發展歷史
僑立公醫院(yuan)于1932年由旅美(mei)華僑蕭悔(hui)塵創(chuang)辦(ban),海外華僑及(ji)各界人士捐資興建。歷經2年建筑于1934年正式落成使用,它是中(zhong)山最早的西(xi)醫院(yuan)。
1949年(nian)10月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)國成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)后(hou),僑立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)醫院(yuan)(yuan)改(gai)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)委(wei)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)大樓(lou)。1950年(nian)3月僑立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)醫院(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)衛生(sheng)院(yuan)(yuan)合并,后(hou)擴(kuo)充為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)醫院(yuan)(yuan),亦(yi)即現中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)醫院(yuan)(yuan)的前身(shen)。1984年(nian)9月,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)文(wen)化(hua)局成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)籌備(bei)(bei)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi),由局黨組書記甘棠兼任籌備(bei)(bei)辦(ban)(ban)主任。1984年(nian)9月28日,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府同意成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan),把原僑立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)醫院(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(地下)撥(bo)給市(shi)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)使用。1986年(nian)10月,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)第二期改(gai)建(jian)工程。1999年(nian),政府投入(ru)資金(jin)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)大樓(lou)進行了(le)裝(zhuang)修改(gai)造,外(wai)墻和(he)(he)內墻重新油漆,維護灰塑等建(jian)筑裝(zhuang)飾,配備(bei)(bei)了(le)專門的給排水、電氣、消(xiao)防、空調、信(xin)息、監控等系統設(she)備(bei)(bei),展覽(lan)場所(suo)和(he)(he)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)場所(suo)得(de)到很(hen)大的改(gai)善。2004年(nian),僑立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)醫院(yuan)(yuan)被(bei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)布為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)不可(ke)移(yi)動(dong)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。2005年(nian)6月底,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館(guan)(guan)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)恒溫恒濕文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庫房的建(jian)設(she)。
建筑布局
中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)市博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館(Zhongshan City Museum)是(shi)一座(zuo)國有(you)地級綜合性博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館,隸屬廣東省中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)市文化(hua)廣電新聞出版局(ju)。中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)市博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館現(xian)(xian)設有(you):中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)美術館、中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)·中(zhong)(zhong)國收音機博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館、香山(shan)(shan)商業文化(hua)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館。占(zhan)地面(mian)積700平(ping)方(fang)米,建(jian)筑面(mian)積2000平(ping)方(fang)米。該址原(yuan)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)僑立公醫(yi)院(yuan),坐(zuo)南(nan)向北,為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)西合璧的(de)庭院(yuan)建(jian)筑,包括有(you)主(zhu)樓(lou)、附樓(lou)和(he)花園(現(xian)(xian)已改為(wei)球場)。中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)市博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館所在地為(wei)原(yuan)醫(yi)院(yuan)主(zhu)樓(lou),平(ping)面(mian)“凸”字形,為(wei)鋼(gang)筋水泥三層(ceng)建(jian)筑,白色(se)外墻,中(zhong)(zhong)式綠色(se)琉璃(li)瓦屋頂,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)保存最好的(de)近(jin)現(xian)(xian)代醫(yi)療衛生類華僑建(jian)筑。
技術人員
中(zhong)山市(shi)博物(wu)館(guan)(guan)共有(you)專業(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術人員共20名,高(gao)級(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術職(zhi)稱者1人,中(zhong)級(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術職(zhi)稱者7人,初級(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術職(zhi)稱者12人,本科(ke)以上(shang)學歷人員17人。近幾年來,中(zhong)山市(shi)博物(wu)館(guan)(guan)公(gong)開(kai)出版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)專業(ye)(ye)書(shu)籍3本,參(can)與(yu)編(bian)輯出版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)畫(hua)(hua)冊4本,參(can)與(yu)編(bian)輯出版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)叢(cong)書(shu)1輯,并公(gong)開(kai)發(fa)表論(lun)文15篇,其中(zhong)公(gong)開(kai)出版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)專業(ye)(ye)書(shu)籍有(you)《中(zhong)山歷史(shi)文物(wu)圖集(ji)》、《中(zhong)山老行業(ye)(ye)》、《雕梁畫(hua)(hua)棟(dong)嶺南風——中(zhong)山古(gu)建筑藝術圖集(ji)》;參(can)與(yu)編(bian)輯出版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)畫(hua)(hua)冊有(you)《方成(cheng)藏書(shu)畫(hua)(hua)集(ji)》、《方成(cheng)水墨畫(hua)(hua)集(ji)》、《館(guan)(guan)藏中(zhong)山籍書(shu)畫(hua)(hua)家(jia)作(zuo)品選》、《余(yu)菊庵書(shu)畫(hua)(hua)集(ji)》;參(can)與(yu)編(bian)輯出版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)叢(cong)書(shu)為《中(zhong)山市(shi)歷史(shi)文化叢(cong)書(shu)》。2004年底至2005年初,中(zhong)山市(shi)博物(wu)館(guan)(guan)與(yu)廣東省文物(wu)考古(gu)研(yan)究所聯合對南朗龍穴遺址進行了考古(gu)發(fa)掘,發(fa)掘簡報發(fa)表在《四(si)川文物(wu)》2005年第(di)4期(qi)。
館藏文物
中(zhong)山市博(bo)物館成(cheng)立后(hou),開展了(le)對中(zhong)山境內的(de)文(wen)(wen)物普查、征集和發掘等(deng)工作,先后(hou)發現了(le)龍穴遺(yi)址、白水井遺(yi)址等(deng)一(yi)批(pi)新(xin)石(shi)器(qi)時期、商周、戰國(guo)(guo)、漢代的(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)存和遺(yi)物點。經國(guo)(guo)家文(wen)(wen)物局批(pi)準,1990年12月至(zhi)1991年1月,中(zhong)山市博(bo)物館與廣(guang)東(dong)省考(kao)古(gu)(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)所、中(zhong)山市文(wen)(wen)管辦一(yi)起對龍穴遺(yi)址進行考(kao)古(gu)(gu)發掘,出土(tu)了(le)一(yi)批(pi)彩陶器(qi)、夾沙陶器(qi)、石(shi)器(qi)等(deng)珍貴文(wen)(wen)物,其中(zhong)彩陶圈(quan)足盤、彩陶碗等(deng)彩陶器(qi)是(shi)珠江三角(jiao)洲地區(qu)較有代表(biao)性的(de)彩陶器(qi),為(wei)研(yan)究(jiu)珠江三角(jiao)洲地區(qu)古(gu)(gu)代文(wen)(wen)化(hua)面(mian)貌提供了(le)寶貴的(de)實物資料。
館藏文(wen)(wen)物(wu)以地(di)方(fang)出土(tu)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)為主(zhu),主(zhu)要有陶器(qi)、瓷器(qi)、銅器(qi)、名人字畫、革命(ming)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)等幾大類。
近年(nian)舉辦(ban)和(he)(he)引進了(le)“中(zhong)山出土(tu)文物展”、“館藏(zang)書(shu)畫(hua)(hua)展”、“廣東省陶瓷藏(zang)品(pin)聯(lian)展”、“方成捐贈名家書(shu)畫(hua)(hua)展”、“秦始皇(huang)兵馬俑展”、“大(da)唐雄風——唐太宗昭陵寶藏(zang)展”、“廣東清代(dai)貢品(pin)展”、“遠古的呼喚——恐龍及古生物化(hua)石展”等一(yi)大(da)批知識性(xing)、思想性(xing)、趣味性(xing)強(qiang)的展覽,并結(jie)合(he)地(di)方實(shi)際,積極(ji)發(fa)揮愛國主(zhu)義(yi)教育基(ji)地(di)的作用,送展下(xia)鄉、到(dao)學校,受(shou)到(dao)了(le)社(she)會廣泛的認同和(he)(he)贊(zan)賞。
展覽與藏品
清咸(xian)豐木(mu)刻敕命匾
長方形,由中部方形木(mu)(mu)板和(he)四周(zhou)(zhou)匾(bian)(bian)框組合(he)而成。周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)匾(bian)(bian)框浮雕六條(tiao)龍,正(zheng)中木(mu)(mu)板陽刻漢、滿兩種(zhong)文字,貼金,木(mu)(mu)刻精(jing)美。
明嘉靖鳳鳥紋銅豆(dou)
直口,深(shen)腹,高圈足(zu),腹有(you)鳳(feng)鳥紋,圈足(zu)有(you)回(hui)紋,腹有(you)“嘉靖二年秋(qiu)香山教諭顏階奉(feng)提學副使(shi)魏命造(zao)”銘文。
清光緒五彩二十四孝紋大瓶
盤(pan)口,直頸,溜肩(jian),直壁,圈足,器(qi)身飾(shi)五彩人(ren)物山(shan)水圖案。
戰國方(fang)格紋(wen)四耳陶(tao)罐(guan)
戰(zhan)國。泥質灰陶,小直口,矮頸,寬折肩,深(shen)腹內收,平底,肩部邊緣貼(tie)附(fu)四個橋形耳(er),耳(er)兩側各貼(tie)附(fu)一枚(mei)乳(ru)針(zhen),肩中部貼(tie)附(fu)四組乳(ru)釘,肩飾(shi)刻劃凹弦紋(wen)與(yu)柵紋(wen)、腹飾(shi)方格紋(wen)。
明(ming)正德(de)青(qing)花魚藻紋大缸
圓唇,斂(lian)口,鼓肩,斜弧腹,矮圈足(zu),肩部飾(shi)青花花卉(hui)紋,腹部飾(shi)青花魚(yu)藻圖案(an),底(di)露(lu)胎。
所獲榮譽
中山市(shi)博物館自1984成立(li)以來累計舉(ju)(ju)辦(ban)(ban)陳列展(zhan)覽(lan)200多個,展(zhan)出地點除了本館外(wai),還送(song)展(zhan)到各個鎮(zhen)區和學校進行巡展(zhan)。近三年(nian)來利用現有館藏(zang)資源、引進展(zhan)覽(lan)、合作辦(ban)(ban)展(zhan)等多種辦(ban)(ban)展(zhan)方式(shi),每年(nian)舉(ju)(ju)辦(ban)(ban)臨時展(zhan)覽(lan)10個以上,總計參觀人數約(yue)25萬(wan)人次。
中山市博(bo)物館通過多(duo)種合法途徑(jing)拓寬藏(zang)品獲(huo)得(de)渠道。有考古(gu)(gu)調查采集、考古(gu)(gu)發(fa)掘出(chu)土,有廣(guang)東省文(wen)管會(hui)調撥(bo)、中山市圖書(shu)(shu)館和中山市公(gong)安局移交,有單(dan)位、個人捐贈及向廣(guang)州市文(wen)物總(zong)店及收藏(zang)家手(shou)中購(gou)買。截止2008年底,現有各類文(wen)物8000余件(jian)/套。主(zhu)要(yao)以地(di)方文(wen)物為主(zhu),主(zhu)要(yao)有石器(qi)、陶器(qi)、瓷(ci)器(qi)、銅器(qi)、書(shu)(shu)畫、錢(qian)幣等類。
中(zhong)山(shan)美(mei)術館于2002年11月建成投入使用,為(wei)中(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)有(you)史以來的(de)(de)第一座(zuo)美(mei)術館,位于西區岐江公園(yuan)內,是一座(zuo)樓(lou)高(gao)兩層、鋼結(jie)構(gou)、擁有(you)2000平方米展廳的(de)(de)具有(you)歐洲先鋒(feng)派的(de)(de)美(mei)學意念(nian)及后工業時代特色的(de)(de)建筑(zhu),它將在提(ti)高(gao)中(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)的(de)(de)城市(shi)文(wen)化品(pin)位,培育高(gao)雅的(de)(de)藝(yi)術氛(fen)圍,促進文(wen)化藝(yi)術事業發展,向(xiang)市(shi)民提(ti)供多元化的(de)(de)業余文(wen)化生活等方面發揮重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。正式(shi)對外開放后先后舉辦了“中(zhong)日書(shu)法家作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)交流(liu)展”、“中(zhong)山(shan)籍著名(ming)漫畫家作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)展”、“館藏中(zhong)山(shan)籍名(ming)家書(shu)畫作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)展”等高(gao)雅的(de)(de)藝(yi)術展覽。
香山(shan)商(shang)業文化(hua)博物館(guan)于(yu)2006年(nian)1月17日(ri)正式對外(wai)開放,位于(yu)孫文西路文化(hua)旅(lv)游步(bu)(bu)行街(jie)內(nei)(nei),該(gai)館(guan)將集文化(hua)和(he)旅(lv)游為一(yi)體,主(zhu)要(yao)展(zhan)示中(zhong)山(shan)早期(以(yi)清末民初為主(zhu))商(shang)貿發展(zhan)和(he)商(shang)業歷史文化(hua)的(de)演變(bian)脈絡。它(ta)的(de)建成將大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高和(he)豐富(fu)文化(hua)旅(lv)游步(bu)(bu)行街(jie)的(de)文化(hua)積(ji)淀和(he)內(nei)(nei)涵,進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)激發中(zhong)山(shan)人的(de)愛國愛鄉之情。
中(zhong)山·中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)收音(yin)(yin)機博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館于(yu)2005年5月18日建成(cheng)(cheng)并正(zheng)式對外試展(zhan)開放,位于(yu)市博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館副樓,它的建成(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)現了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)收音(yin)(yin)機歷史,展(zhan)示(shi)收音(yin)(yin)機文化(hua),成(cheng)(cheng)為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)首家收音(yin)(yin)機博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館,填(tian)補中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)收音(yin)(yin)機歷史的空(kong)白,是(shi)中(zhong)山市特色博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館建設的一個重要成(cheng)(cheng)果。