏色(se)均(jun)勻;有光澤;子葉呈(cheng)白色(se)或乳白色(se),油(you)而不膩,脆而不硬,潤而不粘(zhan),香味純正,余(yu)味持(chi)久。花生(sheng)其微元素含量如下(xia):粗蛋(dan)白29.7g/100g、粗脂肪(fang)46.3 g/100g、粗纖維8.0%、鋅18mg/kg、硒<9.5×10-3mg/kg。 泰來縣(xian)自1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)花生(sheng),由于自然條件(jian)、產(chan)(chan)量、價格、市場等多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)素影響,花生(sheng)的產(chan)(chan)量和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)在(zai)波動中呈(cheng)上(shang)升趨勢。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)花生(sheng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)7721畝(mu)、總(zong)產(chan)(chan)833噸,到(dao)2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達到(dao)6.34萬(wan)余(yu)畝(mu),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)7714噸。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)后花生(sheng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)快速發展。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)縣(xian)政府出(chu)臺(tai)了《泰來縣(xian)2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)花生(sheng)振興工程(cheng)》,使(shi)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)花生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)大幅增加(jia),播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)近20萬(wan)畝(mu),到(dao)2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)花生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)基(ji)本(ben)穩定在(zai)40萬(wan)畝(mu)左右(you),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量6萬(wan)余(yu)噸。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)(sheng)泰來縣地處黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)(sheng)第一積溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)上限,土壤(rang)地貌類型為沙丘、沙帶(dai)相間的現(xian)代地貌,區域(yu)內土壤(rang)類型為沙壤(rang)土,泥沙比例適中(zhong),熱潮、滲透性好,苗期土壤(rang)含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)小(xiao)于25%,花期小(xiao)于15%,特別適合花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)及繁育。泰來縣花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面(mian)積占全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)總面(mian)積的66%。年(nian)平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度4.4℃,無霜期145天,全(quan)年(nian)活(huo)動(dong)積溫(wen)(wen)2930.6℃,年(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照2908.8小(xiao)時,年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)雨量(liang)392.6毫米(mi),春夏降(jiang)雨量(liang)小(xiao),晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大,有利于干(gan)物質積累(lei),適合花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。境內有一江五(wu)河,全(quan)國無污染兩大河流(liu)之一的嫩江流(liu)經境內 140 公里,有374個自然(ran)泡澤,地上地下水(shui)(shui)資源豐富(fu),完全(quan)適宜灌(guan)溉用水(shui)(shui)。泰來縣獨特的光(guang)照、溫(wen)(wen)度、水(shui)(shui)分、土壤(rang)能(neng)夠生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長出高產(chan)優(you)質營養(yang)的泰來花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
三.地域范圍
泰來(lai)花生地理標志地域(yu)保護范圍包括(kuo)克利(li)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、平洋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、江橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大興(xing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、湯池鎮(zhen)(zhen)、和平鎮(zhen)(zhen)、塔(ta)子城鎮(zhen)(zhen)、寧姜鄉、勝利(li)鄉、泰來(lai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、二龍濤(tao)農(nong)場,共(gong)十個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)和一個(ge)農(nong)場,地理坐標為東經122°59′~124°,北(bei)緯46°13′~47°10′。地域(yu)保護范圍面積399600公頃,生產面積23333公頃,年(nian)產量61250噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
1、外在(zai)感官(guan)特征:泰(tai)來(lai)花(hua)(hua)生,粒形(xing)多(duo)見三角(jiao)形(xing)、圓柱型;籽粒圓潤飽滿;果皮光滑;單粒較小,平(ping)均(jun)徑(jing)長7毫(hao)米左右,高12毫(hao)米左右。百仁重50克、平(ping)均(jun)出米率68%。種皮呈紅色、棕(zong)紅色或深紅色,顏色均(jun)勻;有光澤(ze);子葉呈白色或乳白色,油而不(bu)膩,脆而不(bu)硬,潤而不(bu)粘,香(xiang)味純正,余味持久。 2、內在(zai)品(pin)質:泰(tai)來(lai)花(hua)(hua)生素有“花(hua)(hua)生極(ji)品(pin)”之美(mei)譽。 經檢測,粗(cu)蛋白含量≥29g/100g、粗(cu)脂肪≥45 g/100g、粗(cu)纖維≥7.5%、鋅≥17mg/kg。
3、安全要(yao)求:產品質(zhi)量安全嚴格按照綠色(se)(se)食品生產技術規范及質(zhi)量標準執行綠色(se)(se)食品花生及其制(NY/T420-2009)
五.特定生產方(fang)式
1、選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)茬與輪作(zuo)(zuo)。 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di):選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇地(di)勢(shi)平坦、疏(shu)松、熱潮、肥沃(wo)的沙壤(rang)質耕地(di),泥沙比例為4:6,周邊3公里以內(nei)無污染源,大氣環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量、農田灌溉水質、土壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量等符合綠(lv)色食品生產(chan)標準。 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)茬:花生前茬以選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇禾(he)本(ben)科(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)物為宜,避(bi)免重迎茬及煙草、馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)、甜(tian)菜、豆(dou)科(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)物換茬。 輪作(zuo)(zuo):與禾(he)本(ben)科(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)物實行四年以上輪作(zuo)(zuo)。
2、整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)與施肥(fei)(fei)。 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di):播種前要細致(zhi)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di),做到深耕(geng)細耙(pa),上虛下(xia)實無坷垃,深淺一(yi)致(zhi),地(di)平(ping)土碎。一(yi)是前茬收獲后早秋(qiu)深耕(geng),加厚活土層,耕(geng)深20-25cm,以提高田間(jian)持水量(liang),改善通(tong)氣(qi)透(tou)(tou)水性(xing)。二是結合(he)(he)深耕(geng)增(zeng)施農家肥(fei)(fei)料,補充(chong)耕(geng)層土壤有(you)(you)機質(zhi),增(zeng)強通(tong)氣(qi)、透(tou)(tou)水性(xing)能,播前耕(geng)耙(pa),做到疏松適度,地(di)面平(ping)整(zheng)(zheng)。 施肥(fei)(fei):以人糞尿、草木灰及豬、雞、羊(yang)糞為好,不僅(jin)供給花生(sheng)各(ge)種營養元素和有(you)(you)機質(zhi),以畝施優質(zhi)農家肥(fei)(fei)2――3立方(fang)米,配(pei)合(he)(he)每畝施入有(you)(you)機復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)10公斤,作底肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)次性(xing)施入。
3、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)及播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)。 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):我(wo)縣(xian)以提純(chun)復壯的(de)“四粒紅”花生(sheng)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為宜(yi)。選(xuan)(xuan)留無病(bing)蟲害、果大(da)仁滿、整齊、三粒以上(shang)的(de)莢果,剝(bo)殼后選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)飽滿的(de)大(da)粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)籽做(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子田用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中上(shang)等(deng)粒、二級以上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子做(zuo)生(sheng)產用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)適宜(yi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi):當地溫穩定通過12℃時可播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),我(wo)縣(xian)在5月10-20日(ri)為花生(sheng)適宜(yi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)。 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa):分埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、趟種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
4、田間(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)。 查田補(bu)種(zhong)(zhong):齊(qi)(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后查田,采取移苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)栽或補(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)方法,確保全(quan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。 鏟(chan)(chan)趟(tang)(tang)(tang)管(guan)理(li):花生(sheng)棵子矮、怕草欺(qi)。勤鏟(chan)(chan)勤趟(tang)(tang)(tang)是防(fang)止草荒(huang)促(cu)進苗(miao)(miao)(miao)期生(sheng)長發(fa)(fa)育的(de)重要(yao)措施。小苗(miao)(miao)(miao)剛拱(gong)土就開鏟(chan)(chan),鏟(chan)(chan)后三(san)天趟(tang)(tang)(tang)頭(tou)遍(bian),趟(tang)(tang)(tang)開口壟不(bu)壓苗(miao)(miao)(miao),趟(tang)(tang)(tang)完頭(tou)遍(bian)地(di)進行(xing)“清(qing)棵”。清(qing)棵后15-20天鏟(chan)(chan)趟(tang)(tang)(tang)第二遍(bian),做(zuo)到培土不(bu)傷苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。盛花之前結束三(san)遍(bian)時(shi)用扒(ba)鋤鏟(chan)(chan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)眼,大鋤鏟(chan)(chan)兩(liang)(liang)旁。后期薅兩(liang)(liang)次大草。 適時(shi)灌(guan)水:花生(sheng)整個(ge)生(sheng)育期需水的(de)特點是“兩(liang)(liang)頭(tou)少,中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)多”即開花結果期是花生(sheng)需水的(de)高(gao)峰斯,應適時(shi)灌(guan)水。如(ru)播后發(fa)(fa)現種(zhong)(zhong)子有(you)“落(luo)干”或“芽干”的(de)危(wei)險,應及時(shi)小量的(de)灌(guan)一次齊(qi)(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)水“跑馬水”。
5、收獲(huo)(huo)與保(bao)管(guan)。 適時(shi)收獲(huo)(huo):及(ji)(ji)時(shi)收獲(huo)(huo)晾(liang)曬(shai)是(shi)保(bao)證花生(sheng)果(guo)免遭(zao)霜(shuang)凍(dong)霉爛(lan)的(de)(de)(de)重要環節(jie)。一般在9月20日前后開始收獲(huo)(huo),收獲(huo)(huo)時(shi)可采用人(ren)薅犁(li)趟,然后晾(liang)曬(shai),曬(shai)干后及(ji)(ji)時(shi)脫果(guo)。 妥(tuo)善(shan)保(bao)管(guan):花生(sheng)子仁(ren)含水量降到安全(quan)水后,選擇通風朝陽、地(di)勢高(gao)燥的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方,用秫秸(jie)穴子做(zuo)成賀囤保(bao)管(guan)。囤底墊上沙子,再墊上一尺厚的(de)(de)(de)玉米(mi)或(huo)高(gao)梁秸(jie),囤中豎(shu)一直徑為15-20cm粗的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)梁秸(jie)把(ba)直通囤底,上頭露(lu)出(chu)囤面,囤頂用草苫(shan)圍(wei)成賀錐(zhui)形,每囤貯果(guo)1500Kg。
6、生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄:記(ji)(ji)錄花生(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)情(qing)況(kuang)、病蟲害發生(sheng)情(qing)況(kuang)、技術措施、建立(li)花生(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)過程記(ji)(ji)錄檔(dang)案,記(ji)(ji)載投入品的名稱、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)目的、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方法、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量等(deng)。
六.包裝(zhuang)標(biao)識相關(guan)規(gui)定
地域范圍(wei)內的泰(tai)來(lai)花生農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包(bao)裝上使(shi)用(yong)已獲(huo)登(deng)記保(bao)護的農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志,須向(xiang)登(deng)記證書持有(you)人(ren)提出申請,并按照規(gui)范生產(chan)(chan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)志,統一在其(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或其(qi)(qi)包(bao)裝上統一使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志(泰(tai)來(lai)花生名(ming)稱和(he)公共標(biao)識圖案(an)組合標(biao)注形式)。