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基本介紹

《水龍(long)吟·賦(fu)張斗(dou)墅(shu)家(jia)古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)五(wu)粒》是宋(song)代詞人吳文英的作品。此(ci)詞贊譽(yu)張家(jia)五(wu)株古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)盆(pen)景。全(quan)詞緊扣題意，既刻畫出松(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)“古(gu)”、“小”，又用山野松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)襯托，再以盆(pen)中小擺設陪襯，顯示出古(gu)松(song)(song)(song)的長(chang)青可愛。

內容介紹

作品原文

水龍吟·賦張斗墅(shu)家古松五粒(li)

有人獨立空山，翠髯未覺(jue)霜顏老。新香(xiang)秀(xiu)粒，濃光綠(lv)浸，千(qian)年春小(xiao)。布(bu)影參(can)旗(qi)，障空云(yun)蓋，沉(chen)沉(chen)秋曉。駟蒼虬萬(wan)里，笙(sheng)吹鳳女(nv)①，驂飛乘、天(tian)風裊。

般巧。霜斤不到。漢(han)游(you)仙、相從最(zui)早。皺鱗細雨，層陰藏月，朱弦古調。問訊東(dong)橋，故(gu)人南(nan)嶺，倚天長嘯②。待凌霄謝了(le)③，山深歲晚(wan)，素心才(cai)表。

作品校注

①吹(chui)：一本作“飛”。

②倚(yi)天長嘯：一本無(wu)“長”字。

③了(le)：一本作(zuo)“后(hou)”。

作者介紹

吳(wu)文英，宋(song)代詞(ci)人。字君(jun)特，號夢窗，晚號覺(jue)翁(weng)，四明(ming)（今浙(zhe)江寧波(bo)）人。原出(chu)翁(weng)姓(xing)，后出(chu)嗣吳(wu)氏(shi)。一生未第，游幕(mu)終身。紹定（宋(song)理宗年(nian)號，1228—1233）中入蘇州(zhou)倉(cang)幕(mu)。曾任(ren)吳(wu)濳浙(zhe)東安撫使幕(mu)僚，復(fu)為榮(rong)王府門客。出(chu)入賈似道、史(shi)(shi)宅之（史(shi)(shi)彌遠之子）之門。知(zhi)音律，能自度(du)曲。詞(ci)名極重(zhong)，以綿麗為尚，思深(shen)語麗，多從李賀詩中來。有《夢窗甲乙(yi)丙丁稿》傳世(shi)。

鑒賞評價

《水龍吟》，又名(ming)《龍吟曲》、《莊椿歲》、《小(xiao)樓(lou)連苑》。《清真集》入(ru)“越調”，《夢窗(chuang)詞》集入(ru)“無射商”。

張斗墅(shu)，即(ji)張蘊，字仁溥，號斗墅(shu)，揚州人，嘉熙（宋理宗年(nian)號，公元(yuan)1237—1240年(nian)）間(jian)為(wei)沿江(jiang)制置使屬官，公元(yuan)1256年(nian)（寶祐四年(nian)）干(gan)辦行在諸司(si)糧料院。有(you)《斗墅(shu)支稿》。“古松(song)(song)五粒(li)”，“粒(li)”，言(yan)(yan)其細小。因而，在張斗墅(shu)家(jia)的五株古松(song)(song)，實為(wei)盆栽之松(song)(song)。又說“粒(li)”者(zhe)鬣(lie)也(ye),系音近，故稱者(zhe)異。五鬣(lie)者(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)如馬(ma)鬣(lie)形也(ye)，如李賀有(you)《五粒(li)小松(song)(song)歌(ge)》，岑參詩“五粒(li)松(song)(song)花酒”，林(lin)寬詩“庭高(gao)五粒(li)松(song)(song)”皆是。

上(shang)片(pian)將盆(pen)栽(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)山(shan)野的古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)作(zuo)一對比。“有人”兩句(ju)(ju)，將盆(pen)中古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)擬人化。此言盆(pen)景上(shang)怪石嶙峋如(ru)(ru)山(shan)兀(wu)立，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)栽(zai)(zai)于其(qi)旁，猶如(ru)(ru)人獨立于山(shan)間。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)雖是已有千(qian)年(nian)(nian)的樹(shu)齡(ling)，但是看起來(lai)仍舊(jiu)是郁郁蔥蔥蒼翠欲滴。“新(xin)香”三(san)句(ju)(ju)。言古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)雖小(xiao)(xiao)，卻(que)能散發出陣(zhen)陣(zhen)清(qing)(qing)香。在陽光照射下，松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)針濃密得如(ru)(ru)浸入在一片(pian)綠色之(zhi)中。因此雖是千(qian)年(nian)(nian)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，在時人的眼中，仍舊(jiu)覺得它還是如(ru)(ru)青春(chun)年(nian)(nian)少般(ban)的嬌小(xiao)(xiao)可愛。以上(shang)敘盆(pen)中古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，下面(mian)轉述山(shan)野中的古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。“布(bu)影”三(san)句(ju)(ju)，言山(shan)野上(shang)與(yu)盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)同(tong)齡(ling)的古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，如(ru)(ru)今(jin)必定(ding)是黛色參天(tian)(tian)，冠蓋蔽空。如(ru)(ru)果人們經過樹(shu)下，就會(hui)仿佛(fo)進入黑(hei)沉沉、冷清(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)的秋天(tian)(tian)凌(ling)晨一般(ban)。“駟蒼虬(qiu)(qiu)”三(san)句(ju)(ju)，言山(shan)野古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)枝干粗大(da)(da)如(ru)(ru)蒼虬(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)張(zhang)牙舞爪似的欲騰飛(fei)萬里(li)。高大(da)(da)的主枝直插云霄能與(yu)天(tian)(tian)風(feng)相(xiang)抗衡。枝梢上(shang)還能夠引來(lai)鸞鳳停留其(qi)上(shang)而曼聲吟鳴。兩相(xiang)對照之(zhi)下，盆(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)占“小(xiao)(xiao)”、巧(qiao)兩字；野松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)則得其(qi)型態之(zhi)雄偉(wei)，春(chun)花秋月各有所(suo)長。

下片(pian)應題中“賦張(zhang)斗墅家(jia)古松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)”。“般巧(qiao)”三(san)句(ju)。此(ci)言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)生得(de)(de)小巧(qiao)可愛(ai)，還能(neng)夠(gou)免(mian)除掉遭受利斧砍伐之罪。詞人(ren)(ren)說(shuo)：見(jian)到了(le)盆(pen)(pen)中的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)，我不由想到了(le)漢代的(de)(de)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子。恐怕他(ta)是最早與松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)作(zuo)伴的(de)(de)仙人(ren)(ren)了(le)。“皺鱗”三(san)句(ju)。言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)雖長(chang)得(de)(de)小巧(qiao)，但(dan)是細上看去(qu)，枝上鱗片(pian)蒼老(lao)如(ru)細雨密布其上；松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)針層疊，使月(yue)光(guang)難以(yi)(yi)穿透。這(zhe)一句(ju)又與上片(pian)“濃光(guang)綠浸”遙相呼應。“朱(zhu)弦古調”句(ju)，化用唐劉長(chang)卿《聽(ting)(ting)彈(dan)(dan)琴》“泠泠七弦上，靜聽(ting)(ting)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)風寒(han)。古調雖自愛(ai)，今(jin)人(ren)(ren)多不彈(dan)(dan)”詩意。此(ci)言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)可愛(ai)而(er)誘人(ren)(ren)，宜騷人(ren)(ren)墨客為其彈(dan)(dan)奏《風入(ru)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》這(zhe)首古琴曲。“問訊”三(san)句(ju)，側寫盆(pen)(pen)中的(de)(de)假山(shan)(shan)景色(se)。言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)中設有假山(shan)(shan)：有橋有嶺，又有泥俑站在嶺上倚天而(er)嘯。“待凌霄(xiao)”三(san)句(ju)，顯出松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)本色(se)。此(ci)言(yan)當凌霄(xiao)花謝的(de)(de)時候，已是到了(le)秋盡冬至之時。但(dan)到那個時候，古松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)會愈發(fa)顯得(de)(de)精神奕(yi)(yi)奕(yi)(yi)，真是“歲(sui)寒(han)見(jian)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)柏之長(chang)青”啊(a)！此(ci)雖是在講松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)，而(er)暗中卻(que)隱隱以(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)之志自比，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)傲視世(shi)人(ren)(ren)。