電(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)池充電(dian)模(mo)式全解 電(dian)動(dong)汽車充電(dian)方(fang)式

電動汽車常用充電模式

一、常規充電

1）概(gai)念：蓄電(dian)池在放電(dian)終(zhong)止后(hou)，應立即充電(dian)（在特(te)殊情況下也不應超(chao)過24h），充電電流相當低，大小約為15A，這種充(chong)電(dian)叫做常規充(chong)電(dian)（普通(tong)充(chong)電(dian)）。常規蓄電(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)方法都(dou)采用小電(dian)流的恒(heng)(heng)壓或恒(heng)(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)，一般(ban)充(chong)電(dian)時間為(wei)5-8小時(shi)，甚至(zhi)長(chang)達(da)10至20多個(ge)小時。

2）優缺點：因(yin)為所用功率(lv)和電(dian)流的額定值并不關鍵(jian)，因(yin)此充電(dian)器和安裝成(cheng)本比較低；可充(chong)分(fen)利用(yong)電(dian)力低谷時段進行充(chong)電(dian)，降低充(chong)電(dian)成本；可提高充(chong)電(dian)效率和延長電(dian)池(chi)的使用(yong)壽命。常規充(chong)電(dian)模式的主要缺(que)點為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)時間過長，有緊急運行需(xu)求(qiu)時難以滿足。

二、快速充電

快速充電又稱應急充電，是以較大電流短時間在電動汽車停車的20分鐘至(zhi)2小時(shi)內，為其(qi)提供短時(shi)充電服務，一般充電電流為150～400A。

1）概念：常規蓄電池的充電方法一般時間較長，給(gei)實際(ji)使用帶(dai)來(lai)許多不(bu)便。快速充電電池的出現，為(wei)純電動汽(qi)車的商業化提供了技術支(zhi)持。

2）優缺(que)點：充電時(shi)間短；充電電池壽命長（可充電2000次以(yi)上）；沒有記憶性，可以大容量充電及放電，在幾分鐘內就可充70%～80%的電(dian)；由于充電在短時間內（約為10-15分鐘(zhong)）就(jiu)能(neng)使電池儲電量達到80%-90%，與加油時(shi)間相仿，因此，建設相應充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站時(shi)可不配備大面積停車場。但是，相對常規(gui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式，快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)也存在一定的缺點：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率較低，應的工作和(he)安裝成本較高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流大，特別考慮。

三、機械充電

1）概念：即電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組快速(su)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)系統。通過直接更(geng)(geng)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組來達到(dao)為其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組重量(liang)較大(da)，更(geng)(geng)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)業化要求較強，需配備專(zhuan)業人員借助專(zhuan)業機(ji)械(xie)來快速(su)完成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)更(geng)(geng)換(huan)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和維(wei)護(hu)。

2）優缺點：電(dian)(dian)動汽車用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可租(zu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)充滿電(dian)(dian)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，更(geng)換已經(jing)耗盡的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，有(you)利于提(ti)高車輛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)效率，也提(ti)高了(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)方便(bian)性和快捷性；對更換下來的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以利用低(di)谷(gu)時段進(jin)(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，降低(di)了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)，提(ti)高了(le)車輛運行經濟性；解決了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間乃至蓄存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)質量(liang)、續駛里程長(chang)及(ji)價(jia)格等難題(ti)；可以及(ji)時發現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組中(zhong)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的問題(ti)，進(jin)(jin)行維修(xiu)工(gong)作，對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的維護工(gong)作將具有積極(ji)意義，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深度的降低(di)也將有利于提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽命。