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基本介紹

《水龍吟(yin)·賦張(zhang)斗墅家古(gu)(gu)(gu)松五粒(li)》是宋代詞(ci)人(ren)吳文(wen)英的作品。此詞(ci)贊譽張(zhang)家五株古(gu)(gu)(gu)松盆(pen)景。全詞(ci)緊(jin)扣題意(yi)，既刻畫出松之“古(gu)(gu)(gu)”、“小”，又用(yong)山野松樹襯(chen)托，再以(yi)盆(pen)中小擺設陪襯(chen)，顯示(shi)出古(gu)(gu)(gu)松的長(chang)青可愛。

內容介紹

作品原文

水龍吟·賦張(zhang)斗墅家古松(song)五粒

有人(ren)獨(du)立空山，翠(cui)髯未覺霜顏(yan)老。新香秀粒，濃光綠(lv)浸，千年春小。布影(ying)參旗，障(zhang)空云蓋，沉(chen)沉(chen)秋曉。駟蒼虬萬里，笙吹鳳女①，驂飛乘、天風(feng)裊(niao)。

般巧。霜斤不到。漢(han)游仙、相從最(zui)早。皺(zhou)鱗細雨，層陰藏月，朱弦古調(diao)。問訊(xun)東橋(qiao)，故人南嶺，倚(yi)天長嘯(xiao)②。待凌霄謝了③，山深歲晚，素(su)心才表。

作品校注

①吹：一本(ben)作“飛”。

②倚天長(chang)嘯(xiao)：一本無“長(chang)”字(zi)。

③了：一本作“后(hou)”。

作者介紹

吳文英，宋(song)代詞人(ren)。字君特，號夢窗，晚號覺(jue)翁(weng)(weng)，四明(ming)（今(jin)浙江寧(ning)波）人(ren)。原出(chu)翁(weng)(weng)姓，后(hou)出(chu)嗣(si)吳氏(shi)。一生未第，游幕(mu)終(zhong)身。紹定（宋(song)理宗年號，1228—1233）中(zhong)入蘇(su)州(zhou)倉幕(mu)。曾任吳濳浙東安撫使幕(mu)僚，復為榮王府(fu)門客(ke)。出(chu)入賈似道、史宅之(zhi)(zhi)（史彌遠之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)）之(zhi)(zhi)門。知音律，能自度曲。詞名極(ji)重，以綿麗(li)為尚(shang)，思(si)深語(yu)麗(li)，多從李賀詩中(zhong)來。有(you)《夢窗甲乙丙丁稿》傳(chuan)世。

鑒賞評價

《水龍吟》，又名《龍吟曲》、《莊(zhuang)椿歲(sui)》、《小(xiao)樓連苑》。《清(qing)真(zhen)集》入“越調”，《夢窗(chuang)詞》集入“無(wu)射商”。

張(zhang)斗(dou)墅，即張(zhang)蘊，字仁溥，號斗(dou)墅，揚(yang)州人(ren)，嘉熙（宋(song)理(li)宗年(nian)號，公(gong)元1237—1240年(nian)）間(jian)為(wei)(wei)沿江(jiang)制置使(shi)屬官，公(gong)元1256年(nian)（寶祐四年(nian)）干辦行(xing)在諸司(si)糧料院(yuan)。有《斗(dou)墅支(zhi)稿》。“古松五(wu)粒(li)”，“粒(li)”，言其細小。因而，在張(zhang)斗(dou)墅家的五(wu)株(zhu)古松，實為(wei)(wei)盆栽之松。又說(shuo)“粒(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)鬣(lie)也,系(xi)音近，故稱者(zhe)(zhe)異。五(wu)鬣(lie)者(zhe)(zhe)，言如馬鬣(lie)形也，如李(li)賀有《五(wu)粒(li)小松歌》，岑(cen)參詩(shi)“五(wu)粒(li)松花酒”，林寬詩(shi)“庭高五(wu)粒(li)松”皆是。

上(shang)片將盆栽古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)與山(shan)野(ye)的(de)(de)古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)作一對比。“有(you)(you)人”兩句，將盆中古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)擬人化。此言(yan)盆景(jing)上(shang)怪石嶙峋如(ru)山(shan)兀(wu)立(li)，古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)栽于其旁，猶如(ru)人獨立(li)于山(shan)間。古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)雖(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已有(you)(you)千年的(de)(de)樹(shu)齡，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)看起(qi)來仍舊(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郁郁蔥蔥蒼(cang)(cang)翠欲滴。“新香”三(san)(san)句。言(yan)古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)雖(sui)小(xiao)(xiao)，卻能散發出陣(zhen)陣(zhen)清香。在陽光照射下(xia)，松(song)(song)(song)針濃密(mi)得如(ru)浸入在一片綠色(se)(se)之(zhi)中。因此雖(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千年古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)，在時人的(de)(de)眼中，仍舊(jiu)覺得它還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)青春(chun)年少般(ban)的(de)(de)嬌小(xiao)(xiao)可愛(ai)。以上(shang)敘盆中古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)，下(xia)面轉述(shu)山(shan)野(ye)中的(de)(de)古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)。“布影”三(san)(san)句，言(yan)山(shan)野(ye)上(shang)與盆松(song)(song)(song)同齡的(de)(de)古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)，如(ru)今必定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黛色(se)(se)參天(tian)，冠(guan)蓋蔽空。如(ru)果人們經過樹(shu)下(xia)，就會仿佛進入黑沉沉、冷清清的(de)(de)秋(qiu)天(tian)凌晨一般(ban)。“駟蒼(cang)(cang)虬”三(san)(san)句，言(yan)山(shan)野(ye)古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)枝干粗大如(ru)蒼(cang)(cang)虬之(zhi)張(zhang)牙舞爪似(si)的(de)(de)欲騰飛萬里。高大的(de)(de)主枝直插云(yun)霄能與天(tian)風(feng)相抗衡。枝梢上(shang)還(huan)能夠引來鸞鳳停留其上(shang)而曼(man)聲吟鳴。兩相對照之(zhi)下(xia)，盆松(song)(song)(song)占“小(xiao)(xiao)”、巧兩字；野(ye)松(song)(song)(song)則得其型態之(zhi)雄偉，春(chun)花(hua)秋(qiu)月各有(you)(you)所長。

下(xia)片(pian)應題中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“賦張斗(dou)墅家古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)”。“般巧(qiao)”三句(ju)。此(ci)言盆松(song)(song)生得(de)小(xiao)巧(qiao)可(ke)愛，還能夠免除掉遭(zao)受利斧砍伐之罪。詞人(ren)說：見(jian)到(dao)(dao)了(le)盆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)，我不(bu)由想到(dao)(dao)了(le)漢(han)代的(de)赤松(song)(song)子。恐(kong)怕他是最早與松(song)(song)樹(shu)作伴的(de)仙人(ren)了(le)。“皺鱗(lin)”三句(ju)。言盆松(song)(song)雖長得(de)小(xiao)巧(qiao)，但是細上(shang)(shang)(shang)看去，枝上(shang)(shang)(shang)鱗(lin)片(pian)蒼老如細雨密布其上(shang)(shang)(shang)；松(song)(song)針層疊，使月光難(nan)以穿透。這一(yi)句(ju)又與上(shang)(shang)(shang)片(pian)“濃光綠(lv)浸(jin)”遙相呼應。“朱(zhu)弦古(gu)(gu)調”句(ju)，化(hua)用(yong)唐劉長卿《聽彈琴(qin)(qin)》“泠泠七弦上(shang)(shang)(shang)，靜聽松(song)(song)風寒。古(gu)(gu)調雖自愛，今(jin)人(ren)多不(bu)彈”詩意。此(ci)言盆松(song)(song)可(ke)愛而(er)誘人(ren)，宜騷(sao)人(ren)墨客為其彈奏《風入松(song)(song)》這首古(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)曲。“問(wen)訊”三句(ju)，側寫盆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)假山景色。言盆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設有假山：有橋有嶺，又有泥俑站在嶺上(shang)(shang)(shang)倚天(tian)而(er)嘯。“待凌(ling)(ling)霄(xiao)”三句(ju)，顯出松(song)(song)樹(shu)本色。此(ci)言當凌(ling)(ling)霄(xiao)花謝的(de)時候(hou)，已(yi)是到(dao)(dao)了(le)秋(qiu)盡冬至(zhi)之時。但到(dao)(dao)那個(ge)時候(hou)，古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)會(hui)愈發顯得(de)精(jing)神奕(yi)奕(yi)，真是“歲寒見(jian)松(song)(song)柏之長青”啊(a)！此(ci)雖是在講松(song)(song)樹(shu)，而(er)暗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卻隱隱以松(song)(song)樹(shu)之志自比，以此(ci)傲視世(shi)人(ren)。