采暖器哪種好，電采暖器的主要形式

1、電暖器

電暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)一般設置在用(yong)戶(hu)房間內,其屬于(yu)分散式(shi)電采暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)，主要形式(shi)有電熱微晶玻(bo)璃(li)輻射取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電熱石英管取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、電熱油(you)汀、PTC陶瓷電取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、對流式(shi)取暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)風(feng)機(ji)）等(deng)普通電暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和具有蓄(xu)熱功能的(de)相變蓄(xu)熱電暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)。

2、電鍋爐

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)屬于集(ji)(ji)中式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)，其(qi)產生的熱媒（熱水或蒸汽）由集(ji)(ji)中供(gong)熱管(guan)(guan)道輸送到每個(ge)房(fang)間，多用(yong)(yong)于一(yi)幢樓宇或建(jian)筑(zhu)密集(ji)(ji)的居民、商業小區供(gong)熱。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐有普通、蓄(xu)熱兩種。普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐不(bu)帶蓄(xu)熱功能(neng)，國(guo)內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)推出初期被(bei)大量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)結(jie)果(guo)表明，其(qi)運行費用(yong)(yong)偏高，關鍵(jian)是它不(bu)能(neng)充分利用(yong)(yong)夜(ye)間的廉價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，且進一(yi)步加大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的峰(feng)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)差。現在普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐逐漸被(bei)蓄(xu)熱式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐所替代。蓄(xu)熱式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐采(cai)用(yong)(yong)低谷(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄(xu)熱，可削峰(feng)填(tian)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)，縮小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)應峰(feng)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)差，優化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)結(jie)構，得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)部門(men)推薦(jian)，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可享(xiang)受低谷(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)；但一(yi)次投資較(jiao)高。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)爐采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)由于供(gong)熱管(guan)(guan)網(wang)有熱損失、末端用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)調節困難，其(qi)總體能(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)率較(jiao)低。

3、電熱膜

目前國(guo)內涌現出了大(da)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)生產廠家，其使(shi)用得到大(da)力推廣。它屬(shu)于分散式電(dian)(dian)采暖(nuan)。電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)是一種通電(dian)(dian)后(hou)能發熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)半透明聚酯(zhi)薄膜(mo)，由(you)可(ke)導電(dian)(dian)的(de)特制油墨(mo)、金屬(shu)載流條經印刷、熱(re)(re)(re)壓在(zai)兩層絕緣(yuan)聚酯(zhi)薄膜(mo)間(jian)制成的(de)，并(bing)配以獨立的(de)溫控裝置，其工作(zuo)時表面溫度(du)為(wei)40℃-60℃。電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)采暖(nuan)時大(da)部分熱(re)(re)(re)量以輻射方式送入房間(jian)。單獨的(de)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)采暖(nuan)由(you)于不具有蓄熱(re)(re)(re)功能其運行(xing)費(fei)用偏高，不利于電(dian)(dian)網的(de)削(xue)峰填谷(gu)。如能與相變蓄熱(re)(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)地(di)板結合使(shi)用則可(ke)克服(fu)這一缺陷。

4、相變蓄熱電熱地板

相(xiang)變(bian)蓄熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)地板(ban)(ban)(ban)（簡(jian)稱相(xiang)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)地板(ban)(ban)(ban)）是一種新穎的采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)方式，目(mu)前還處于(yu)研(yan)究中。它利(li)用(yong)定形相(xiang)變(bian)材料(liao)把電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)膜或電(dian)(dian)纜所消耗的夜(ye)間廉價電(dian)(dian)轉變(bian)為熱(re)(re)能儲存(cun)起(qi)來，供白天(tian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)。這樣(yang)可以節(jie)省采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)運行費用(yong)、對電(dian)(dian)網實現(xian)削(xue)峰填(tian)谷。將相(xiang)變(bian)材料(liao)貯存(cun)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)與地板(ban)(ban)(ban)采(cai)(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)方式相(xiang)結合，是潔凈、節(jie)能、方便(bian)和舒適的選擇。

5、熱泵

熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)是利用(yong)少量(liang)的電(dian)能(neng)把(ba)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)從(cong)低(di)位(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)輸送到高位(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)以滿足采暖(nuan)需要的裝(zhuang)置。根據(ju)低(di)位(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)種(zhong)類區分，熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)可分為空(kong)氣源(yuan)熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)、水源(yuan)熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)和土(tu)壤(rang)源(yuan)熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)等。

(1) 空氣源熱泵

在(zai)我國用得(de)最多(duo)的(de)空(kong)氣-空(kong)氣熱泵(beng)是可(ke)以進行(xing)全年空(kong)調(diao)的(de)熱泵(beng)式房(fang)間(jian)空(kong)調(diao)器(qi)。這種空(kong)調(diao)器(qi)有整體(ti)式和分離式兩類。這些(xie)房(fang)間(jian)空(kong)調(diao)器(qi)適用于一個房(fang)間(jian)的(de)全年空(kong)調(diao)，其中有的(de)產品裝有輔助電加(jia)熱器(qi)，可(ke)在(zai)室外(wai)空(kong)氣溫度過低時補充加(jia)熱。

(2) 水源熱泵

水(shui)源(yuan)熱(re)(re)(re)泵系統由室外(wai)(wai)水(shui)源(yuan)、熱(re)(re)(re)泵、水(shui)循(xun)環(huan)回路(lu)和送(song)風系統等組成。制冷運行(xing)時，將房間的余熱(re)(re)(re)及機組的輸入功率一起(qi)都轉移到室外(wai)(wai)水(shui)源(yuan)中(zhong)去；供熱(re)(re)(re)運行(xing)時，從室外(wai)(wai)水(shui)源(yuan)中(zhong)提(ti)取熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)。這種(zhong)系統具有(you)調節方便(bian)、單獨計價、布置緊(jin)湊、簡(jian)捷靈(ling)活，設計方便(bian)、施工及運行(xing)管理簡(jian)便(bian)等優點。但是其應(ying)用受到水(shui)源(yuan)的制約。

(3) 土壤源熱泵

土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)源(yuan)熱(re)(re)(re)泵以(yi)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)儲存(cun)的熱(re)(re)(re)能為能源(yuan),來實(shi)現冬季(ji)(ji)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)、夏季(ji)(ji)制冷 。采集器在冬季(ji)(ji)從(cong)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)內(nei)采集熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)時，實(shi)際在對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)內(nei)注入冷量(liang)；而夏季(ji)(ji)采集冷量(liang)時，在對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)內(nei)注入熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)，這樣對(dui)調(diao)節淺層土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的溫度(du)場(chang)，改善動植(zhi)物的生存(cun)條件也將會(hui)起到一定的作用(yong)。對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)源(yuan)熱(re)(re)(re)泵的應用(yong)研究(jiu)還剛起步(bu)(bu)，有待進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)的研究(jiu)與(yu)開發。

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