電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)全解 電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式(shi)

電動汽車常用充電模式

一、常規充電

1）概念：蓄電池在放(fang)電終(zhong)止后，應立即充電（在特(te)殊(shu)情況(kuang)下也不應超過24h），充(chong)電電流相當低，大小(xiao)約為15A，這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)叫做常規(gui)(gui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（普通充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）。常規(gui)(gui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)都采用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的恒壓(ya)或恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間為(wei)5-8小(xiao)時(shi)，甚至(zhi)長達10至20多(duo)個小(xiao)時。

2）優缺點：因為(wei)所用(yong)功(gong)率和(he)電(dian)(dian)流的額定值并不關鍵，因此充電(dian)(dian)器和(he)安裝(zhuang)成(cheng)本(ben)比(bi)較低；可充(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)利用電力低(di)谷(gu)時(shi)段進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電，降低(di)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電成(cheng)本；可提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電效率和延(yan)長電池的使(shi)用壽命。常規(gui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電模(mo)式的主要缺點為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間過長，有(you)緊急運(yun)行(xing)需求時(shi)難以滿足。

二、快速充電

快速充電又稱應急充電，是以較大電流短時間在電動汽車停車的20分鐘至2小時內，為(wei)(wei)其(qi)提供短時充電服務，一般充電電流為(wei)(wei)150～400A。

1）概念(nian)：常規蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)方法一般(ban)時(shi)間較長，給實際使用(yong)帶來(lai)許(xu)多不便。快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)出現，為純電(dian)動汽車的(de)商業化提供(gong)了(le)技術支持。

2）優缺點：充電(dian)時間短；充電電池壽命長（可充電2000次以上）；沒有記憶性，可以大容量充電及放電，在幾分鐘內就可充70%～80%的電；由于充電在短時間內（約為10-15分鐘）就能使電池儲電量達到80%-90%，與加油時間(jian)相仿，因此，建(jian)設(she)相應充(chong)電站時可不配備大(da)面積停車場。但(dan)是，相對(dui)常規充(chong)電模式，快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電也存在(zai)一定的缺點：充(chong)電器充(chong)電效(xiao)率較低，應的工作和安裝(zhuang)成本較高(gao)，充(chong)電電流大(da)，特別考慮。

三、機械充電

1）概念(nian)：即電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)快速(su)更(geng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)系統(tong)。通過直接更(geng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)來達(da)到為其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)目的(de)。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)重(zhong)量較大(da)，更(geng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)化要求較強(qiang)，需配備專(zhuan)業(ye)人員借助專(zhuan)業(ye)機械來快速(su)完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)更(geng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和維護(hu)。

2）優(you)缺點：電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)用戶可租用充滿(man)電(dian)的蓄電(dian)池，更(geng)換已經(jing)耗盡(jin)的蓄電(dian)池，有利于提高車(che)輛(liang)使用效率，也提高了用戶使用的方(fang)便性(xing)和(he)快捷性(xing)；對更換下來的蓄電(dian)池(chi)可以利(li)用(yong)低(di)谷時段(duan)進(jin)行充電(dian)，降低(di)了充電(dian)成本，提高了車輛運行經濟性；解決了充電(dian)時間乃至蓄存(cun)電(dian)荷(he)量、電(dian)池(chi)質(zhi)量、續駛里程長及價格(ge)等難(nan)題；可以及時發現電(dian)池(chi)組中單電(dian)池(chi)的問題，進(jin)行維修工作，對于(yu)電(dian)池(chi)的維護工作將(jiang)具有積極意義，電(dian)池(chi)組放電(dian)深度的降低(di)也(ye)將(jiang)有利(li)于(yu)提高電(dian)池(chi)的壽命。