腦部囊腫是怎么形成的 腦部囊腫要注意什(shen)么

定義

腦囊腫(zhong)是指腦組織與其附(fu)屬物形成水囊性腫(zhong)物，并產生不同程度(du)的腦壓癥狀的病癥。

腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)良性水(shui)性贅物(wu)，因其(qi)體(ti)積(ji)龐大(da)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)對腦(nao)壓(ya)迫(po)，形成(cheng)(cheng)腦(nao)的(de)占位病變(bian)之一(yi)(yi)。在占位性病變(bian)形成(cheng)(cheng)期，腦(nao)組織受(shou)到囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)積(ji)脹大(da)壓(ya)迫(po)，產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系列性的(de)壓(ya)迫(po)性癥(zheng)狀。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)眼(yan)瞼下(xia)垂形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)眼(yan)裂變(bian)小、麻痹性內斜視、肢(zhi)體(ti)功能障(zhang)礙等(deng)頗為常(chang)見。腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)指(zhi)蛛網膜(mo)(mo)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。屬(shu)(shu)良性病變(bian)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)無癥(zheng)狀。“CT檢查(cha)為2X2cm腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，屬(shu)(shu)小囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)藥物(wu)只(zhi)能對癥(zheng)治療，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能消除囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。建議先對癥(zheng)治療觀察一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段，可(ke)定(ding)期復查(cha)對比。囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較大(da)或癥(zheng)狀較重時可(ke)手術切除。腦(nao)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會影響孩子(zi)的(de)智(zhi)(zhi)力(li)嗎 人腦(nao)內有腦(nao)室(shi)系統(tong)，腦(nao)室(shi)腔(qiang)的(de)一(yi)(yi)層內膜(mo)(mo)稱(cheng)為室(shi)管膜(mo)(mo)，在此膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)是室(shi)管膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)率在新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)中(zhong)(zhong)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)。 經研究證(zheng)實(shi)，絕(jue)大(da)多數室(shi)管膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)患兒(er)可(ke)無任(ren)何(he)癥(zheng)狀，其(qi)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多為單個(ge)，在小孩出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后3個(ge)月(yue)內一(yi)(yi)般(ban)可(ke)自行吸收。這些(xie)孩子(zi)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后6個(ge)月(yue)內，智(zhi)(zhi)力(li)發(fa)育、身長、體(ti)重和頭(tou)圍等(deng)指(zhi)標稍落后于(yu)正常(chang)兒(er)童，但(dan)在1歲左右可(ke)以基本趕上。僅(jin)少數新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)兒(er)因伴有不(bu)(bu)(bu)同程(cheng)度的(de)先天畸形，吸收時間可(ke)延遲到出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后6－9個(ge)月(yue)，其(qi)智(zhi)(zhi)能和體(ti)格發(fa)育呈明顯落后。 所以大(da)部分(fen)囊(nang)(nang)(nang)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)患兒(er)的(de)預(yu)后較好，但(dan)父母們也不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)因此掉以輕心，而應(ying)該(gai)積(ji)極(ji)配合醫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，定(ding)期帶孩子(zi)去醫院做頭(tou)顱B超隨訪。

治療和預后

腦囊(nang)腫(zhong)一(yi)(yi)般指(zhi)蛛網膜囊(nang)腫(zhong)、皮(pi)樣囊(nang)腫(zhong)和上皮(pi)樣囊(nang)腫(zhong).均(jun)屬良性病變，一(yi)(yi)般無癥(zheng)狀，也可(ke)有頭疼等(deng)癥(zheng)狀.“CT檢查為2X2腦囊(nang)腫(zhong)”，屬小囊(nang)腫(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)般藥物(wu)只能對(dui)癥(zheng)治(zhi)療，不能消除囊(nang)腫(zhong).建議(yi)先對(dui)癥(zheng)治(zhi)療觀察一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段，可(ke)定期復查對(dui)比.囊(nang)腫(zhong)較大(da)或癥(zheng)狀較重時可(ke)手術切除.

如果腦內有囊(nang)腫導致(zhi)頭痛劇烈是由(you)于顱壓增(zeng)高。建議(yi)先降壓利尿常用藥物象硝普鈉，呋塞米。