一、票據融資指什么
融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)指票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)持有人(ren)通(tong)過(guo)非貿(mao)易的(de)(de)方式取(qu)得商業(ye)匯票(piao)(piao)(piao),并(bing)以該票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)向(xiang)銀(yin)行(xing)申請貼現套取(qu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金,實現融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)目的(de)(de)。融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)貼現后的(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金往(wang)往(wang)被用(yong)于(yu)投資(zi)(zi)(zi)或償(chang)債。融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)嚴格定義應該是(shi)(shi)指該票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)產生缺乏貿(mao)易背景(jing),使該票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)缺乏自(zi)償(chang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產生于(yu)出(chu)票(piao)(piao)(piao)環節(jie),而(er)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)讓環節(jie);或者說產生于(yu)承兌(dui)環節(jie),而(er)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)貼現環節(jie)。票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)究竟是(shi)(shi)貿(mao)易性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)還是(shi)(shi)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de),完全(quan)取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)出(chu)票(piao)(piao)(piao)時的(de)(de)交易用(yong)途,貿(mao)易項下的(de)(de)票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),到期時能用(yong)商品回籠(long)款來進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)償(chang);被用(yong)作投資(zi)(zi)(zi)或償(chang)債的(de)(de)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)票(piao)(piao)(piao)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),到期時因缺乏自(zi)償(chang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)給兌(dui)付帶來不(bu)確定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
二、票據融資和貼現的區別
1、票據所有權
票(piao)據(ju)融資(zi)并沒有(you)發生票(piao)據(ju)所有(you)權(quan)的轉移(yi),持票(piao)人仍然擁(yong)有(you)票(piao)據(ju)權(quan);而(er)票(piao)據(ju)貼(tie)現(xian)則是直(zhi)接進行(xing)(xing)票(piao)據(ju)權(quan)利的轉移(yi),如果銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)貼(tie)現(xian)給(gei)你(ni),那么銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)獲得票(piao)據(ju)所有(you)權(quan)。
2、是否贖回
票(piao)(piao)據(ju)抵押是在(zai)一定期間內(nei)由持(chi)票(piao)(piao)人(ren)到期贖(shu)回,如果持(chi)票(piao)(piao)人(ren)未按約(yue)定贖(shu)回,銀行有權(quan)對票(piao)(piao)據(ju)所有權(quan)進行處(chu)理,向付款人(ren)請(qing)求(qiu)付款,并從所得(de)票(piao)(piao)款中(zhong)優(you)先補(bu)償應得(de)的商票(piao)(piao)融資金(jin)額、違約(yue)金(jin)、利息等;而票(piao)(piao)據(ju)貼現整(zheng)個過程不存(cun)在(zai)贖(shu)回。
3、融資與貼現額度
票據(ju)融資的(de)(de)放款(kuan)額(e)度是(shi)被受控(kong)制的(de)(de),一般控(kong)制在(zai)票面的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)額(e)的(de)(de)60%~80%;而票據(ju)貼現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)額(e)是(shi)根據(ju)貼現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)利率和貼現(xian)(xian)天(tian)數(shu)來確定的(de)(de),利率高,貼現(xian)(xian)天(tian)數(shu)多,則貼現(xian)(xian)利息高。
三、票據融資包括哪些方式
1、銀行承兌匯票貼現
銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)承(cheng)(cheng)兌(dui)匯票(piao)貼現(xian)(xian)是指(zhi)當(dang)中小企業(ye)有(you)資(zi)金需求(qiu)時(shi),持銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)承(cheng)(cheng)兌(dui)匯票(piao)到(dao)銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)按一(yi)定(ding)貼現(xian)(xian)率申(shen)請(qing)提前兌(dui)現(xian)(xian),以獲取資(zi)金的一(yi)種(zhong)融資(zi)業(ye)務。在銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)承(cheng)(cheng)兌(dui)匯票(piao)到(dao)期時(shi),銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)則向(xiang)承(cheng)(cheng)兌(dui)人(ren)提示付款,當(dang)承(cheng)(cheng)兌(dui)人(ren)未予償付時(shi),銀(yin)行(xing)(xing)對貼現(xian)(xian)申(shen)請(qing)人(ren)保留追索(suo)權。
2、商業承兌匯票貼現
商(shang)業承兌(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)匯票貼(tie)(tie)現(xian)是指當中小企業有資(zi)金需求時,持(chi)商(shang)業承兌(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)匯票到銀行按一定(ding)貼(tie)(tie)現(xian)率申請(qing)提(ti)前兌(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)現(xian),以獲取資(zi)金的一種(zhong)融資(zi)業務(wu)。在商(shang)業承兌(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)匯票到期(qi)時,銀行則向(xiang)承兌(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)提(ti)示(shi)付款,當承兌(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)未(wei)予償付時,銀行對貼(tie)(tie)現(xian)申請(qing)人(ren)保留追(zhui)索(suo)權。
3、協議付息票據貼現
協議付(fu)息商業(ye)(ye)(ye)匯(hui)票(piao)貼(tie)現是指(zhi)賣(mai)方(fang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)在銷售商品后(hou)持買方(fang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)交付(fu)的(de) 商業(ye)(ye)(ye)匯(hui)票(piao)(銀行(xing)承(cheng)兌匯(hui)票(piao)或商業(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)兌匯(hui)票(piao))到銀行(xing)申請辦(ban)理貼(tie)現,由買賣(mai) 雙方(fang)按(an)照貼(tie)現付(fu)息協議約定的(de)比例向(xiang)銀行(xing)支付(fu)貼(tie)現利(li)息后(hou)銀行(xing)為賣(mai)方(fang)提(ti)供 的(de)票(piao)據融資業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)。