投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)與商(shang)(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相對應的(de)(de)(de)一類(lei)金(jin)(jin)融機(ji)構，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)從事(shi)(shi)證券發行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、承銷、交易、企業(ye)重組、兼并與收購(gou)、投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)析、風險投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)、項目融資(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)非銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金(jin)(jin)融機(ji)構，是(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)本市(shi)場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)金(jin)(jin)融中(zhong)介。投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)和歐洲大陸的(de)(de)(de)稱謂(wei)，英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)稱之為商(shang)(shang)人銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在日本則指證券公(gong)司。 投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)組織形態主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)：一是(shi)獨(du)立型的(de)(de)(de)專業(ye)性(xing)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)構比(bi)較多，遍(bian)布世(shi)界各地，他們有(you)(you)各自擅長的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)方向，比(bi)如美國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)高盛、摩根斯坦(tan)利；二是(shi)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擁有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)通過兼并收購(gou)其(qi)他投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，參股或建立附屬公(gong)司從事(shi)(shi)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)務(wu)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)形式在英(ying)德(de)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)非常典型，比(bi)如匯豐 集(ji)團(tuan)、瑞銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)集(ji)團(tuan)；三是(shi)全(quan)能型銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)直接(jie)經(jing)營投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)務(wu)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)形式主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)出現在歐洲，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在從事(shi)(shi)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)同時也從事(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)務(wu)，比(bi)如德(de)意志銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；四(si)是(shi)一些大型跨國(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)司興辦的(de)(de)(de)財務(wu)公(gong)司。在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)，投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)(zi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)代表有(you)(you)：中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際金(jin)(jin)融有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、中(zhong)信證券等(deng)。