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基本介紹

《水龍吟·賦張(zhang)斗墅家古(gu)(gu)松五粒(li)》是宋代詞人吳(wu)文英的作(zuo)品。此詞贊譽張(zhang)家五株古(gu)(gu)松盆景。全詞緊(jin)扣題意，既刻畫出松之(zhi)“古(gu)(gu)”、“小”，又用(yong)山野松樹(shu)襯(chen)托，再(zai)以盆中小擺設陪(pei)襯(chen)，顯示出古(gu)(gu)松的長青可愛。

內容介紹

作品原文

水龍吟·賦張(zhang)斗(dou)墅家(jia)古松五粒

有人獨立空(kong)山(shan)，翠(cui)髯未覺(jue)霜顏老(lao)。新香秀粒(li)，濃光綠浸，千年(nian)春小。布影參旗，障空(kong)云蓋，沉沉秋(qiu)曉。駟蒼虬萬里，笙吹鳳女①，驂飛乘、天風裊。

般(ban)巧。霜斤不到。漢游仙、相從最早。皺鱗(lin)細(xi)雨，層(ceng)陰藏月，朱弦(xian)古調。問訊東橋，故人南嶺，倚天長嘯②。待(dai)凌霄謝(xie)了③，山深歲晚，素心才表。

作品校注

①吹(chui)：一本(ben)作“飛”。

②倚天長(chang)嘯：一本無“長(chang)”字。

③了：一(yi)本作“后”。

作者介紹

吳文英，宋代詞人。字君(jun)特，號(hao)(hao)夢(meng)窗(chuang)，晚號(hao)(hao)覺翁，四明(ming)（今浙(zhe)江寧(ning)波）人。原出(chu)翁姓(xing)，后出(chu)嗣吳氏。一生未第，游幕(mu)終身。紹定（宋理宗年(nian)號(hao)(hao)，1228—1233）中入蘇州倉幕(mu)。曾任吳濳浙(zhe)東(dong)安撫(fu)使幕(mu)僚，復為榮王(wang)府門客。出(chu)入賈(jia)似(si)道、史宅之（史彌遠之子）之門。知音律，能自度曲。詞名極(ji)重，以綿(mian)麗為尚，思深語麗，多從(cong)李賀(he)詩中來。有《夢(meng)窗(chuang)甲乙丙丁稿(gao)》傳世。

鑒賞評價

《水(shui)龍吟》，又(you)名《龍吟曲》、《莊椿歲》、《小樓連苑(yuan)》。《清真(zhen)集(ji)》入(ru)“越調”，《夢窗詞》集(ji)入(ru)“無(wu)射商”。

張(zhang)斗墅(shu)，即張(zhang)蘊，字仁溥，號斗墅(shu)，揚州人，嘉熙（宋理(li)宗年號，公元1237—1240年）間為(wei)沿江制置(zhi)使(shi)屬官，公元1256年（寶(bao)祐四年）干辦行在(zai)諸司糧(liang)料院(yuan)。有(you)(you)《斗墅(shu)支稿》。“古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)五粒”，“粒”，言其細小。因而，在(zai)張(zhang)斗墅(shu)家(jia)的五株(zhu)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)，實為(wei)盆栽之松(song)(song)。又說“粒”者(zhe)鬣(lie)也,系音近，故(gu)稱者(zhe)異。五鬣(lie)者(zhe)，言如馬(ma)鬣(lie)形(xing)也，如李賀有(you)(you)《五粒小松(song)(song)歌》，岑參詩(shi)“五粒松(song)(song)花酒”，林(lin)寬詩(shi)“庭高五粒松(song)(song)”皆(jie)是。

上片(pian)將(jiang)盆(pen)(pen)栽古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)與山(shan)野(ye)的(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)作一(yi)(yi)對比。“有(you)人”兩句(ju)(ju)，將(jiang)盆(pen)(pen)中古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)擬人化。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)景上怪石嶙(lin)峋如(ru)(ru)山(shan)兀立，古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)栽于其(qi)(qi)旁，猶如(ru)(ru)人獨立于山(shan)間。古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)雖是已有(you)千年(nian)的(de)樹(shu)齡(ling)，但(dan)是看(kan)起來仍舊是郁郁蔥蔥蒼(cang)翠(cui)欲(yu)滴。“新香”三句(ju)(ju)。言(yan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)雖小，卻能(neng)(neng)(neng)散發(fa)出陣陣清(qing)香。在陽(yang)光照射(she)下(xia)，松(song)(song)針(zhen)濃(nong)密(mi)得如(ru)(ru)浸入在一(yi)(yi)片(pian)綠色(se)之中。因此(ci)(ci)雖是千年(nian)古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)，在時(shi)人的(de)眼中，仍舊覺(jue)得它還是如(ru)(ru)青(qing)春(chun)年(nian)少般的(de)嬌小可(ke)愛。以上敘盆(pen)(pen)中古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)，下(xia)面轉述山(shan)野(ye)中的(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)。“布影”三句(ju)(ju)，言(yan)山(shan)野(ye)上與盆(pen)(pen)松(song)(song)同齡(ling)的(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)，如(ru)(ru)今必(bi)定是黛色(se)參(can)天(tian)(tian)，冠蓋蔽空(kong)。如(ru)(ru)果人們經過樹(shu)下(xia)，就會仿佛進(jin)入黑沉沉、冷清(qing)清(qing)的(de)秋天(tian)(tian)凌晨一(yi)(yi)般。“駟蒼(cang)虬”三句(ju)(ju)，言(yan)山(shan)野(ye)古(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)枝(zhi)干(gan)粗(cu)大如(ru)(ru)蒼(cang)虬之張牙舞爪(zhua)似的(de)欲(yu)騰飛萬里。高大的(de)主(zhu)枝(zhi)直插云霄能(neng)(neng)(neng)與天(tian)(tian)風(feng)相(xiang)抗(kang)衡(heng)。枝(zhi)梢(shao)上還能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠引(yin)來鸞鳳(feng)停留其(qi)(qi)上而曼聲(sheng)吟鳴。兩相(xiang)對照之下(xia)，盆(pen)(pen)松(song)(song)占(zhan)“小”、巧(qiao)兩字(zi)；野(ye)松(song)(song)則得其(qi)(qi)型態之雄偉，春(chun)花秋月各有(you)所長。

下(xia)片(pian)應題中“賦張斗墅家古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)”。“般巧”三句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)生得小巧可愛，還能(neng)夠免除掉遭(zao)受利斧(fu)砍伐之罪。詞人(ren)(ren)說：見到了盆(pen)中的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)，我不由想到了漢(han)代的(de)(de)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子(zi)。恐怕(pa)他是(shi)最早與松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)作(zuo)伴的(de)(de)仙人(ren)(ren)了。“皺鱗”三句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。言(yan)(yan)盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)雖(sui)長得小巧，但是(shi)細(xi)上(shang)看去(qu)，枝上(shang)鱗片(pian)蒼老(lao)如細(xi)雨密布其上(shang)；松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)針層(ceng)疊，使月光(guang)難(nan)以穿透。這一句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)又與上(shang)片(pian)“濃光(guang)綠(lv)浸(jin)”遙相呼(hu)應。“朱弦古(gu)調”句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，化用唐劉長卿《聽彈(dan)琴(qin)(qin)》“泠(ling)泠(ling)七弦上(shang)，靜聽松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風寒。古(gu)調雖(sui)自(zi)愛，今人(ren)(ren)多(duo)不彈(dan)”詩(shi)意。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)可愛而誘(you)人(ren)(ren)，宜騷(sao)人(ren)(ren)墨客(ke)為其彈(dan)奏《風入松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》這首古(gu)琴(qin)(qin)曲。“問(wen)訊”三句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，側(ce)寫盆(pen)中的(de)(de)假(jia)山景色。言(yan)(yan)盆(pen)中設有假(jia)山：有橋有嶺，又有泥俑站在嶺上(shang)倚天而嘯(xiao)。“待凌霄”三句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，顯出松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)本色。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)當(dang)凌霄花謝(xie)的(de)(de)時候(hou)，已(yi)是(shi)到了秋盡冬至(zhi)之時。但到那個時候(hou)，古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)會愈發顯得精(jing)神奕奕，真是(shi)“歲寒見松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)柏之長青”啊！此(ci)雖(sui)是(shi)在講松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)，而暗中卻隱(yin)(yin)隱(yin)(yin)以松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)之志自(zi)比，以此(ci)傲(ao)視世(shi)人(ren)(ren)。