腦部(bu)囊(nang)腫是怎么形成的 腦部(bu)囊(nang)腫要注(zhu)意什(shen)么

定義

腦(nao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)是(shi)指(zhi)腦(nao)組織與其附屬(shu)物(wu)形成水囊(nang)性腫(zhong)物(wu)，并(bing)產生(sheng)不同(tong)程度(du)的腦(nao)壓癥狀的病癥。

腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)屬良性(xing)水性(xing)贅物(wu)，因(yin)(yin)其(qi)體積(ji)龐大產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對腦(nao)壓迫(po)(po)，形成(cheng)腦(nao)的(de)占(zhan)位(wei)病(bing)變(bian)之一(yi)。在(zai)(zai)占(zhan)位(wei)性(xing)病(bing)變(bian)形成(cheng)期，腦(nao)組織受到(dao)(dao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)體積(ji)脹大壓迫(po)(po)，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系(xi)列性(xing)的(de)壓迫(po)(po)性(xing)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀。其(qi)中(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)眼瞼下(xia)(xia)(xia)垂(chui)形成(cheng)的(de)眼裂變(bian)小、麻痹性(xing)內(nei)(nei)斜視、肢體功(gong)能(neng)障礙等頗為(wei)常(chang)見。腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)指蛛網膜(mo)(mo)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)。屬良性(xing)病(bing)變(bian)，一(yi)般(ban)無(wu)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀。“CT檢查為(wei)2X2cm腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)”，屬小囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般(ban)藥(yao)物(wu)只能(neng)對癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治療，不(bu)能(neng)消除(chu)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)。建議先對癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治療觀察一(yi)階段，可定期復查對比(bi)。囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)大或癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀較(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)時可手術切除(chu)。腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)會影(ying)響孩(hai)子的(de)智力嗎 人腦(nao)內(nei)(nei)有(you)腦(nao)室(shi)(shi)系(xi)統，腦(nao)室(shi)(shi)腔(qiang)的(de)一(yi)層(ceng)內(nei)(nei)膜(mo)(mo)稱(cheng)為(wei)室(shi)(shi)管膜(mo)(mo)，在(zai)(zai)此(ci)膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)就是室(shi)(shi)管膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)，它的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)率在(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)(er)中(zhong)并不(bu)低。 經(jing)研究證實，絕(jue)大多數室(shi)(shi)管膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)患(huan)兒(er)(er)可無(wu)任何(he)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀，其(qi)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)多為(wei)單個，在(zai)(zai)小孩(hai)出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)3個月(yue)內(nei)(nei)一(yi)般(ban)可自(zi)行吸(xi)收(shou)。這些孩(hai)子在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)6個月(yue)內(nei)(nei)，智力發(fa)育(yu)、身長(chang)、體重(zhong)(zhong)和頭圍等指標(biao)稍落(luo)后(hou)(hou)于正常(chang)兒(er)(er)童，但在(zai)(zai)1歲左右(you)可以基本趕上。僅(jin)少數新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)(er)因(yin)(yin)伴有(you)不(bu)同程度的(de)先天畸形，吸(xi)收(shou)時間可延遲到(dao)(dao)出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)6－9個月(yue)，其(qi)智能(neng)和體格發(fa)育(yu)呈明(ming)顯(xian)落(luo)后(hou)(hou)。 所以大部分(fen)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)患(huan)兒(er)(er)的(de)預(yu)后(hou)(hou)較(jiao)好，但父(fu)母們(men)也(ye)不(bu)可因(yin)(yin)此(ci)掉以輕心(xin)，而應該積(ji)極配(pei)合醫(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，定期帶孩(hai)子去醫(yi)院(yuan)做頭顱B超隨(sui)訪。

治療和預后

腦囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)指(zhi)蛛網膜(mo)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)、皮樣(yang)(yang)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)和上皮樣(yang)(yang)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong).均屬良性(xing)病變，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)無癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)，也(ye)可(ke)有頭疼等癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang).“CT檢(jian)查(cha)為2X2腦囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)”，屬小囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)藥物(wu)只(zhi)能對癥(zheng)(zheng)治療，不能消除(chu)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong).建議(yi)先對癥(zheng)(zheng)治療觀察(cha)一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)，可(ke)定期復(fu)查(cha)對比.囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)大(da)或癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)較(jiao)重時可(ke)手(shou)術切除(chu).

如(ru)果腦(nao)內有囊腫(zhong)導致頭痛劇烈是由(you)于顱壓增高。建議(yi)先(xian)降壓利尿常用藥物(wu)象硝普鈉，呋塞米。