腦部(bu)囊腫(zhong)是怎么形成的 腦部(bu)囊腫(zhong)要注(zhu)意什么

定義

腦(nao)(nao)(nao)囊腫(zhong)是指腦(nao)(nao)(nao)組織與(yu)其附(fu)屬物形成水(shui)囊性腫(zhong)物，并產生不(bu)同(tong)程度的腦(nao)(nao)(nao)壓癥狀的病癥。

腦(nao)(nao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬良性(xing)水性(xing)贅物(wu)，因(yin)其(qi)體(ti)(ti)積龐大(da)產生(sheng)(sheng)對腦(nao)(nao)壓(ya)迫(po)，形(xing)成(cheng)腦(nao)(nao)的(de)占(zhan)(zhan)位病變(bian)(bian)之一。在(zai)(zai)(zai)占(zhan)(zhan)位性(xing)病變(bian)(bian)形(xing)成(cheng)期，腦(nao)(nao)組織受(shou)到(dao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)(ti)積脹大(da)壓(ya)迫(po)，產生(sheng)(sheng)系(xi)(xi)列性(xing)的(de)壓(ya)迫(po)性(xing)癥狀。其(qi)中發生(sheng)(sheng)眼瞼下(xia)垂形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)眼裂變(bian)(bian)小(xiao)、麻痹(bi)性(xing)內(nei)斜視、肢(zhi)體(ti)(ti)功能障礙等頗為(wei)常見(jian)。腦(nao)(nao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般指蛛網(wang)膜(mo)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。屬良性(xing)病變(bian)(bian)，一般無(wu)癥狀。“CT檢查(cha)為(wei)2X2cm腦(nao)(nao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，屬小(xiao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一般藥物(wu)只能對癥治(zhi)療，不(bu)能消除囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。建議先對癥治(zhi)療觀察(cha)一階段(duan)，可(ke)定期復查(cha)對比(bi)。囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)大(da)或(huo)癥狀較(jiao)重時(shi)可(ke)手術(shu)切除。腦(nao)(nao)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會影響孩子(zi)的(de)智力嗎 人腦(nao)(nao)內(nei)有(you)腦(nao)(nao)室(shi)系(xi)(xi)統，腦(nao)(nao)室(shi)腔的(de)一層內(nei)膜(mo)稱為(wei)室(shi)管膜(mo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)膜(mo)下(xia)發生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就是室(shi)管膜(mo)下(xia)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它的(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)率在(zai)(zai)(zai)新生(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)中并不(bu)低。 經(jing)研究證實(shi)，絕大(da)多數室(shi)管膜(mo)下(xia)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)患兒(er)可(ke)無(wu)任何癥狀，其(qi)囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多為(wei)單個(ge)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)小(xiao)孩出生(sheng)(sheng)后3個(ge)月(yue)(yue)內(nei)一般可(ke)自行吸(xi)收。這些孩子(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)后6個(ge)月(yue)(yue)內(nei)，智力發育、身長、體(ti)(ti)重和頭圍等指標稍落后于正常兒(er)童(tong)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)1歲左右可(ke)以基本趕(gan)上。僅少數新生(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)因(yin)伴(ban)有(you)不(bu)同程度的(de)先天畸形(xing)，吸(xi)收時(shi)間可(ke)延遲(chi)到(dao)出生(sheng)(sheng)后6－9個(ge)月(yue)(yue)，其(qi)智能和體(ti)(ti)格發育呈明顯落后。 所以大(da)部(bu)分囊(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)患兒(er)的(de)預后較(jiao)好，但父母們也不(bu)可(ke)因(yin)此(ci)掉(diao)以輕心(xin)，而應該積極(ji)配合醫生(sheng)(sheng)，定期帶(dai)孩子(zi)去醫院做(zuo)頭顱B超(chao)隨(sui)訪。

治療和預后

腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)指蛛網膜囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)、皮(pi)(pi)樣囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)和上(shang)皮(pi)(pi)樣囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong).均屬良(liang)性病(bing)變，一(yi)般(ban)無癥狀，也可(ke)有頭疼(teng)等癥狀.“CT檢查為2X2腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)”，屬小囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)般(ban)藥物(wu)只能對癥治療，不(bu)能消除囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong).建議(yi)先對癥治療觀察一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)，可(ke)定期復查對比.囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)較大或(huo)癥狀較重時(shi)可(ke)手術切除.

如果腦內(nei)有囊腫(zhong)導(dao)致頭痛(tong)劇烈是由(you)于顱壓增高。建議(yi)先降壓利尿(niao)常用(yong)藥物(wu)象硝(xiao)普鈉(na)，呋塞(sai)米。