千佛(fo)(fo)山(shan)興國(guo)禪寺(si)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東著名佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)古寺(si),位(wei)于濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)市南(nan)(nan),坐(zuo)落于千佛(fo)(fo)山(shan)半(ban)山(shan)腰,現為(wei)(wei)濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)市佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)所在地,1983年被確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)142所漢傳佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)全國(guo)重點寺(si)院之一。
興國(guo)(guo)禪寺始建(jian)(jian)于唐貞(zhen)觀(guan)年(nian)(nian)間(627—649年(nian)(nian)),被稱為(wei)千佛山首剎(cha)。宋代時,興國(guo)(guo)禪寺又加擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)。明成化四年(nian)(nian)(1468年(nian)(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian),大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)、天(tian)王殿(dian)(dian)及僧寮、庫房等(deng)(deng)全部予以(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)修,殿(dian)(dian)內塑釋(shi)迦牟尼(ni)、地(di)藏王菩薩(sa)、十(shi)八羅(luo)漢、四大天(tian)王等(deng)(deng)像(xiang)。清朝嘉(jia)慶至咸豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)間(公(gong)元1796一1860年(nian)(nian))又加以(yi)修葺,并增建(jian)(jian)觀(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)(jian)筑。
千佛(fo)崖(ya)(ya),在興國寺院(yuan)內南(nan)側。崖(ya)(ya)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)隋開皇七(qi)年至(zhi)開皇十五(wu)年(公元587~595年)所鐫刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)像(xiang),共(gong)9窟(ku)(ku)130余(yu)尊(zun),是(shi)濟南(nan)地區雕(diao)鑿(zao)歷史較早的(de)(de)(de)(de)石窟(ku)(ku)造像(xiang)群(qun)。極樂洞是(shi)其(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)主窟(ku)(ku),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大小佛(fo)像(xiang)87尊(zun)。中間一尊(zun)為阿彌陀佛(fo),盤膝禪坐,高(gao)3米,身后飾佛(fo)光,法(fa)相端莊。左右為大勢至(zhi)與觀(guan)世音菩薩,侍立,高(gao)也近(jin)3米。其(qi)他各窟(ku)(ku),皆散落在洞外石壁(bi)上(shang)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)居壁(bi)頂,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舉(ju)手可及,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一二尊(zun)成窟(ku)(ku),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三五(wu)尊(zun)成區,參(can)差錯(cuo)落。這些佛(fo)像(xiang),雕(diao)刻精致,刀(dao)法(fa)純(chun)熟,線條流暢,體態(tai)豐(feng)腴,栩栩如生。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)身著錦衣,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手拈蓮花,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凝神(shen)蹙眉,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結跏趺坐,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合掌(zhang)禪定,神(shen)態(tai)各異,惟妙惟肖。洞內曾嵌清代著名詩人施(shi)閏(run)章的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑記。
“文化大(da)革命”中,佛像遭到人為破壞(huai)。1979年(nian)3月(yue),市政府(fu)撥專(zhuan)款(kuan),本著“修舊如(ru)舊”的(de)原(yuan)則,組(zu)織專(zhuan)業人員按原(yuan)樣進行修復,再度(du)生(sheng)輝。
龍泉洞位于(yu)(yu)興國寺西門(men)內南(nan)側,在高聳的石壁下(xia)。壁上(shang)翠柏挺拔如(ru)蓋,老榆枝柯交葛,山(shan)風(feng)吹(chui)來(lai),呼(hu)嘯作(zuo)響,如(ru)龍吼,故名。洞口上(shang)方石壁篆書“龍泉洞”三字,為濟(ji)南(nan)當代已(yi)故書法家(jia)任曉麓題(ti)書,筆勢遒勁,瀟灑俊秀。洞內東側與極樂(le)洞相通。南(nan)側石壁鑿有多尊佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang),其(qi)中一尊彌勒(le)像(xiang),為劉景茂于(yu)(yu)隋開皇七年(nian)(公元587年(nian))正月造(zao),是(shi)千(qian)佛(fo)(fo)山(shan)年(nian)代較(jiao)早的造(zao)像(xiang)。佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)下(xia)面(mian)有一小門(men),門(men)內是(shi)一深(shen)潭(tan),稱(cheng)“龍泉”,水清見底。洞內穹窿(long)石壁早先懸有鐘(zhong)乳(ru),后經開掘,形(xing)成現(xian)代這(zhe)種(zhong)半(ban)人工半(ban)天然的長(chang)方形(xing)式。
龍泉洞(dong)內有水深3米的泉水,洞(dong)內有懸巖浮(fu)雕佛像20余尊。
黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)婁(lou)(lou)(lou)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)在興國(guo)寺極樂洞(dong)(dong)(dong)的東側(ce)巖壁上(shang)。相傳周(zhou)代黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)婁(lou)(lou)(lou)子(zi)(zi)曾居住于(yu)此,故名(ming)。巖壁上(shang)端,松柏(bo)垂蔭,山花爛漫。雨(yu)后,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)周(zhou)壁上(shang),苔衣墨綠(lv),蝸(gua)牛布陣,蟬蛻(tui)點點,猶(you)如一(yi)幅淡雅的水墨畫。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)深10余米,三(san)折之(zhi)后呈長方形,為人(ren)工(gong)開鑿,類似居室,高2米,面積20平方米,中鐫黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)婁(lou)(lou)(lou)坐像,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)的6尊佛像已殘缺不(bu)(bu)全。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)溫濕,水珠下滴,擊石有聲,使洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴越(yue)發顯得清(qing)(qing)(qing)幽(you)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)嘉慶年間,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)尚有黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)婁(lou)(lou)(lou)子(zi)(zi)的坐像,白須方巾(jin),文(wen)士打(da)扮,后毀。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)上(shang)端,有石刻一(yi)方,大字為“黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)婁(lou)(lou)(lou)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)”,小字記載(zai)了黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)婁(lou)(lou)(lou)子(zi)(zi)的身世(shi)。黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)婁(lou)(lou)(lou)子(zi)(zi),為周(zhou)代齊國(guo)人(ren),修(xiu)身清(qing)(qing)(qing)節,不(bu)(bu)事王侯,隱居在這里,鑿石為洞(dong)(dong)(dong),終身不(bu)(bu)下山,著書四篇,名(ming)《黔(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)婁(lou)(lou)(lou)子(zi)(zi)》(已失(shi)傳)。魯恭公(gong)聽(ting)說他(ta)是(shi)位有才能的人(ren),便派使節聘請其出仕,卻被他(ta)拒絕了。
1980年對洞穴進(jin)行了(le)(le)整(zheng)修,在洞內迎門(men)石壁上鑲嵌石碑一(yi)(yi)塊,記載了(le)(le)黔婁子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)段故事:黔婁先生死時,給(gei)他蓋(gai)(gai)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)方白(bai)(bai)布,白(bai)(bai)布甚小,蓋(gai)(gai)上頭(tou)則露(lu)出(chu)了(le)(le)腳,蓋(gai)(gai)上腳則又露(lu)出(chu)了(le)(le)頭(tou)。孔子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)弟子(zi)曾參之孫曾西說:“把白(bai)(bai)布斜(xie)著(zhu)蓋(gai)(gai)不(bu)就蓋(gai)(gai)嚴了(le)(le)嗎?”黔婁的(de)(de)(de)妻(qi)子(zi)韋叢說:“斜(xie)著(zhu)蓋(gai)(gai)有余,不(bu)如正著(zhu)蓋(gai)(gai)不(bu)足。先生在世(shi)的(de)(de)(de)時候非(fei)常正直,死后卻讓他歪斜(xie),這哪(na)能是(shi)先生的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)意呢(ni)?”
“洞(dong)(dong)天福地”石(shi)(shi)坊在黔婁洞(dong)(dong)的東側(ce),橫跨于對華(hua)亭西門石(shi)(shi)級(ji)上(shang)。坊上(shang)匾額書(shu)寫(xie)“洞(dong)(dong)天福地”四字。該坊建于清乾隆五十七(qi)年(公元1792年),字為護理山(shan)東巡(xun)撫江(jiang)蘭所書(shu)。石(shi)(shi)坊雖不算大,但雕(diao)刻卻很有(you)特點,具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)高的藝術價值。石(shi)(shi)坊通體用(yong)青石(shi)(shi)仿木結(jie)(jie)構雕(diao)砌而成,形成二柱一(yi)(yi)樓式,飛檐(yan)起脊。石(shi)(shi)脊兩側(ce),飾(shi)有(you)花(hua)紋(wen),刀法純熟,線條流暢,頗有(you)韻致。兩端雕(diao)有(you)正吻。檐(yan)的四角下(xia),原有(you)風鈴各一(yi)(yi)枚,清風稍吹,鈴聲遠揚(yang)。檐(yan)上(shang)雕(diao)有(you)瓦垅,檐(yan)下(xia)云(yun)頭斗拱承托,拱下(xia)額枋(fang)分別刻有(you)流云(yun)飾(shi)紋(wen)和二龍戲珠、獅子滾(gun)繡球等(deng)浮雕(diao)。兩柱下(xia)石(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)渾厚。整體結(jie)(jie)構勻稱協調,構思奇(qi)巧,古樸典雅。坊的南側(ce),為懸崖峭(qiao)壁,蔥郁的樹叢中(zhong),隱有(you)石(shi)(shi)佛一(yi)(yi)窟。坊北側(ce)有(you)古椿樹垂蔭,將石(shi)(shi)坊襯托得更富(fu)情(qing)趣。
對(dui)華(hua)亭(ting)在興(xing)國寺東南隅小獨(du)院(yuan)內。該院(yuan)坐落(luo)(luo)于(yu)峭壁之下10余(yu)米高(gao)的平臺上,院(yuan)門(men)懸(xuan)木刻匾額,上書“對(dui)華(hua)亭(ting)”三字,集于(yu)趙孟頫書帖。亭(ting)始建(jian)于(yu)明代,位于(yu)院(yuan)落(luo)(luo)北側,因(yin)遙對(dui)“華(hua)不注”山而得名。昔日為僧人面(mian)壁誦(song)經(jing)、修心(xin)養性(xing)之處。幾經(jing)興(xing)廢,1995年(nian)被改建(jian)為藏經(jing)樓,二層,朱紅柱,橙黃瓦,雙檐起(qi)脊(ji),雕(diao)梁(liang)畫棟,蔚為大觀。該亭(ting)位置奇絕(jue),視野開闊(kuo),憑欄遠眺,一覽(lan)無(wu)余(yu),可(ke)將泉(quan)城畫圖盡收眼底。每當陰雨季(ji)節,浮云穿堂(tang)而過,飄(piao)(piao)飄(piao)(piao)渺(miao)渺(miao),朦朦朧朧,堪稱仙境。
對華亭原是(shi)僧人坐禪、講經之所,現為興國禪寺的(de)方(fang)丈室和濟南市(shi)佛(fo)教協會(hui)辦公(gong)所在(zai)地。
在千佛山的古(gu)禪寺(si)的大(da)殿后(hou)方有一個門廊,上面懸掛了一副牌匾上面正書(shu)“莫向外求”四個銅字(zi),是(shi)書(shu)法家劉雯書(shu)寫。
現存寺(si)廟(miao)主要(yao)是明清時格局和規模。興國禪寺(si)依(yi)山而建,共有7座殿堂,分四個院落,禪院深(shen)邃幽靜,殿宇(yu)雄偉壯觀,殿堂分布錯落有致。整座寺(si)廟(miao)迤(yi)邐山腰,古樸莊嚴,是千佛山的主體(ti)建筑。
進(jin)門兩側(ce)(ce),鐘(zhong)鼓二(er)樓(lou)矗立(li)。迎(ying)門,彌(mi)勒佛(fo)(fo)(fo)笑迎(ying)天下客,皆(jie)大(da)歡喜。二(er)進(jin)院(yuan)落,大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)在(zai)寺內(nei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)(ce),坐(zuo)(zuo)東(dong)(dong)(dong)朝(chao)西(xi),雄(xiong)(xiong)偉壯觀。殿(dian)內(nei)正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)蓮花寶座(zuo)上(shang),供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉著佛(fo)(fo)(fo)祖釋迦(jia)牟尼塑像,兩側(ce)(ce)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩、羅漢侍(shi)立(li),南北(bei)側(ce)(ce)分別塑普賢、文殊菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩和阿難、迦(jia)葉(xie)等十(shi)大(da)弟子。釋迦(jia)牟尼塑像背(bei)后,南無觀世(shi)音菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩塑像面(mian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)站立(li),左右侍(shi)童子。玉佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)在(zai)大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)北(bei)側(ce)(ce),坐(zuo)(zuo)北(bei)朝(chao)南,殿(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)央佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕內(nei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)釋迦(jia)如來(lai)坐(zuo)(zuo)像,白玉石質,由(you)泰(tai)國(guo)請(qing)來(lai)。玉佛(fo)(fo)(fo)西(xi)側(ce)(ce)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕內(nei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉阿彌(mi)陀佛(fo)(fo)(fo),東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)(ce)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕內(nei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)奉藥師佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩殿(dian)在(zai)大(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)南側(ce)(ce),中(zhong)(zhong)央佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕內(nei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)觀世(shi)音菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩,東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)分別為(wei)地(di)藏(zang)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩、千手觀音菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩。寺院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)央有(you)一座(zuo)大(da)殿(dian),殿(dian)內(nei)彌(mi)勒佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塑像迎(ying)山(shan)門趺坐(zuo)(zuo),其(qi)背(bei)后,韋馱菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩面(mian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)站立(li)。殿(dian)南,祖師殿(dian);殿(dian)北(bei),禪堂。禪堂長(chang)廊(lang),壁(bi)嵌國(guo)家(jia)副主席董必(bi)武、詩(shi)人郭沫(mo)若、書法家(jia)趙(zhao)樸初游千佛(fo)(fo)(fo)山(shan)詩(shi)刻題記。與(yu)長(chang)廊(lang)相對,南側(ce)(ce)千佛(fo)(fo)(fo)崖危(wei)立(li),崖上(shang)鐫刻隋(sui)代佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像多尊。山(shan)崖由(you)西(xi)向東(dong)(dong)(dong),依次有(you)龍泉洞(dong)、極(ji)樂洞(dong)、黔婁(lou)洞(dong)、洞(dong)天福(fu)地(di)坊(fang)、對華亭等古跡。
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一粥一飯當思來之不易(yi),避(bi)免浪(lang)費;過齋時請保持(chi)安靜
附近公交車:K169路(lu)(lu)、85路(lu)(lu)、137路(lu)(lu)、152路(lu)(lu)、64路(lu)(lu)、K68路(lu)(lu)等
興(xing)國禪寺是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng),也是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)古寺,對(dui)(dui)它而言,從唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)立到現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)千(qian)年過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)了(le)(le)風風雨(yu)雨(yu)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)遷,經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)了(le)(le)時代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)禮,經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)演變(bian),從唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)到現在(zai)發展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階段(duan),從洗(xi)禮到心(xin)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),需要反復(fu)反復(fu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)養(yang)(yang)和善道,需要多次演繹才能(neng)重(zhong)新走入觀眾的(de)(de)(de)眼界(jie),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)道德(de),表(biao)達了(le)(le)靈魂的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),心(xin)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)下來,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)回(hui)(hui),驗證(zheng)了(le)(le)六道輪(lun)回(hui)(hui),不(bu)(bu)管(guan)你(ni)(ni)做了(le)(le)什么(me)事情(qing),人(ren)在(zai)做,天在(zai)看,輪(lun)回(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)我們來說,是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)道的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng),你(ni)(ni)做的(de)(de)(de)事情(qing)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)你(ni)(ni)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du),你(ni)(ni)做的(de)(de)(de)事情(qing)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)你(ni)(ni)如何實(shi)行(xing)善道的(de)(de)(de)速度(du),只(zhi)有這(zhe)樣,建(jian)古史就是(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)給(gei)(gei)后人(ren)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)養(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)階段(duan),為(wei)了(le)(le)留給(gei)(gei)后人(ren)提供心(xin)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)養(yang)(yang),達到這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階段(duan),脫離輪(lun)回(hui)(hui),就可以(yi)超度(du)。所以(yi),對(dui)(dui)它而言,這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)艱難又不(bu)(bu)容易超度(du)的(de)(de)(de)階段(duan),這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)嚴格要求自己達到心(xin)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)界(jie)而超度(du)的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)道德(de)品質。只(zhi)有你(ni)(ni)親身體驗,才能(neng)明白(bai)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)什么(me)。