概況
1998年加修了(le)仿古閣(ge)樓。拜亭由四根石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)托起,頂(ding)為四角方形,華板(ban)上繪有山水人物,石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)四面(mian)鐫(juan)刻楷書對聯(lian)。亭東西兩側(ce)有廊房(fang)各5間(jian),硬山式灰瓦(wa)(wa)頂(ding)。過掖(ye)門有關公殿,面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)3間(jian),硬山灰瓦(wa)(wa)頂(ding),檐(yan)下施斗拱(gong)。玉(yu)皇殿面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)5間(jian),硬山灰瓦(wa)(wa)頂(ding)。真武殿年代最久(jiu),規(gui)模宏大。高10米,面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)9間(jian),進(jin)深5間(jian),殿頂(ding)覆蓋綠色琉璃(li)瓦(wa)(wa),九脊六獸,單檐(yan)歇(xie)山式,檐(yan)下五踩重昂斗拱(gong)。前排滾龍浮雕石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)10根,正(zheng)面(mian)三間(jian)開門,室(shi)內五梁架,金柱(zhu)(zhu)承托。殿中暖閣(ge)楹聯(lian):廟貌與天(tian)齊,云(yun)來(lai)云(yun)去風不定,真個(ge)是空中樓閣(ge);畫工從地起,花(hua)開花(hua)謝景常新,將(jiang)毋同海上蓬萊。
宮內現(xian)有元(yuan)、明(ming)、清碑刻多(duo)通。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)大元(yuan)宣(xuan)諭圣旨碑為(wei)八(ba)思巴文與漢文對照(zhao),具有重要史(shi)料價值(zhi)。中(zhong)(zhong)國社(she)科(ke)院歷(li)史(shi)研究所(suo)陳智超先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)、語言研究所(suo)照(zhao)那斯(si)圖先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)和道布先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)的研究文章,發表(biao)在《民族語文》1984年(nian)第6期和《中(zhong)(zhong)國史(shi)研究動a態》1986年(nian)第6期上,河(he)南省圖書(shu)館有存。
天寶宮對聯
使(shi)盡無限機謀,為(wei)子為(wei)孫。臨(lin)死去(qu)只落得一雙(shuang)空手(shou)赴(fu)陰(yin)司(si),始(shi)問子孫安(an)在,用出多般巧詐,圖(tu)名(ming)圖(tu)利。到(dao)頭(tou)來徒留下千(qian)載罵名(ming)來地府(fu),方知名(ming)利皆虛。
善惡到頭(tou)終有報(bao),
只爭來(lai)早與來(lai)遲。
道(dao)當有道(dao)故曰道(dao),
神(shen)本無神(shen)奉為神(shen)。
造物重生成,須知雷霆雨(yu)露(lu)皆非教。
畏威只愚下,猶當戒慎恐懼所不聞。
歷史沿革與宗教內涵
在(zai)中國(guo)宗教歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)發展中,道(dao)教算是我國(guo)土(tu)生(sheng)土(tu)長的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個教派。但是隨(sui)著(zhu)歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)發展。道(dao)教的(de)(de)(de)傳播因(yin)地域的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)衍生(sheng)出了許多不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)派別,成立于(yu)金(jin)初的(de)(de)(de)真大道(dao)教,正是在(zai)北方流傳的(de)(de)(de)三大道(dao)教之一(yi)。正是在(zai)這(zhe)個基礎上。元代建起了全(quan)國(guo)真大道(dao)教第九祖、第十祖祖庭——天寶(bao)宮。
天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong),坐(zuo)落在(zai)長(chang)葛市石固鎮石梁河畔,北有子產祠(ci),南望潁叔(shu)墳,川源(yuan)回合,地勢廣(guang)衍,距今已有771年(nian)的歷史。據(ju)記載,天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)始建(jian)于1240年(nian),剛興建(jian)時(shi)叫天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)觀(guan),元世祖(zu)之(zhi)元六年(nian)(1269年(nian)),皇帝下(xia)旨(zhi)“易觀(guan)為宮(gong)(gong)”。在(zai)元代統(tong)治者(zhe)的推崇下(xia),真大道教(jiao)流傳日(ri)(ri)益廣(guang)泛,天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)因是當時(shi)真大道教(jiao)第九(jiu)祖(zu)、第十(shi)祖(zu)弘(hong)法布道的場所,影(ying)響也日(ri)(ri)漸增大,被尊稱為第九(jiu)、第十(shi)祖(zu)祖(zu)庭。元末(mo)以(yi)后(hou),受戰亂影(ying)響此(ci)地一度荒廢。
“作為(wei)道(dao)教發展史(shi)的見證(zheng),天寶(bao)宮(gong)(gong)歷經元、明、清、民(min)國數百年的風(feng)雨滄桑,其內(nei)文(wen)物古跡保存下來(lai)實屬不易。”現主持著天寶(bao)宮(gong)(gong)日常(chang)管理工作的張至仲道(dao)長告訴記(ji)者(zhe),作為(wei)著名的道(dao)教宮(gong)(gong)觀(guan),天寶(bao)宮(gong)(gong)現存大殿(dian)5座,其他(ta)殿(dian)宇4座,以(yi)明、清建(jian)筑為(wei)主,占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積達26000平方(fang)米(mi),是河南(nan)省最(zui)為(wei)完整、最(zui)為(wei)壯闊的古建(jian)筑群體(ti)之(zhi)一(yi)。
走近天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),映入眼(yan)簾的首先是巍峨壯(zhuang)觀(guan)的山門(men)(men)(men)(men)。作為明朝建筑遺存,山門(men)(men)(men)(men)是天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的進(jin)出(chu)大門(men)(men)(men)(men),為兩層建筑,由于墻上有三(san)個門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞,又稱為三(san)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。而(er)最惹(re)人注意(yi)的,莫過于中間門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞中那斑駁(bo)厚重(zhong)的木門(men)(men)(men)(men)。據石固(gu)鎮鎮長(chang)介紹,天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的大門(men)(men)(men)(men)無鉚釘(ding),全用穿(chuan)桿固(gu)定(ding),至今完(wan)好,無縫隙,所以當(dang)地群眾有諺(yan)語說:“天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的大門(men)(men)(men)(men)——無點兒(諧音釘(ding))!”透(tou)過天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)的門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞,從外遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望(wang)去(qu),內部(bu)樓閣殿宇(yu),林木花草,別(bie)有情趣。
站在(zai)山門的(de)樓閣(ge)之上,可(ke)以清晰(xi)地看到天寶宮(gong)的(de)建筑布局。各正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)坐北朝(chao)南,豎直形(xing)成(cheng)中軸線,并且逐次擴大、逐次抬高。據介紹(shao),中軸線由(you)南到北長達200米,從山門往里走,其上依次有拜亭、岳王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、關(guan)圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、老君殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷祖殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、真(zhen)武殿(dian)(dian)(dian),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)現在(zai)天寶宮(gong)古建筑群的(de)基本格局。這些殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu),高峻(jun)雄偉,雕梁畫棟,金碧輝煌,十(shi)分(fen)壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。兩廂還建有陪(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、齋舍、道房、浴(yu)塘、香廚等,遠(yuan)望紅墻(qiang)環繞,綠樹(shu)遮天,甚為壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。
如果說(shuo)天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)內那(nei)氣魄雄偉(wei)、布局嚴謹(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)展(zhan)現了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)華民族建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)采,那(nei)么其內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)碣(jie)則是一筆豐厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化遺產。經歷(li)數百年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)風(feng)云,天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)留(liu)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)代碑(bei)刻尚有100余通(tong),元(yuan)、明(ming)、清(qing)、民國等(deng)時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石碑(bei)50余通(tong)。這些(xie)碑(bei)刻最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高4米(mi)(mi)多、寬1米(mi)(mi)多、厚0.35米(mi)(mi),最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立于元(yuan)成(cheng)宗(zong)元(yuan)貞元(yuan)年(1295年),距(ju)今(jin)已有700多年歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。如創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)碑(bei)》和八思(si)巴(ba)字同漢字合(he)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《八思(si)巴(ba)字蒙(meng)古語圣旨碑(bei)》,更是碑(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)之寶(bao)(bao)。碑(bei)林中(zhong)(zhong)還有明(ming)真廣德大(da)(da)師(shi)王(wang)清(qing)貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《道(dao)行(xing)(xing)碑(bei)》,有歷(li)代重修增建(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)記。中(zhong)(zhong)國社(she)會科學院歷(li)史(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)所(suo)陳(chen)智超先生曾專程到天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)對這些(xie)碑(bei)刻進行(xing)(xing)考察,并(bing)在(zai)其撰(zhuan)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《長葛天(tian)(tian)寶(bao)(bao)宮(gong)(gong)訪碑(bei)記》一文(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo):“這幾通(tong)元(yuan)碑(bei)可以補充真大(da)(da)道(dao)教(jiao)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干空白,也可以印(yin)證(zheng)教(jiao)史(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干問題,是研究(jiu)金(jin)元(yuan)宗(zong)教(jiao)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要史(shi)(shi)料。”
在(zai)拜亭內的(de)石柱上,鐫刻著(zhu)兩幅發人(ren)深思的(de)對(dui)聯(lian),一(yi)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei)“善惡(e)到頭終有報,只爭來早與來遲。”另一(yi)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):“使盡無限(xian)計謀為(wei)(wei)子為(wei)(wei)孫(sun)臨死去(qu)只落(luo)得一(yi)雙空手(shou)赴陰司始問子孫(sun)安在(zai),用(yong)出(chu)多般(ban)巧詐圖名(ming)圖利(li)到頭來徒留下千(qian)載(zai)罵(ma)名(ming)來地(di)府方知名(ming)利(li)皆虛。”前一(yi)聯(lian)是勸導人(ren)們要(yao)去(qu)惡(e)揚善,后一(yi)聯(lian)是警告世人(ren)不要(yao)用(yong)詭計去(qu)掠取名(ming)利(li)。置身其間,不免(mian)讓人(ren)頓生“思無邪”的(de)意念。
白云千(qian)載空悠悠,天寶宮那精湛高超的(de)(de)古建(jian)筑群、厚重(zhong)滄桑(sang)的(de)(de)碑林(lin),以(yi)及那源遠(yuan)流(liu)長的(de)(de)道(dao)教文化(hua),依然等著人們去更多地探尋、品味……