靖州楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅是指(zhi)分(fen)布(bu)于靖州地區的(de)楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅種群(qun),包含栽植楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅。具(ju)有(you)色澤呈烏,果(guo)實大等特點(dian)。一(yi)提起靖州,人(ren)們第一(yi)印象就(jiu)是楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅。靖州楊(yang)(yang)(yang)梅已有(you)上千年(nian)的(de)栽培史。
產(chan)品品質特性特征外在感官特征:果實較大(da),平均單產(chan)重11.6克,最(zui)大(da)單果可(ke)達30克,果實肉質多,果核小,果實球形,果頂有放(fang)射狀溝,直達果實中部,肉柱園鈍,有油浸似光(guang)澤,其色由紅轉烏,味甜(tian)酸(suan)可(ke)口(kou).色艷(yan)、肉厚(hou)多汁、品質優秀(xiu),含(han)可(ke)溶性固形物10%-14%,總酸(suan)度0.9%-1.5%,蔗糖≥8.3%,維生(sheng)素C≥25mg/Kg。不(bu)僅營養豐富,還有提神開胃(wei)功能。
常綠灌木或小喬木。樹皮灰色(se)(se)(se);小枝近于無毛(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)革質,倒卵(luan)狀披針形(xing)或例(li)卵(luan)狀長(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)6—11厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬 1.5-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),全緣(yuan),背面(mian)密生(sheng)金(jin)黃色(se)(se)(se)腺體。花(hua)單(dan)(dan)性異株;雄(xiong)花(hua)序穗狀,單(dan)(dan)生(sheng)或數(shu)條(tiao)叢生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)腋,長(chang)(chang)(chang)1—2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi);小苞片(pian)(pian)半圓形(xing),雄(xiong)蕊4—6;雌(ci)花(hua)序單(dan)(dan)生(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)腋,長(chang)(chang)(chang) 5—15毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),密生(sheng)覆瓦狀苞片(pian)(pian),每苞片(pian)(pian)有1雌(ci)花(hua),雌(ci)花(hua)有小苞片(pian)(pian)4;子(zi)房卵(luan)形(xing)。核果(guo)球形(xing),直徑(jing)10-15毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),有小疣狀突起,熟時深紅(hong)(hong)、紫紅(hong)(hong)成白色(se)(se)(se),味(wei)甜酸。 花(hua)期(qi)4月,果(guo)期(qi)6—7月。果(guo)實為著名(ming)(ming)水(shui)果(guo),是(shi)江、浙(zhe)名(ming)(ming)產(chan),有很多栽培品種它(ta)以色(se)(se)(se)澤呈烏(wu)、酸甜適度、果(guo)大核小、品質優良、營養豐富而著稱。《靖(jing)州(zhou)鄉土志》詩云:"木洞楊(yang)梅尤擅名(ming)(ming),申園梨栗亦爭鳴,百錢且得論攤買,恨不移(yi)根植上京。"清代,靖(jing)州(zhou)楊(yang)梅是(shi)朝圣的貢品。
產品介紹
清嘉慶十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1806)2月,本(ben)(ben)縣(xian)坳上(shang)(shang)鄉木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)洞(dong)(dong)村(cun)農(nong)民(min)周道(dao)宏在本(ben)(ben)村(cun)上(shang)(shang)沖界用(yong)品質優良的野生楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)枝條作(zuo)接穗,劈接在當地的野生楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)幼樹上(shang)(shang),育成個大(da)色(se)鮮(xian)、肉厚(hou)多汁(zhi)、酸甜(tian)適度、風味(wei)獨特的木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)洞(dong)(dong)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)。光緒三(san)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(1908)《靖州鄉土(tu)志(zhi)》稱木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)洞(dong)(dong)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)為(wei):“結實大(da)如酒(jiu)杯,紅(hong)深轉烏色(se),五月熟,味(wei)甚佳,多甘而不酸”。年(nian)(nian)產(chan)1000石。并刊(kan)載七絕詩篇贊(zan)曰:“木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)洞(dong)(dong)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)尤擅(shan)名(ming),申園梨栗亦爭(zheng)鳴。百(bai)錢且(qie)得論攤買,恨不移根植上(shang)(shang)京”。新中(zhong)國成立后,縣(xian)農(nong)業部(bu)門(men)組織專職技術人員對木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)洞(dong)(dong)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)進行考察和繁(fan)殖(zhi)、栽(zai)培、加工等綜(zong)合(he)性試驗(yan)研(yan)究(jiu),改(gai)變(bian)了“木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)洞(dong)(dong)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)只產(chan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)洞(dong)(dong)”的狀況,促其大(da)發展。產(chan)地擴大(da)到全縣(xian),由50年(nian)(nian)代(1958年(nian)(nian))410畝總產(chan)8.8萬公斤到80年(nian)(nian)代(1988年(nian)(nian))3100畝總產(chan)30萬公斤。
地域范圍
“靖州(zhou)楊(yang)梅”農產(chan)品地理標志(zhi)地域保(bao)護范圍包(bao)括靖州(zhou)縣坳上、甘棠、大(da)堡子、三(san)秋、艮(gen)山口、飛(fei)山、鋪口、藕(ou)團、平(ping)茶(cha)、新廠、橫江(jiang)橋、江(jiang)東(dong)、寨牙(ya)、文溪、渠陽(yang)等(deng)16個(ge)鄉鎮(管委會)的(de)52個(ge)村,東(dong)抵(di)綏寧,西鄰貴(gui)州(zhou)錦屏,北抵(di)會同(tong)縣,南與通(tong)道(dao)縣相接,地理坐標為東(dong)經109°14′14″至109°56′36″,北緯26°15′25″至26°47′35″。總面積2800公頃(qing),年產(chan)量(liang)8600噸。