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甘南葵花籽
0 票數:0 #地方特產#
甘南葵花籽,黑龍江省甘南縣特產。籽實長錐型、色澤明亮、飽滿性好,空殼少,種皮多為白黑條紋,管狀花脫落部位有空隙便于嗑食,嗑食時果皮容易開裂為長條型,不易破碎。熟制后口感酥脆、香氣純正,籽實外觀均勻一致,是做炒貨的優質 原料。甘南葵花籽含有豐富的粗脂肪、粗蛋白質、粗纖維、礦物質和維生素E。以高產、優質、抗逆性強、口感和色澤好等優點,深受廣大客商和消費者的青睞。其商品在國內食用葵花市場占有較高份額。
  • 分類: 干(gan)貨堅果
  • 產地: 黑(hei)龍江省齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾市甘(gan)南縣
  • 農產品標志產品編號: AGI00379
  • 農產品標志證書持有者: 黑龍江(jiang)省甘(gan)南縣向(xiang)日葵研(yan)究(jiu)所
  • 農產品標志登記年份: 2010年
  • 參考網址:
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一.產品介紹

向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)是甘南縣(xian)的(de)(de)特(te)產。古籍記(ji)載(zai)向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)約在明朝時(shi)引入(ru)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),如(ru)(ru)今所(suo)知最(zui)早記(ji)載(zai)向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)的(de)(de)文獻為(wei)明朝人王象晉所(suo)著《群芳譜》。該書中尚無“向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)”一(yi)名(ming),只在“花(hua)譜三菊(ju)”中附“丈(zhang)(zhang)菊(ju)”之(zhi)稱,原文如(ru)(ru)下:“丈(zhang)(zhang)菊(ju)-名(ming)本(ben)番菊(ju)-名(ming)迎陽花(hua),莖長丈(zhang)(zhang)余,稈堅粗如(ru)(ru)竹,葉(xie)類麻,多直(zhi)生(sheng),雖有(you)分枝,只生(sheng)一(yi)花(hua)大如(ru)(ru)盤(pan)盂,單瓣色黃心(xin)皆(jie)作窠如(ru)(ru)蜂房狀,至秋漸紫(zi)黑而堅,取其子(zi)中之(zhi)甚易生(sheng)”。“向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)”之(zhi)名(ming),見于文震亨《長物志(zhi)》。早在十九世紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)代甘南縣(xian)已有(you)了(le)葵(kui)花(hua)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi),到(dao)二(er)十世紀50、60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代開始了(le)大面(mian)積種(zhong)植(zhi)。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)播(bo)種(zhong)面(mian)積達到(dao)了(le)80萬(wan)畝,占全(quan)省食用(yong)向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積的(de)(de)1/3,占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)食用(yong)向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積的(de)(de)1/10,總(zong)產達2.4億斤,銷售收入(ru)4.8億元(yuan),是全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)大的(de)(de)食用(yong)向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)生(sheng)產基(ji)(ji)地和銷售集散地。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue),甘南縣(xian)被(bei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)產之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)組委會命名(ming)為(wei)“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”,2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)以齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾港聯公司加工企(qi)業為(wei)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)4萬(wan)畝向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)加工原料基(ji)(ji)地通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)綠(lv)色食品發展中心(xin)認證(zheng)為(wei)A級綠(lv)色食品,2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)甘南葵(kui)花(hua)籽(zi)被(bei)核定為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)地理標志(zhi)保護產品,更將(jiang)甘南縣(xian)“向(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)葵(kui)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)”美譽名(ming)揚四海。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang):甘(gan)南(nan)縣地(di)勢北部、西部為丘陵漫(man)崗區(qu),以(yi)黑土(tu)(tu)為主(zhu), 東(dong)部及南(nan)部為平原區(qu),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要有(you)草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)(tu)、暗棕壤(rang)(rang)、黑鈣土(tu)(tu),以(yi)草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)(tu)面積較多,以(yi)中性(xing)粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)和砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)質草(cao)甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)(tu)為主(zhu),有(you)機(ji)質含量(liang)3.6%一(yi)4%,PH值在6.0—8.0之間,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含鹽量(liang)0.3%以(yi)下,肥(fei)力中等偏上。

(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:甘南縣屬嫩(nen)(nen)江和阿音河(he)(he)(he)谷沖積平(ping)原,地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較豐富,主要(yao)是砂礫石層及亞粘土的(de)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層厚度30~50米(mi),埋深(shen)3~5米(mi),降深(shen)5米(mi)的(de)單井日出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)2000~4000噸。全縣主要(yao)流域有一江三(san)河(he)(he)(he),即嫩(nen)(nen)江、音河(he)(he)(he)、阿倫河(he)(he)(he)、諾(nuo)敏河(he)(he)(he)。多年平(ping)均徑流深(shen)為60mm,徑流總量(liang)2,88億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),加之界外徑流進入(ru)我縣蓄(xu)存,地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)9.67億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),可(ke)利用(yong)量(liang)8.9億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),地(di)(di)下(xia)總蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)7.10立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),可(ke)開(kai)采量(liang)5.37億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。沿岸土壤較肥沃,是發(fa)展種(zhong)植業(ye)(ye)和牧業(ye)(ye)的(de)良(liang)好(hao)基地(di)(di)。 按照(zhao)《農用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)環境質量(liang)監(jian)測技術規范》(NY5332-2006)的(de)要(yao)求,對產地(di)(di)的(de)灌(guan)溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進行監(jian)測,評價(jia)結(jie)果表明,葵花產地(di)(di)灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)所監(jian)測項(xiang)目(mu)檢測值(zhi)均未(wei)見(jian)超標,判(pan)定(ding)灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質合格(ge)。

(3)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況:葵(kui)花種植區屬中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性(xing)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)455毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)2.6℃,日(ri)(ri)照時數為(wei)2600~2900小(xiao)時,無霜期為(wei)125~145天(tian)。有效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)2682.8℃,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大,利(li)于農(nong)作物碳水(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)合物和蛋白質的(de)(de)(de)合成,光(guang)熱(re)(re)資源充足,是(shi)(shi)黑龍江(jiang)省熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)好的(de)(de)(de)地區之一。該氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點為(wei)葵(kui)花的(de)(de)(de)生長發(fa)育提供了極(ji)其(qi)有利(li)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件。 四季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點是(shi)(shi): 春季(ji)(ji)(3—5月(yue)(yue)(yue))回暖快,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)少(shao),多(duo)大風(feng),易干旱。三月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)零(ling)下(xia)5.8℃,五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)13.5℃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)每月(yue)(yue)(yue)升溫(wen)(wen)10度左(zuo)右。3—5月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)49.2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)10.8%。 夏季(ji)(ji)(6-8)溫(wen)(wen)熱(re)(re)多(duo)雨。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)21.8℃,最(zui)熱(re)(re)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(7月(yue)(yue)(yue))平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27.3℃, 平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)28℃。全(quan)(quan)(quan)季(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)≥30℃日(ri)(ri)數,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)19天(tian)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang) 雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)324.4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),七月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達146.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。 秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(9—10月(yue)(yue)(yue))降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)明顯,秋(qiu)霜早,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)偏少(shao)多(duo)晴天(tian)。10月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)3.7℃,與(yu)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)13.1℃相比,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)10度左(zuo)右。9—10月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)69.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)15.3%。 冬季(ji)(ji)(11—2月(yue)(yue)(yue))嚴寒漫長,少(shao)雪干燥。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)初大地封凍(dong),嚴冬到來,冬季(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)零(ling)下(xia)14.7℃,最(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(1月(yue)(yue)(yue))平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)零(ling)下(xia)19.2度,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)零(ling)下(xia)24.5℃,全(quan)(quan)(quan)季(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)≤零(ling)下(xia)30℃日(ri)(ri)數平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)6天(tian),11-2月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),僅占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2.6%。年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)1499.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)3.3倍。五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)7倍。毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)113.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),主要(yao)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在6-9月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen),占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)83%,年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)1499.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)13倍,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)4.1。

(4)人(ren)文歷史情況:甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)位于黑龍江省(sheng)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu),大興(xing)安嶺南(nan)(nan)麓(lu)與松嫩平(ping)原(yuan)過(guo)渡地帶,是(shi)一個以種(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主(zhu)的縣(xian)份,為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家扶貧工(gong)作(zuo)重點(dian)縣(xian)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)幅(fu)員面積(ji)4792平(ping)方公(gong)里,耕地面積(ji)278萬畝(mu),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)37萬人(ren)口,其中(zhong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)口24萬。早在十(shi)九世(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)已有了(le)葵(kui)(kui)花(hua)的種(zhong)植(zhi),到二十(shi)世(shi)紀50、60年(nian)(nian)代(dai)開始了(le)大面積(ji)種(zhong)植(zhi),在種(zhong)植(zhi)葵(kui)(kui)花(hua)上有著(zhu)傳(chuan)統的種(zhong)植(zhi)習(xi)慣,并積(ji)累了(le)豐富的經驗。長(chang)期以來,甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)始終把選擇適宜我(wo)縣(xian)種(zhong)植(zhi),并能(neng)有效(xiao)抗御自然(ran)風險和市場(chang)(chang)風險的優勢作(zuo)物和優勢品(pin)種(zhong)作(zuo)為(wei)加快農(nong)村經濟發(fa)展(zhan)的一項重要工(gong)作(zuo)來抓。經過(guo)多年(nian)(nian)實踐,我(wo)縣(xian)確定發(fa)展(zhan)葵(kui)(kui)花(hua)為(wei)主(zhu)導作(zuo)物,并率(lv)先在1978年(nian)(nian)就成(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)日葵(kui)(kui)研(yan)究(jiu)所。該研(yan)究(jiu)所育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)有自主(zhu)知識產(chan)權的甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)葵(kui)(kui)系列向(xiang)日葵(kui)(kui)品(pin)種(zhong),甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)葵(kui)(kui)品(pin)種(zhong)不僅在甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)廣泛種(zhong)植(zhi),而(er)且已推廣至東北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)日葵(kui)(kui)產(chan)區,尤其是(shi)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)葵(kui)(kui)2號的育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)獲得(de)了(le)《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)第七(qi)屆楊凌高新技術博覽會后稷金(jin)像獎》、《齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾市政府科技進步一等(deng)獎》。2000年(nian)(nian)被中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特產(chan)之鄉(xiang)組委(wei)會命(ming)名為(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)向(xiang)日葵(kui)(kui)之鄉(xiang)”。2004年(nian)(nian)吸(xi)引來了(le)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)炒貨(huo)排(pai)行第三的內蒙古知心仁(ren)集團在甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)投資建廠。2005年(nian)(nian)又通過(guo)以商招(zhao)商的形式吸(xi)引來全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)炒貨(huo)排(pai)行第一的華泰集團(洽洽瓜子)來甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)做炒貨(huo)深加工(gong)。甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)政府把葵(kui)(kui)花(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)富民強縣(xian)的優勢主(zhu)導產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)得(de)以實現,并形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)+科研(yan)+基(ji)地(農(nong)產(chan))的發(fa)展(zhan)模式。甘(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)南(nan)(nan)葵(kui)(kui)花(hua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟支柱產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),以品(pin)牌為(wei)先鋒(feng),以科研(yan)為(wei)基(ji)礎,以公(gong)司為(wei)龍頭,以向(xiang)日葵(kui)(kui)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti),以市場(chang)(chang)為(wei)導向(xiang),形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan),基(ji)地化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan),龍頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)牽動,內引外聯(lian)拓寬市場(chang)(chang)的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)鏈條。

三.地域范圍

甘南(nan)葵花籽主要分(fen)布(bu)在齊齊哈爾市甘南(nan)縣(xian)甘南(nan)鎮(zhen)、中興鄉(xiang)、長山鄉(xiang)、音河鎮(zhen)、興隆鄉(xiang)、寶山鄉(xiang)、平(ping)陽(yang)鎮(zhen)、東陽(yang)鎮(zhen)、巨寶鎮(zhen)、查哈陽(yang)鄉(xiang),地域保護范(fan)圍面(mian)積(ji)35000公(gong)頃(qing),其中葵花生產(chan)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)15000公(gong)頃(qing),年產(chan)量12萬(wan)噸(dun)。。地處東經122°54′?6″--124°28′12″,北(bei)緯47°25′7″—48°32′5″,東鄰(lin)嫩江、諾(nuo)敏河與(yu)內(nei)蒙古的(de)莫旗(qi)及(ji)我省富(fu)裕、訥河相望,南(nan)與(yu)齊齊哈爾市區及(ji)龍(long)江為(wei)(wei)鄰(lin),西北(bei)以(yi)成吉思汗邊壕與(yu)內(nei)蒙阿榮旗(qi)和布(bu)旗(qi)為(wei)(wei)界。全縣(xian)轄五鄉(xiang)五鎮(zhen),95個行政村,611個自(zi)然屯,37萬(wan)人。幅員面(mian)積(ji)4792平(ping)方公(gong)里,其中:耕(geng)地278萬(wan)畝,草原(yuan)112萬(wan)畝,可(ke)供開發的(de)水(shui)面(mian)8.4萬(wan)畝。全縣(xian)水(shui)草豐(feng)盛(sheng)純凈,空氣清新,主水(shui)源(yuan)的(de)嫩江干流源(yuan)于大興安嶺,無污(wu)染源(yuan),水(shui)質好,水(shui)量充沛。

四.產品品質特性特征

(1)外在感官特(te)征:劃定區域范圍內的葵(kui)花籽(zi)(zi)(zi)為食(shi)用型(xing)(xing)葵(kui)花籽(zi)(zi)(zi),百粒重130g以上(shang)、籽(zi)(zi)(zi)仁率53%以上(shang)。籽(zi)(zi)(zi)實長(chang)錐型(xing)(xing)、色澤明(ming)亮、飽滿性好,空殼少(shao),種皮(pi)多(duo)為白黑條(tiao)(tiao)紋,管(guan)狀(zhuang)花脫落部位有空隙(xi)便于嗑食(shi),嗑食(shi)時(shi)果皮(pi)容(rong)易開(kai)裂為長(chang)條(tiao)(tiao)型(xing)(xing),不易破碎(sui)。熟制后口感酥脆、香氣純正,籽(zi)(zi)(zi)實外觀(guan)均勻一致(zhi),是做炒(chao)貨的優質 原料。

(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質指標(biao):甘南葵(kui)花(hua)籽含(han)有豐富的粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪、粗(cu)(cu)蛋白質、粗(cu)(cu)纖維(wei)、礦(kuang)物(wu)質和維(wei)生(sheng)素E。其(qi)中(zhong)粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪和粗(cu)(cu)蛋白質含(han)量(liang)配(pei)比適中(zhong),既(ji)保(bao)障了營養平衡配(pei)比,同時也保(bao)障了休閑食品(pin)的良(liang)好口感。每100kg葵(kui)花(hua)籽實(shi)產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong),粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)42%、粗(cu)(cu)蛋白含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)23%、粗(cu)(cu)纖維(wei)含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)1%、礦(kuang)物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)1%(其(qi)中(zhong)鉀(jia)含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)700mg/100g,鐵含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)4mg/100g,磷含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)750mg/100g)、氨基酸(suan)含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)25%(其(qi)中(zhong)谷氨酸(suan)含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)6%)、維(wei)生(sheng)素E含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)5mg/100g。

(3)安(an)全要求(qiu):產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境符合NY5332-2006無公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)。大田作物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境技(ji)術條件(jian),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全衛生(sheng)指標(biao)優(you)于(yu)國家標(biao)準。整個(ge)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程均按(an)照我(wo)市制定(ding)的無公害生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規(gui)程進(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)檢測符合NY5319-2006無公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)瓜子標(biao)準要求(qiu)。

五.特定生產方式

(1)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技術規程 ①范圍(wei) 本(ben)規程適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)甘南(nan)縣無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)向日葵(kui)(kui)生產(chan)(chan),規定了向日葵(kui)(kui)生產(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理(li)、選(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、選(xuan)茬、整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、田(tian)間(jian)管理(li)及(ji)收(shou)獲(huo)貯藏、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等技 術要(yao)求。 ②產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環境條(tiao)件  產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環境條(tiao)件應符合NY/T391要(yao)求。 A氣候 無(wu)(wu)(wu)霜期125天(tian)以上,年(nian)活動積溫2500℃以上,年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)450mm以上。 B土(tu)(tu)壤 產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤元素(su)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)背景(jing)值(zhi)正常(chang)區域(yu),周圍(wei)沒有金屬或(huo)非金屬礦山,無(wu)(wu)(wu)農藥(yao) 殘留污(wu)染,具(ju)有較高的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li),耕(geng)性良(liang)(liang)好(hao),土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚,排水(shui)(shui)良(liang)(liang)好(hao),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平川(chuan)漫崗,有機質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)3.5%以上,PH值(zhi)為6.5—7.5。 ③產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)構成指標:每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃收(shou)向日葵(kui)(kui)盤19000—20000個(ge)。單盤實(shi)粒(li)數1079—1168個(ge)。百粒(li)重13.6—14.0g。 ④種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子選(xuan)用(yong)處理(li) 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇:甘葵(kui)(kui)二(er)號(hao)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子純(chun)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)98%,凈度不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)98%,發(fa)(fa)芽率不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90%,含(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)高于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)12%。播(bo)前10天(tian)進行發(fa)(fa)芽試驗。播(bo)前4—5天(tian)進行人工精選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,并曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2—3天(tian)。土(tu)(tu)壤有效鋅每(mei)千克小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5mg/kg時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),補硫酸鋅1.5kg/畝。 ⑤選(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、選(xuan)茬與(yu)整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di) 選(xuan)擇耕(geng)層(ceng)深(shen)厚、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較高、保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)及(ji)排水(shui)(shui)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)。優先(xian)選(xuan)擇小麥(mai)、玉(yu)米(mi)、馬鈴薯(shu)茬,輪作期限(xian)5—7年(nian)。秋翻(fan)起壟,耕(geng)深(shen)20--23cm,達(da)到(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)漏(lou)(lou)耕(geng)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)立垡、無(wu)(wu)(wu)坷垃、及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夾施(shi)(shi)農肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)起壟,耕(geng)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)(ya),壟距70--75cm。 ⑥施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 結(jie)合整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃施(shi)(shi)用(yong)腐熟優質(zhi)農肥(fei)(fei)(fei)30—45立方米(mi)、施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)經(jing)批準使用(yong)的(de)(de)適量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃100—150kg尿素(su)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葵(kui)(kui)花(hua)現(xian)蕾期追肥(fei)(fei)(fei),杜絕用(yong)硝(xiao)態氮。每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃施(shi)(shi)磷(lin)酸二(er)銨187.5kg結(jie)合整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)做種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)底(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)。每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃施(shi)(shi)硫酸鉀35--50kg做底(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),施(shi)(shi)用(yong)硼肥(fei)(fei)(fei)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)硼肥(fei)(fei)(fei)7.5kg(硫酸鉀中(zhong)氧(yang)化(hua)鉀含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)50%)。 ⑦播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為了躲過結(jie)實(shi)期的(de)(de)降雨高峰,降低(di)(di)菌核病(bing)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)率,減少危(wei)害(hai),一般(ban)在(zai)5月 10—15日播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。土(tu)(tu)壤含(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)20%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)坐水(shui)(shui)埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),高于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)22%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直接(jie)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)深(shen)5—7厘米(mi),做到(dao)(dao)深(shen)淺一致,覆土(tu)(tu)均勻,鎮(zhen)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)(hou)達(da)到(dao)(dao)4—5厘米(mi)。公(gong)(gong)頃保(bao)(bao)苗19000—20000株(zhu)。埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)播(bo)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)(ya);坐水(shui)(shui)埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)隔日鎮(zhen)壓(ya)(ya),機械播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨播(bo)隨鎮(zhen)壓(ya)(ya),做到(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)漏(lou)(lou)壓(ya)(ya)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)拖堆。 ⑧田(tian)間(jian)管理(li) 出(chu)苗后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)查田(tian),發(fa)(fa)現(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)缺苗斷條(tiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),立即定向坐水(shui)(shui)帶土(tu)(tu)補栽(zai)。一對真葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)苗,兩對真葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定苗。出(chu)苗后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行鏟前深(shen)松(song)或(huo)趟(tang)一犁(li)。視土(tu)(tu)壤墑(di)情于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葵(kui)(kui)花(hua)現(xian)蕾期至花(hua)期及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌溉。鏟頭遍地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)后(hou)(hou),每(mei)隔10天(tian)左右鏟趟(tang)一次,做到(dao)(dao)三(san)鏟三(san)趟(tang)。輔助授粉,增(zeng)放蜂(feng)源,每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃放蜂(feng)兩箱或(huo)人工輔助受粉。 ⑨病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治 防(fang)(fang)治向日葵(kui)(kui)螟:當(dang)向日葵(kui)(kui)螟成蟲(chong)盛(sheng)發(fa)(fa)期每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)赤眼蜂(feng)卡90個(ge),間(jian)隔3天(tian)分(fen)兩期均勻分(fen)布,用(yong)曲別針別在(zai)葉片的(de)(de)背部,利(li)(li)用(yong)赤眼蜂(feng)進行寄生葵(kui)(kui)螟蟲(chong)卵。菌核病(bing)防(fang)(fang)治:畝用(yong)50%乙稀菌核利(li)(li)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃750g噴霧。 ⑩收(shou)獲(huo) 莖稈、花(hua)盤背部變(bian)黃(huang)褐色,舌狀(zhuang)花(hua)凋萎,筒(tong)狀(zhuang)花(hua)枯(ku)萎,籽(zi)實(shi)外(wai)殼(ke)變(bian)硬,現(xian)本(ben)色時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)獲(huo)。收(shou)盤后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)脫粒(li),嚴防(fang)(fang)大堆堆放捂(wu)籽(zi)。脫粒(li)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晾(liang)曬脫水(shui)(shui),嚴防(fang)(fang)捂(wu)堆。水(shui)(shui)分(fen)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)12%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),凈度達(da)95%時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),入(ru)(ru)庫(ku)保(bao)(bao)存或(huo)銷售。

(2)初級加工規程 原料(liao)預處(chu)理(li)--振篩(shai)--煮制(zhi)(zhi)--炕(kang)制(zhi)(zhi)--復烤--外噴香(xiang)(xiang)精--精揀--包裝 ①振篩(shai) A標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)籽(zi)(zi)(zi):大小(xiao)、色澤均一(yi)(yi),顆粒(li)(li)(li)飽滿,氣味(wei)正常。小(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤6%,癟籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤1%,雜質(zhi)(zhi)≤1%,霉變(bian)(bian)≤4%,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)霉變(bian)(bian)結(jie)團現(xian)象;B小(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)(zi):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大籽(zi)(zi)(zi) 標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤2% 小(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤5%;C癟籽(zi)(zi)(zi):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大籽(zi)(zi)(zi);D千粒(li)(li)(li)重(zhong):130g以(yi)上。 ②煮制(zhi)(zhi) 瓜(gua)(gua)子殼白色斑紋上色并呈棕灰色,含水(shui)量45%以(yi)上,瓜(gua)(gua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)面(mian)脫皮(pi)(pi)現(xian)象不(bu)(bu)得大于1/10,入味(wei)充分(fen),甜(tian)(tian)咸(xian)適中,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)酸、發(fa)苦(ku)現(xian)象,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異味(wei)。 ③炕(kang)制(zhi)(zhi)色澤正常,甜(tian)(tian)咸(xian)適中,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)焦糊(hu)(hu)味(wei),火侯偏(pian)(pian)(pian)老≤1%,皮(pi)(pi)軟≤5%,粘牙≤20%。 ④復烤 香(xiang)(xiang)精味(wei)噴撒均勻,復烤后的(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua)子無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)焦糊(hu)(hu)味(wei),偏(pian)(pian)(pian)老≤3%,皮(pi)(pi)軟≤0.5%,粘 牙≤3%,甜(tian)(tian)咸(xian)適度(du),有(you)香(xiang)(xiang)瓜(gua)(gua)子特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)。 ⑤精選 A顏色:色澤一(yi)(yi)致(zhi),基本保持葵花(hua)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)原有(you)色澤。 B形態:顆粒(li)(li)(li)齊整,大小(xiao)均勻,籽(zi)(zi)(zi)粒(li)(li)(li)飽滿。 C籽(zi)(zi)(zi)仁:呈牙黃色。 D口(kou)味(wei):口(kou)感酥脆、甜(tian)(tian)咸(xian)味(wei)適中,香(xiang)(xiang)氣純正、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)異味(wei)。焦黃色、焦糊(hu)(hu)味(wei)、口(kou)感發(fa)硬(ying)、皮(pi)(pi)軟、粘牙、香(xiang)(xiang)氣不(bu)(bu)協調(diao)、偏(pian)(pian)(pian)咸(xian)、偏(pian)(pian)(pian)甜(tian)(tian)、有(you)苦(ku)味(wei)、酸味(wei)、澀味(wei)、口(kou)感單(dan)薄的(de)(de)(de)為不(bu)(bu)合格(ge)品(pin)。 E合格(ge)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)量指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)要求如下: 千粒(li)(li)(li)重(zhong)≥130g;蟲(chong)眼≤0.1%;霉變(bian)(bian)≤4%小(xiao)籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤10%;癟籽(zi)(zi)(zi)≤1%;殘(can)損: 無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu); 皮(pi)(pi)軟≤0.5%;粘牙≤3%;焦糊(hu)(hu)味(wei):無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu);火侯偏(pian)(pian)(pian)老≤1%;口(kou)感發(fa)硬(ying)≤10%;脫皮(pi)(pi)(超(chao)過整個瓜(gua)(gua)子面(mian)1/3)≤4%。 ⑥包裝 A計量:應符合公司允許的(de)(de)(de)稱量范圍; B封(feng)口(kou):整齊無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外露現(xian)象,袋內(nei)(nei)氣體(ti)應熱排出,袋身(shen)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鼓脹現(xian)象,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)燙化、虛封(feng)、皺折、夾卡現(xian)象;瓜(gua)(gua)子的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)必須(xu)低于40℃方可(ke)包裝; C印(yin)章:印(yin)章必須(xu)在(zai)指(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)位置,平行整齊,不(bu)(bu)得出現(xian)歪(wai)斜、倒刻、漏刻及(ji)錯刻現(xian)象; D噴碼:字(zi)體(ti)不(bu)(bu)得有(you)歪(wai)斜、變(bian)(bian)形現(xian)象,不(bu)(bu)得漏噴,字(zi)體(ti)大小(xiao),間(jian)距統一(yi)(yi); E箱內(nei)(nei)外規格(ge)、生產(chan)日期必須(xu)相符,統一(yi)(yi),不(bu)(bu)同日期不(bu)(bu)得混裝; F箱體(ti)封(feng)口(kou)平整,松緊適中。

六.包裝標識相關規定

地(di)域范(fan)(fan)圍內的(de)生(sheng)產經營企業要(yao)按照(zhao)《農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)識使用(yong)(yong)規范(fan)(fan)》的(de)要(yao)求和農(nong)業部(bu)農(nong)產品(pin)質量安全中心公(gong)共標(biao)識授(shou)權規定,在產品(pin)或產品(pin)包裝上(shang)正確使用(yong)(yong)全國統一的(de)公(gong)共標(biao)識。應建立標(biao)識使用(yong)(yong)管理(li)制度,對標(biao)識的(de)使用(yong)(yong)情況如(ru)實記錄,登記造冊并存檔,存期(qi)三年。葵(kui)花(hua)籽(zi)在運輸的(de)過程中要(yao)遵守(shou)有關規定,運輸要(yao)合理(li)。

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