吉林長白山人參,是人參的一個品種,主要生長于吉林長白山地區。多年生(sheng)草本;地(di)下莖年生(sheng)一節(jie)(jie),組成合(he)軸式的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)狀(zhuang)莖;年節(jie)(jie)緊縮成直(zhi)立或(huo)(huo)斜生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)短(duan)根(gen)狀(zhuang)莖,或(huo)(huo)節(jie)(jie)間(jian)粗短(duan)形成匍匐(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)竹鞭(bian)狀(zhuang)根(gen)狀(zhuang)莖,或(huo)(huo)節(jie)(jie)間(jian)細長形成橫臥的(de)(de)(de)(de)串珠(zhu)狀(zhuang)根(gen)狀(zhuang)莖。根(gen)不膨(peng)大,纖維狀(zhuang),或(huo)(huo)膨(peng)大成紡錘(chui)形或(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)柱形的(de)(de)(de)(de)肉質根(gen)。地(di)上(shang)莖單(dan)生(sheng),直(zhi)立,基(ji)部有(you)鱗(lin)片。葉(xie)為掌(zhang)狀(zhuang)復葉(xie),輪生(sheng)于莖頂(ding),有(you)葉(xie)柄(bing),無托(tuo)(tuo)葉(xie),稀有(you)托(tuo)(tuo)葉(xie)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)兩(liang)性(xing)或(huo)(huo)雜性(xing),聚生(sheng)為傘形花(hua)(hua)(hua)序;傘形花(hua)(hua)(hua)序單(dan)個(ge)頂(ding)生(sheng),稀有(you)一至(zhi)數個(ge)側生(sheng)小傘形花(hua)(hua)(hua)序;兩(liang)性(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)和雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗間(jian)有(you)關節(jie)(jie);萼筒邊緣有(you)5個(ge)小齒;花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣5,離(li)生(sheng),稀合(he)生(sheng),在(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)芽中覆(fu)瓦狀(zhuang)排列;雄蕊(rui)5,花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短(duan),花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥卵形或(huo)(huo)長圓(yuan)形;子房(fang)2室,有(you)時3-4室,稀5室;花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱2,有(you)時3-4,稀5,或(huo)(huo)在(zai)雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)不育雌蕊(rui)上(shang)退(tui)化為1條,離(li)生(sheng)或(huo)(huo)基(ji)部合(he)生(sheng);花(hua)(hua)(hua)盤肉質,環形。果(guo)實扁球(qiu)形,有(you)時三(san)角狀(zhuang)球(qiu)形或(huo)(huo)近球(qiu)形。種子2或(huo)(huo)3粒,稀4粒,側扁或(huo)(huo)三(san)角狀(zhuang)卵形。
人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)為(wei)五(wu)加科,人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)屬植物,通常所(suo)說的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)是指其干燥根(gen)。吉(ji)林長(chang)白山人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)分類(lei)頗為(wei)詳細,一(yi)般來說,有按栽培(pei)方式命名(ming)的(de),如(ru)(ru)野(ye)山參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、移山參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、栽培(pei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)等;有按產地不同而命名(ming)的(de),如(ru)(ru)吉(ji)林人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、石柱人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can);有按炮制方法命名(ming)的(de),如(ru)(ru)紅(hong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、白糖參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、生曬參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)等;也有兩(liang)種(zhong)情況兼顧的(de),如(ru)(ru)高麗紅(hong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、吉(ji)林野(ye)山參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)、集安新開河人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)等。吉(ji)林長(chang)白山野(ye)山參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)以其形美、質堅硬,斷面(mian)皮部顯裂隙,形成層明(ming)顯,氣(qi)微(wei)(wei)香(xiang),味(wei)微(wei)(wei)苦(ku)且甘被譽為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)中珍品。吉(ji)林長(chang)白山紅(hong)參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)以其質硬而脆(cui),斷面(mian)平坦,氣(qi)微(wei)(wei)香(xiang),味(wei)微(wei)(wei)苦(ku)且甘及有效成份含(han)量較(jiao)高聞(wen)名(ming)遐(xia)爾(er)。