鹿(lu)茸片和(he)鹿(lu)茸粉的制作流程與加(jia)工工藝
鹿茸(rong)片是(shi)把整個鹿茸(rong)切成(cheng)(cheng)片,鹿茸(rong)粉是(shi)將鹿茸(rong)弄干后磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)粉,今天就給大家(jia)介紹一下它(ta)們的制作流(liu)程。
茸片(厚片)加工
原茸(rong)片即(ji)是(shi)鹿(lu)茸(rong)經過(guo)軟(ruan)化后(hou),用特(te)制的切具切成(cheng)的薄(bo)片。這是(shi)鹿(lu)茸(rong)利(li)用的古老(lao)形式,因此加工方法很多。
大體(ti)分為(wei)軟化(hua)和(he)切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)兩(liang)道工(gong)序。切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)前準(zhun)備:首先用(yong)(yong)(yong)無煙火(酒(jiu)(jiu)精燈、電爐(lu)等(deng))燎去(qu)鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)茸(rong)(rong)毛,用(yong)(yong)(yong)竹刀刮凈(jing)。也(ye)有不(bu)去(qu)毛的(de),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)將枝杈分解。軟化(hua):基本方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)50--55度酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)法(fa),可(ke)(ke)往鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)髓質部灌(guan)酒(jiu)(jiu),亦可(ke)(ke)將茸(rong)(rong)放在酒(jiu)(jiu)內浸(jin)(jin)泡,較多用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)將茸(rong)(rong)的(de)斷端浸(jin)(jin)在酒(jiu)(jiu)內0.5~l小(xiao)時(shi),通過毛細作用(yong)(yong)(yong),使鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)被(bei)酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)潤(run)(run)(run)。可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)50℃熱酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)潤(run)(run)(run),也(ye)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)20℃溫(wen)度下的(de)涼(liang)酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)潤(run)(run)(run)。被(bei)酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)潤(run)(run)(run)的(de) 鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)加熱更易(yi)軟化(hua),加熱方法(fa)有三:一是(shi)(shi)在50--60℃烘烤(kao)(kao)2~3小(xiao)時(shi);二是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鍋蒸,水(shui)沸騰后(hou)(hou),悶(men)(men)1—1.5小(xiao)時(shi);三是(shi)(shi)放在罐(guan)中悶(men)(men)2~3天,翻動(dong)3~4 次,低(di)溫(wen)涼(liang)酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)潤(run)(run)(run)可(ke)(ke)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)軟化(hua);用(yong)(yong)(yong)酒(jiu)(jiu)浸(jin)(jin)潤(run)(run)(run)后(hou)(hou)的(de)茸(rong)(rong)段還(huan)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)炭(tan)火烤(kao)(kao),使茸(rong)(rong)軟化(hua)后(hou)(hou)再切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian),邊切(qie)(qie)邊烤(kao)(kao),直至切(qie)(qie)完為(wei)止。切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian):切(qie)(qie)鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)原片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)工(gong)具有手刀,即如(ru)切(qie)(qie)菜方法(fa),有的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中藥的(de)切(qie)(qie)刀或特制的(de)半自(zi)(zi)動(dong)切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)機。切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)厚度為(wei)0.5~1.0毫米,邊切(qie)(qie)邊逐片(pian)(pian)(pian)擺在事(shi)先用(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)潮紙釘成(cheng)本子(zi)的(de)各頁上,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)特制的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力器壓(ya)(ya)平干燥。之后(hou)(hou)按不(bu)同等(deng)級分開包(bao)裝(zhuang)。
肖氓(mang)(1981)介(jie)紹泰國(guo)原茸片加工與我國(guo)稍有不同:先(xian)將鹿茸鋸(ju)口、釘眼(yan)用石蠟(la)封嚴(yan),刮毛,用藥液(特制(zhi))反復洗刷,再用清(qing)水洗凈(jing),白布(bu)包,硫磺熏(xun)蒸,60℃烘箱加溫2小時,軟(ruan)化后縱軸切開~分為(wei)二(er),刮平鋸(ju)面和刮掉茸皮,向切面噴(pen)白酒,再裝(zhuang)入布(bu)袋中軟(ruan)化,分段(duan)切成(cheng)0.35~0.45毫米厚的(de)片,按(an)枝段(duan)拼在一起呈茸形,包裝(zhuang)出售。
薄茸片加工
鹿茸薄片在20世紀60年代后期出現于香港市場上。因其只有幾微米厚,放在口中可以自然溶化,用起來更加方便,曾一度受到用戶的歡迎。
但因其在加(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程中使茸(rong)內(nei)有機成分流(liu)失(shi)和以蛋(dan)清(qing)、鹿(lu)皮(pi)等(deng)作整型輔(fu)料,從而(er)降低了(le)鹿(lu)茸(rong)的有效(xiao)成分含量,此加(jia)工(gong)方法不可取。
其加工工藝簡介如下:
分(fen)段、開條(tiao):將(jiang)鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)燎去茸(rong)(rong)毛、洗凈,從主干頂(ding)部(bu)開始,鋸成(cheng)15~20厘米的茸(rong)(rong)段。在清(qing)水中(zhong)浸(jin)泡30分(fen)鐘,或(huo)在濕稻殼中(zhong)埋6~12小(xiao)時(shi),使干燥的鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)充分(fen)吸收水分(fen),然后(hou)在籠屜上蒸1--1.5小(xiao)時(shi),蒸軟的鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)去掉茸(rong)(rong)表皮后(hou)再剝下真皮備用(yong)。依茸(rong)(rong)的粗(cu)細(xi)不(bu)同縱向切(qie)(qie)(qie)成(cheng)4~6條(tiao)(茸(rong)(rong)頂(ding)端可切(qie)(qie)(qie)蠟片部(bu)分(fen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)勿開條(tiao))。每(mei)段茸(rong)(rong)切(qie)(qie)(qie)條(tiao)后(hou)要(yao)用(yong)線按原茸(rong)(rong)樣纏住,在80~90℃條(tiao)件(jian)下干燥l~2小(xiao)時(shi),再使鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)脫掉水分(fen)。
蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)纏(chan)(chan):將干(gan)燥(zao)的(de)茸(rong)(rong)(rong)條(tiao)(tiao)放在(zai)雞蛋(dan)清中(目的(de)在(zai)于增加茸(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)韌性)浸(jin)泡12~24小(xiao)時,使茸(rong)(rong)(rong)條(tiao)(tiao)充分吸(xi)收(shou)雞蛋(dan)清后再(zai)(zai)將茸(rong)(rong)(rong)條(tiao)(tiao)拼(pin)在(zai)一起,包(bao)裹(guo)白(bai)布,用細(xi)繩纏(chan)(chan)緊,在(zai)籠屜上(shang)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)1小(xiao)時左(zuo)(zuo)右,取出重(zhong)新(xin)用白(bai)布纏(chan)(chan)裹(guo),用細(xi)繩纏(chan)(chan)緊,使茸(rong)(rong)(rong)粗度變細(xi),再(zai)(zai)上(shang)籠屜蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),再(zai)(zai)纏(chan)(chan)、再(zai)(zai)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),反復3次(ci),這時茸(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)粗度減少1/3~2/3。去掉白(bai)布,包(bao)裹(guo)鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)(rong)真(zhen)皮(pi),真(zhen)茸(rong)(rong)(rong)皮(pi)外再(zai)(zai)包(bao)裹(guo)脫毛刮凈(jing)的(de)鹿(lu)皮(pi),鹿(lu)皮(pi)外再(zai)(zai)包(bao)裹(guo)白(bai)布,細(xi)綿纏(chan)(chan)緊再(zai)(zai)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),反復兩次(ci),這就是(shi)所謂(wei)的(de)“六蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)五纏(chan)(chan)”,使鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)(rong)與(yu)茸(rong)(rong)(rong)皮(pi)、鹿(lu)皮(pi)融為一。這時茸(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)直徑(jing)為2厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右。
干燥:
將(jiang)經過蒸(zheng)纏的(de)茸(rong)條去掉白布進行干(gan)燥(zao)處理(li)。方法是:先將(jiang)高(gao)粱米(mi)、大米(mi)煮開(kai)花,烘(hong)干(gan),盛在木箱或(huo)鐵箱等(deng)容器內,將(jiang)茸(rong)條埋(mai)在烘(hong)干(gan)的(de)高(gao)粱米(mi)(花)、大米(mi)(花)中,每天(tian)更換一次烘(hong)干(gan)的(de)米(mi),持續6~8天(tian),使茸(rong)條達到硬而(er)脆(cui)、軟而(er)挺堅、有彈性的(de)程度。
刨(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian):刨(bao)(bao)(bao)茸(rong)(rong)片(pian)的刨(bao)(bao)(bao)刀是用優質(zhi)刃鋼制成,寬10~13厘米。將(jiang)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)床鑲嵌在(zai)(zai)長凳(deng)上(shang),用硬(ying)質(zhi)木板等調(diao)整(zheng)好刨(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)的厚度。刨(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)時,將(jiang)茸(rong)(rong)條用特制的茸(rong)(rong)夾夾好,均勻有力,反(fan)復在(zai)(zai)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)刀上(shang)刨(bao)(bao)(bao),厚度要求(qiu)在(zai)(zai)7~10微(wei)米。將(jiang)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)出的茸(rong)(rong)片(pian)放在(zai)(zai)吸(xi)性好、韌性強的紙頁里(li)擺平夾好,用加壓器(qi)壓平,脫水,干后分成等級(ji),即(ji)可包裝出售。
1990年(nian)吉林省四平(ping)市種(zhong)鹿場(chang)又研制出一(yi)種(zhong)新的薄茸(rong)(rong)片加工(gong)法:由鹿角(jiao)膠取代蛋清作(zuo)充填賦形(xing)物,用機械一(yi)次成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型,改變了(le)(le)衛生(sheng)條件,減少了(le)(le)鹿茸(rong)(rong)有(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)的損失,提高(gao)工(gong)效和質量,此項成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)已通過(guo)省級鑒定。
現在(zai)國(guo)內已生(sheng)產各種(zhong)型號(hao)的鹿茸(rong)切片機,工作起(qi)來效率(lv)高,質(zhi)量(liang)好。
鹿茸粉加工
鹿(lu)茸粉(fen)是利(li)用鹿(lu)茸的最簡便形(xing)式,只是人(ren)們擔心其純度,所以應用并未流行。其加(jia)工方法(fa)有(you)酒炙(zhi)法(fa)或烘干(gan)法(fa)幾種。
酒(jiu)炙法:是將(jiang)鹿茸(rong)切成厚片(pian),將(jiang)茸(rong)片(pian)放在鐵絲篩(shai)內文火烘(hong)烤,到燙手程度(du)(50~60℃)放在白酒(jiu)內漬淬,取出再烤熟、再漬淬,反復3~5次,直至(zhi)茸(rong)片(pian)邊上泛(fan)起小泡,呈(cheng)深黃色并有酥(su)香(xiang)味(wei),茸(rong)質(zhi)松脆,冷涼(liang)后粉末。
酥(su)(su)炙法:將銅鍋放在(zai)沸(fei)水上浴熱,放入茸片翻(fan)炒,炒至徽黃(huang),放在(zai)牛乳中漬(zi)淬,反復3~5次,酥(su)(su)至金黃(huang)色,有酥(su)(su)香氣,茸質酥(su)(su)脆,冷(leng)涼后粉末(mo)。
烘烤法:將鹿茸切片或砸(za)成碎塊。在80~100℃干(gan)燥箱內(nei)烘烤5~6小時,斷面呈(cheng)微黃(huang)色,可取出冷涼粉碎。
以上就(jiu)是鹿茸(rong)片和(he)鹿茸(rong)粉的制(zhi)作(zuo)方(fang)法(fa),希望大家對(dui)它(ta)們有(you)所了解,對(dui)我們日(ri)后食用它(ta)有(you)一定幫助,希望對(dui)大家有(you)用。