腦部(bu)囊腫是(shi)怎么形(xing)成的 腦部(bu)囊腫要注(zhu)意(yi)什(shen)么
定義
腦囊腫是指(zhi)腦組織與其附(fu)屬物形成水囊性(xing)腫物,并(bing)產生不同程度的腦壓癥狀的病(bing)癥。
腦(nao)(nao)(nao)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)屬良性(xing)水性(xing)贅物(wu),因其(qi)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)龐(pang)大(da)(da)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)(dui)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)壓(ya)迫(po),形成腦(nao)(nao)(nao)的(de)占位病(bing)變之一(yi)(yi)。在占位性(xing)病(bing)變形成期(qi),腦(nao)(nao)(nao)組織受到囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)脹大(da)(da)壓(ya)迫(po),產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系列性(xing)的(de)壓(ya)迫(po)性(xing)癥狀(zhuang)。其(qi)中發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)眼瞼下(xia)(xia)垂(chui)形成的(de)眼裂變小、麻痹性(xing)內斜視、肢體(ti)(ti)功能障礙等頗為(wei)常見(jian)。腦(nao)(nao)(nao)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般指蛛(zhu)網膜(mo)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)。屬良性(xing)病(bing)變,一(yi)(yi)般無癥狀(zhuang)。“CT檢查(cha)為(wei)2X2cm腦(nao)(nao)(nao)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)”,屬小囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong),一(yi)(yi)般藥物(wu)只能對(dui)(dui)癥治(zhi)療(liao),不(bu)能消除囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)。建(jian)議先對(dui)(dui)癥治(zhi)療(liao)觀(guan)察一(yi)(yi)階段,可(ke)定(ding)期(qi)復查(cha)對(dui)(dui)比。囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)較大(da)(da)或癥狀(zhuang)較重時可(ke)手術切除。腦(nao)(nao)(nao)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)會影響孩(hai)子的(de)智力嗎 人腦(nao)(nao)(nao)內有腦(nao)(nao)(nao)室(shi)(shi)系統(tong),腦(nao)(nao)(nao)室(shi)(shi)腔(qiang)的(de)一(yi)(yi)層內膜(mo)稱為(wei)室(shi)(shi)管膜(mo),在此膜(mo)下(xia)(xia)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)是(shi)室(shi)(shi)管膜(mo)下(xia)(xia)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong),它的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)率在新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)中并不(bu)低。 經(jing)研究證(zheng)實,絕大(da)(da)多數室(shi)(shi)管膜(mo)下(xia)(xia)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)患兒(er)可(ke)無任何癥狀(zhuang),其(qi)囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)多為(wei)單個,在小孩(hai)出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后3個月內一(yi)(yi)般可(ke)自行吸(xi)(xi)收。這些孩(hai)子在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后6個月內,智力發(fa)育(yu)、身(shen)長、體(ti)(ti)重和頭圍等指標稍落后于正常兒(er)童,但在1歲左右可(ke)以(yi)(yi)基(ji)本趕(gan)上。僅少數新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)因伴(ban)有不(bu)同程度(du)的(de)先天畸形,吸(xi)(xi)收時間可(ke)延遲到出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后6-9個月,其(qi)智能和體(ti)(ti)格發(fa)育(yu)呈明(ming)顯落后。 所以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)部(bu)分囊(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)患兒(er)的(de)預(yu)后較好,但父(fu)母們也不(bu)可(ke)因此掉以(yi)(yi)輕心,而應(ying)該積(ji)極配(pei)合醫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),定(ding)期(qi)帶孩(hai)子去醫院做頭顱B超隨訪(fang)。
治療和預后
腦(nao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)一般指(zhi)蛛網(wang)膜(mo)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)、皮樣(yang)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)和上皮樣(yang)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong).均屬良性病變,一般無癥狀,也可(ke)有(you)頭疼(teng)等癥狀.“CT檢(jian)查(cha)為2X2腦(nao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)”,屬小囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong),一般藥物只能對癥治(zhi)療,不能消除囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong).建議先對癥治(zhi)療觀(guan)察一階段,可(ke)定期復查(cha)對比.囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)大或癥狀較(jiao)重時可(ke)手(shou)術切(qie)除.
如果腦內(nei)有(you)囊腫(zhong)導致頭痛劇烈(lie)是由于(yu)顱壓(ya)增高。建議先降壓(ya)利尿常用藥物象硝普鈉(na),呋塞米。