承德避(bi)(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)，又稱“熱河(he)行宮”，坐落于中國北部河(he)北省承德市中心以北的狹長谷地上，占地面積584公頃(qing)。避(bi)(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)始(shi)建(jian)于清康(kang)(kang)熙四十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1703年(nian)(nian)），雍正(zheng)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1723—1736年(nian)(nian)在位(wei)）時代一度暫停(ting)營建(jian)，清乾隆六年(nian)(nian)至五十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1741—1792年(nian)(nian)）又繼續修(xiu)建(jian)，增加了乾隆36景和山(shan)莊(zhuang)外的外八廟。整(zheng)個避(bi)(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)的營建(jian)歷時近90年(nian)(nian)。這期間清王朝國力興盛，能(neng)工巧(qiao)匠云(yun)集于此。康(kang)(kang)熙五十(shi)年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1711年(nian)(nian)）康(kang)(kang)熙帝還親自在山(shan)莊(zhuang)午門上題寫了“避(bi)(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)”門額(e)。避(bi)(bi)暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)主要分為宮殿(dian)區和苑景區兩部分。

宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)位于(yu)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)南(nan)部，宮(gong)室(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑林立，布(bu)局嚴(yan)整，是(shi)紫禁城的(de)縮影。其布(bu)局運(yun)用了(le)“前(qian)宮(gong)后(hou)苑(yuan)”的(de)傳(chuan)統手法。宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)位于(yu)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)南(nan)端，包(bao)括正(zheng)宮(gong)、松(song)鶴(he)齋、東(dong)宮(gong)和萬(wan)壑松(song)風四組建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群。正(zheng)宮(gong)在(zai)(zai)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)西側，是(shi)清代皇帝處理政(zheng)務和居住(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)，按“前(qian)朝后(hou)寢(qin)”的(de)形(xing)制，由九進(jin)院(yuan)落(luo)組成(cheng)(cheng)；布(bu)局嚴(yan)整，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑外(wai)形(xing)簡樸，裝(zhuang)修淡(dan)雅(ya)。主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)全由四川(chuan)、云南(nan)的(de)名貴(gui)楠(nan)木建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)，素身(shen)燙蠟，雕(diao)刻精美。庭院(yuan)大小、回廊高(gao)低(di)、山(shan)(shan)石配置、樹(shu)木種植(zhi)，都(dou)使人(ren)感到平易(yi)親(qin)切(qie)，與(yu)京城巍峨豪(hao)華(hua)的(de)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)大不相同。松(song)鶴(he)齋在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)宮(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，由七進(jin)院(yuan)落(luo)組成(cheng)(cheng)，庭中古(gu)松(song)聳峙，環(huan)境清幽。萬(wan)壑松(song)風在(zai)(zai)松(song)鶴(he)齋之(zhi)(zhi)北，是(shi)乾隆幼時讀書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)處，六幢大小不同的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑錯落(luo)布(bu)置，以回廊相連，富于(yu)南(nan)方園(yuan)林建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑之(zhi)(zhi)特色。東(dong)宮(gong)在(zai)(zai)松(song)鶴(he)齋之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，已(yi)毀于(yu)火災(zai)。

苑景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)又(you)分湖(hu)泊區(qu)(qu)、平原(yuan)區(qu)(qu)和(he)山(shan)(shan)岳(yue)區(qu)(qu)。湖(hu)泊區(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)莊風景(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)。被小州嶼分隔成形(xing)(xing)式各(ge)異、意趣不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)面(mian)，用長堤、小橋、曲(qu)徑縱橫相連。湖(hu)岸曲(qu)逶，樓(lou)(lou)閣(ge)相間(jian)，層(ceng)(ceng)次(ci)豐富，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)派江南水鄉(xiang)風光。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑采用分散(san)布(bu)局之(zhi)手法，園(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)有(you)園(yuan)(yuan)，每組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑都(dou)形(xing)(xing)成獨立的(de)(de)(de)小天地(di)。山(shan)(shan)莊72景(jing)(jing)就有(you)31景(jing)(jing)在(zai)湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)。煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)仿嘉興南湖(hu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。主樓(lou)(lou)是(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)各(ge)寬5間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)，周圍回廊相抱，四(si)(si)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)對山(shan)(shan)齋(zhai)，齋(zhai)前(qian)假(jia)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)又(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六角(jiao)亭(ting)，布(bu)局玲瓏精巧(qiao)，環(huan)境(jing)幽雅(ya)宜(yi)人(ren)，是(shi)(shi)避暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊最(zui)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)勝景(jing)(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。山(shan)(shan)阜平臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)三間(jian)殿和(he)帝(di)王閣(ge)，俗(su)(su)稱“金(jin)山(shan)(shan)亭(ting)”，六角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)，共3層(ceng)(ceng)，內(nei)(nei)供(gong)玉皇大帝(di)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)最(zui)高(gao)點(dian)，與煙雨(yu)樓(lou)(lou)同(tong)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)莊的(de)(de)(de)代表性風景(jing)(jing)點(dian)。平原(yuan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)萬(wan)樹(shu)園(yuan)(yuan)北依山(shan)(shan)麓，南臨(lin)湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)，占(zhan)地(di)80公(gong)頃，遍植名(ming)木佳樹(shu)，西邊地(di)面(mian)空(kong)曠，綠草如茵，為(wei)(wei)清(qing)(qing)帝(di)巡幸山(shan)(shan)莊時放牧之(zhi)地(di)。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)無任何(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑，只是(shi)(shi)按蒙(meng)古(gu)習俗(su)(su)設置了蒙(meng)古(gu)區(qu)(qu)與活(huo)動(dong)房屋(wu)，清(qing)(qing)帝(di)常在(zai)此(ci)舉行(xing)馬技、雜枝、摔跤、放焰火(huo)等(deng)活(huo)動(dong)。并(bing)接見(jian)各(ge)民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)人(ren)物與外國使(shi)節。御(yu)幄專供(gong)皇上(shang)(shang)(shang)使(shi)用，直徑7丈2尺，幄內(nei)(nei)張掛(gua)壁毯，地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)鋪(pu)白(bai)氈，頂(ding)上(shang)(shang)(shang)掛(gua)各(ge)種(zhong)精美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)宮燈。萬(wan)樹(shu)園(yuan)(yuan)旁有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)舍(she)利塔，形(xing)(xing)制仿杭州六和(he)塔，是(shi)(shi)乾隆(long)十九年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元1754年(nian)(nian)）改造，高(gao)65米(mi)，八角(jiao)九層(ceng)(ceng)。文津閣(ge)是(shi)(shi)皇家七(qi)大藏書樓(lou)(lou)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，為(wei)(wei)藏《四(si)(si)庫全書》依照寧波(bo)天一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)閣(ge)而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)岳(yue)區(qu)(qu)最(zui)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)風景(jing)(jing)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)梨(li)樹(shu)峪，因這(zhe)(zhe)里有(you)萬(wan)樹(shu)梨(li)花，花香(xiang)襲人(ren)，花色似雪而(er)得名(ming)。西北隅高(gao)峰(feng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)四(si)(si)面(mian)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)亭(ting)，亭(ting)居(ju)于(yu)峰(feng)巔，歇山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)，四(si)(si)面(mian)開(kai)門窗，可登此(ci)俯覽群山(shan)(shan)，遠近景(jing)(jing)色盡收(shou)眼底。棒(bang)錘山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)頂(ding)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巨大的(de)(de)(de)石棒(bang)錘，下(xia)面(mian)有(you)石臺(tai)。棒(bang)錘高(gao)38.29米(mi)，頂(ding)部直徑15.04米(mi)，根部直徑10.7米(mi)，生成三百萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)來，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直挺立不倒，為(wei)(wei)承德一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大奇觀(guan)。

避暑山莊周圍12座(zuo)建筑風格(ge)各(ge)異的(de)寺(si)廟(miao)，是當時清政府(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)了(le)團結蒙(meng)古、新(xin)疆(jiang)、西藏(zang)等(deng)(deng)地(di)區的(de)少數(shu)民族，利用宗教作為(wei)(wei)籠絡手段而(er)修建的(de)。其中的(de)8座(zuo)由清政府(fu)(fu)直接管理，故被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“外(wai)八廟(miao)”。廟(miao)宇按照建筑風格(ge)分為(wei)(wei)藏(zang)式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)、漢式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)和漢藏(zang)結合式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)三(san)種。這些(xie)寺(si)廟(miao)融和了(le)漢、藏(zang)等(deng)(deng)民族建筑藝術的(de)精華，氣勢(shi)宏偉，極(ji)具皇家(jia)風范。

避暑(shu)山(shan)莊及(ji)周圍寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)現(xian)存(cun)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)古(gu)代(dai)帝(di)王苑囿和(he)皇(huang)家(jia)寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)群。它(ta)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)藝(yi)術和(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術之(zhi)大(da)成(cheng)，是(shi)具有創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)力的(de)(de)杰作(zuo)。在造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上，它(ta)繼承和(he)發(fa)展了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)典園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林“以人為之(zhi)美入自(zi)然，符合(he)自(zi)然而又超(chao)越自(zi)然”的(de)(de)傳統(tong)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)思想，總結并(bing)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性(xing)(xing)地運(yun)用(yong)(yong)了(le)各(ge)(ge)種造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素材(cai)、造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技法(fa)，使(shi)其成(cheng)為自(zi)然山(shan)水園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林化的(de)(de)杰出代(dai)表(biao)。在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)上，它(ta)繼承、發(fa)展、并(bing)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性(xing)(xing)地運(yun)用(yong)(yong)各(ge)(ge)種建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)技藝(yi)，擷取中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南北名園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名寺(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)精(jing)華，仿(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有創(chuang)，表(biao)達(da)了(le)“移天縮(suo)地在君懷”的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)題。在園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林與寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)、單(dan)體(ti)與組群建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)具體(ti)構建(jian)(jian)上，避暑(shu)山(shan)莊及(ji)周圍寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)南北造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術的(de)(de)融合(he)。它(ta)囊括了(le)亭臺閣寺(si)(si)(si)等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)大(da)部(bu)分建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)象(xiang)，展示了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)木(mu)架結構建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)高超(chao)技藝(yi)，并(bing)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)木(mu)架結構與磚(zhuan)石(shi)結構、漢式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式與少數(shu)民族建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式的(de)(de)完美結合(he)。加之(zhi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)裝飾及(ji)佛教造(zao)(zao)像等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)最(zui)高超(chao)技藝(yi)的(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)，構成(cheng)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)史上的(de)(de)奇(qi)觀。