承德避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊，又稱(cheng)“熱河行宮(gong)”，坐落于中(zhong)國北部河北省承德市中(zhong)心以北的(de)狹(xia)長谷地上，占地面積584公(gong)頃。避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊始建(jian)于清(qing)(qing)康熙四十(shi)二年（公(gong)元1703年），雍正（公(gong)元1723—1736年在(zai)位）時(shi)代(dai)一度暫停(ting)營(ying)建(jian)，清(qing)(qing)乾隆六年至五十(shi)七年（公(gong)元1741—1792年）又繼(ji)續修建(jian)，增加(jia)了乾隆36景(jing)和山(shan)(shan)莊外的(de)外八(ba)廟。整個避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊的(de)營(ying)建(jian)歷時(shi)近90年。這期間清(qing)(qing)王朝國力興(xing)盛，能工巧匠(jiang)云(yun)集于此(ci)。康熙五十(shi)年（公(gong)元1711年）康熙帝還親自在(zai)山(shan)(shan)莊午門上題寫了“避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊”門額。避(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)莊主要分為宮(gong)殿區和苑景(jing)區兩部分。

宮(gong)(gong)殿區位(wei)于(yu)山(shan)莊南(nan)部，宮(gong)(gong)室建筑(zhu)林(lin)立，布(bu)局(ju)嚴(yan)整，是紫禁(jin)城(cheng)的(de)(de)縮影(ying)。其布(bu)局(ju)運用了“前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)后苑”的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統手法。宮(gong)(gong)殿位(wei)于(yu)山(shan)莊南(nan)端(duan)，包括正宮(gong)(gong)、松(song)鶴(he)齋(zhai)、東(dong)(dong)宮(gong)(gong)和萬(wan)壑松(song)風(feng)四(si)組(zu)建筑(zhu)群。正宮(gong)(gong)在宮(gong)(gong)殿區西(xi)側，是清(qing)代皇帝處理政務和居住之(zhi)(zhi)所，按(an)“前(qian)朝后寢”的(de)(de)形制，由(you)九(jiu)進院(yuan)落(luo)(luo)組(zu)成(cheng)；布(bu)局(ju)嚴(yan)整，建筑(zhu)外形簡樸，裝修淡雅。主(zhu)殿全(quan)由(you)四(si)川、云南(nan)的(de)(de)名貴楠木建成(cheng)，素身燙蠟，雕刻精美。庭院(yuan)大小、回廊高低、山(shan)石(shi)配(pei)置(zhi)、樹木種植(zhi)，都使人感到(dao)平易親切，與京城(cheng)巍(wei)峨豪(hao)華(hua)的(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)殿大不相同。松(song)鶴(he)齋(zhai)在正宮(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)，由(you)七進院(yuan)落(luo)(luo)組(zu)成(cheng)，庭中古松(song)聳峙(zhi)，環境清(qing)幽。萬(wan)壑松(song)風(feng)在松(song)鶴(he)齋(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)北，是乾隆幼時讀書之(zhi)(zhi)處，六幢大小不同的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)錯落(luo)(luo)布(bu)置(zhi)，以回廊相連，富于(yu)南(nan)方園林(lin)建筑(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)特(te)色。東(dong)(dong)宮(gong)(gong)在松(song)鶴(he)齋(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)，已(yi)毀于(yu)火災。

苑(yuan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區又分(fen)(fen)湖(hu)泊區、平(ping)原區和山(shan)岳(yue)區。湖(hu)泊區是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)莊風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點。被小(xiao)(xiao)州嶼分(fen)(fen)隔成形式各(ge)(ge)異(yi)、意趣(qu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)面(mian)，用(yong)(yong)長堤(di)、小(xiao)(xiao)橋、曲徑縱橫相(xiang)連。湖(hu)岸曲逶，樓(lou)閣(ge)相(xiang)間(jian)，層(ceng)(ceng)次豐富，一(yi)派江南水鄉風(feng)光(guang)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)采用(yong)(yong)分(fen)(fen)散布局之(zhi)(zhi)手(shou)法，園(yuan)中有(you)園(yuan)，每組建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)都形成獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)天地。山(shan)莊72景(jing)(jing)(jing)就有(you)31景(jing)(jing)(jing)在湖(hu)區。煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)仿嘉興南湖(hu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)而建(jian)(jian)(jian)。主(zhu)樓(lou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)各(ge)(ge)寬5間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩層(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)，周(zhou)圍(wei)回廊相(xiang)抱，四(si)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)對山(shan)齋(zhai)，齋(zhai)前假山(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)又建(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)亭(ting)(ting)，布局玲瓏精(jing)巧(qiao)，環境幽雅宜人(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)避暑山(shan)莊最著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝景(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。山(shan)阜平(ping)臺上(shang)(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)三間(jian)殿和帝(di)王閣(ge)，俗稱“金山(shan)亭(ting)(ting)”，六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)形，共3層(ceng)(ceng)，內供玉皇大(da)帝(di)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)湖(hu)區最高點，與(yu)煙(yan)雨(yu)樓(lou)同(tong)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)莊的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表性風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點。平(ping)原區的(de)(de)(de)(de)萬(wan)樹(shu)(shu)園(yuan)北(bei)(bei)依山(shan)麓，南臨湖(hu)區，占(zhan)地80公頃，遍植名(ming)木(mu)佳(jia)樹(shu)(shu)，西邊地面(mian)空曠(kuang)，綠草如茵，為(wei)(wei)清(qing)帝(di)巡(xun)幸(xing)山(shan)莊時放牧之(zhi)(zhi)地。園(yuan)內無(wu)任(ren)何建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)按蒙古習俗設(she)置了蒙古區與(yu)活動(dong)房(fang)屋(wu)，清(qing)帝(di)常在此(ci)舉行馬技、雜枝、摔跤、放焰火等活動(dong)。并接見各(ge)(ge)民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)人(ren)物與(yu)外國使節。御(yu)幄(wo)專供皇上(shang)(shang)(shang)使用(yong)(yong)，直徑7丈2尺，幄(wo)內張掛壁毯，地上(shang)(shang)(shang)鋪白氈，頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)(shang)(shang)掛各(ge)(ge)種精(jing)美的(de)(de)(de)(de)宮燈。萬(wan)樹(shu)(shu)園(yuan)旁有(you)一(yi)座(zuo)舍利塔，形制仿杭州六(liu)和塔，是(shi)(shi)(shi)乾(qian)隆(long)十九(jiu)年（公元1754年）改(gai)造(zao)，高65米，八角(jiao)(jiao)九(jiu)層(ceng)(ceng)。文津閣(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)皇家(jia)七大(da)藏(zang)書樓(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，為(wei)(wei)藏(zang)《四(si)庫(ku)全(quan)書》依照寧(ning)波天一(yi)閣(ge)而建(jian)(jian)(jian)。山(shan)岳(yue)區最著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)梨(li)樹(shu)(shu)峪，因(yin)這(zhe)(zhe)里有(you)萬(wan)樹(shu)(shu)梨(li)花，花香(xiang)襲人(ren)，花色似雪而得名(ming)。西北(bei)(bei)隅(yu)高峰(feng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，有(you)一(yi)座(zuo)四(si)面(mian)云山(shan)亭(ting)(ting)，亭(ting)(ting)居于峰(feng)巔(dian)，歇山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)，四(si)面(mian)開(kai)門窗，可登此(ci)俯覽群山(shan)，遠近景(jing)(jing)(jing)色盡收(shou)眼(yan)底。棒錘山(shan)峰(feng)頂(ding)(ding)有(you)一(yi)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)棒錘，下(xia)面(mian)有(you)石(shi)臺。棒錘高38.29米，頂(ding)(ding)部直徑15.04米，根部直徑10.7米，生成三百萬(wan)年來，一(yi)直挺立不(bu)倒，為(wei)(wei)承(cheng)德一(yi)大(da)奇觀。

避暑山莊周圍12座(zuo)建筑風(feng)格(ge)各(ge)異的(de)寺(si)廟(miao)，是(shi)當時(shi)清政府為(wei)了團結蒙古、新疆、西(xi)藏(zang)等地區的(de)少數(shu)民(min)族(zu)，利用宗教作為(wei)籠絡(luo)手段(duan)而修(xiu)建的(de)。其中的(de)8座(zuo)由清政府直接管理，故被(bei)稱為(wei)“外八(ba)廟(miao)”。廟(miao)宇按照建筑風(feng)格(ge)分為(wei)藏(zang)式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)、漢式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)和(he)漢藏(zang)結合式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)三種(zhong)。這些寺(si)廟(miao)融和(he)了漢、藏(zang)等民(min)族(zu)建筑藝(yi)術的(de)精華，氣勢宏偉，極具(ju)皇家風(feng)范(fan)。

避暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)及(ji)周圍(wei)寺(si)廟，是中(zhong)(zhong)國現存最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)古代(dai)(dai)帝王苑囿和(he)(he)皇家寺(si)廟群。它(ta)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)國古代(dai)(dai)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)藝術(shu)和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)之大(da)成(cheng)，是具有(you)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)力(li)的(de)(de)杰作。在造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)(shang)，它(ta)繼承和(he)(he)發展了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國古典園(yuan)(yuan)林“以(yi)人為(wei)之美入自然(ran)，符合(he)自然(ran)而又超越自然(ran)”的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)思想，總結并(bing)(bing)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)用(yong)了(le)各種(zhong)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)素材(cai)、造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)法，使其成(cheng)為(wei)自然(ran)山(shan)水(shui)園(yuan)(yuan)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)園(yuan)(yuan)林化的(de)(de)杰出代(dai)(dai)表。在建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)，它(ta)繼承、發展、并(bing)(bing)創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)用(yong)各種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)藝，擷取中(zhong)(zhong)國南北(bei)名園(yuan)(yuan)名寺(si)的(de)(de)精華，仿中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)創(chuang)(chuang)，表達了(le)“移天縮地在君懷”的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主題。在園(yuan)(yuan)林與寺(si)廟、單體(ti)與組群建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)具體(ti)構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)，避暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)及(ji)周圍(wei)寺(si)廟實現了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國古代(dai)(dai)南北(bei)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)的(de)(de)融合(he)。它(ta)囊括了(le)亭臺閣(ge)寺(si)等中(zhong)(zhong)國古代(dai)(dai)大(da)部分建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)象，展示(shi)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國古代(dai)(dai)木(mu)架結構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)高(gao)超技(ji)藝，并(bing)(bing)實現了(le)木(mu)架結構(gou)(gou)與磚石結構(gou)(gou)、漢式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式與少(shao)數民族建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式的(de)(de)完美結合(he)。加之建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝飾及(ji)佛教造(zao)(zao)像等中(zhong)(zhong)國古代(dai)(dai)最(zui)高(gao)超技(ji)藝的(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)，構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國古代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)奇觀(guan)。