承德(de)避(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)，又(you)稱“熱河(he)行(xing)宮”，坐落于(yu)中國北部(bu)河(he)北省承德(de)市中心以(yi)北的狹長谷地(di)上，占地(di)面積584公(gong)頃。避(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)始建于(yu)清(qing)康熙四十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)1703年(nian)(nian)），雍正(zheng)（公(gong)元(yuan)1723—1736年(nian)(nian)在位(wei)）時代(dai)一度暫停營建，清(qing)乾隆(long)六年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)五(wu)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)1741—1792年(nian)(nian)）又(you)繼續修(xiu)建，增加了乾隆(long)36景(jing)(jing)和山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)外的外八廟。整個(ge)避(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的營建歷(li)時近90年(nian)(nian)。這期間清(qing)王朝國力興盛，能工巧匠云集于(yu)此。康熙五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)1711年(nian)(nian)）康熙帝還親自在山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)午門(men)上題寫了“避(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)”門(men)額。避(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)主要(yao)分為宮殿(dian)區和苑景(jing)(jing)區兩部(bu)分。

宮(gong)(gong)殿區(qu)(qu)位于(yu)山莊南(nan)(nan)部，宮(gong)(gong)室建(jian)筑林(lin)立，布局(ju)嚴整，是(shi)紫禁城的縮影(ying)。其布局(ju)運用了“前(qian)宮(gong)(gong)后(hou)苑”的傳統手法。宮(gong)(gong)殿位于(yu)山莊南(nan)(nan)端，包括正宮(gong)(gong)、松(song)鶴齋(zhai)、東宮(gong)(gong)和(he)萬壑松(song)風(feng)四組建(jian)筑群。正宮(gong)(gong)在(zai)宮(gong)(gong)殿區(qu)(qu)西側(ce)，是(shi)清(qing)代皇帝處(chu)理政務和(he)居住之所(suo)，按“前(qian)朝后(hou)寢(qin)”的形制，由(you)九進院(yuan)(yuan)落組成(cheng)；布局(ju)嚴整，建(jian)筑外形簡樸，裝修淡雅。主殿全由(you)四川、云南(nan)(nan)的名(ming)貴楠木(mu)建(jian)成(cheng)，素身燙蠟(la)，雕(diao)刻精美(mei)。庭院(yuan)(yuan)大(da)小、回廊高低、山石配(pei)置、樹(shu)木(mu)種植(zhi)，都(dou)使人感(gan)到平易親切，與京(jing)城巍峨豪華的宮(gong)(gong)殿大(da)不(bu)相同。松(song)鶴齋(zhai)在(zai)正宮(gong)(gong)之東，由(you)七進院(yuan)(yuan)落組成(cheng)，庭中古松(song)聳(song)峙，環境(jing)清(qing)幽。萬壑松(song)風(feng)在(zai)松(song)鶴齋(zhai)之北，是(shi)乾隆(long)幼時讀(du)書之處(chu)，六(liu)幢大(da)小不(bu)同的建(jian)筑錯落布置，以回廊相連(lian)，富于(yu)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)園林(lin)建(jian)筑之特色(se)。東宮(gong)(gong)在(zai)松(song)鶴齋(zhai)之東，已毀于(yu)火災(zai)。

苑景(jing)(jing)區(qu)又分(fen)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)區(qu)、平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)岳(yue)區(qu)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)區(qu)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)風景(jing)(jing)的重(zhong)點(dian)。被小州嶼分(fen)隔成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)各(ge)異、意趣不同(tong)的湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面，用(yong)長堤、小橋、曲(qu)徑縱橫相連。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)岸曲(qu)逶，樓(lou)(lou)閣(ge)(ge)相間，層(ceng)次豐富(fu)，一派江(jiang)南(nan)水(shui)鄉風光(guang)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)采用(yong)分(fen)散布局之手法，園(yuan)中有(you)園(yuan)，每組建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)都形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)獨立的小天地。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)72景(jing)(jing)就有(you)31景(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)。煙雨樓(lou)(lou)仿嘉(jia)興(xing)南(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中的煙雨樓(lou)(lou)而建(jian)(jian)。主樓(lou)(lou)是(shi)(shi)上下(xia)各(ge)寬5間的兩層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)，周圍回廊相抱，四(si)(si)面為(wei)對山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)齋(zhai)，齋(zhai)前假山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上又建(jian)(jian)一六角亭，布局玲瓏精巧，環境幽雅宜人(ren)，是(shi)(shi)避暑山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)最(zui)著名的勝景(jing)(jing)之一。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)阜平(ping)(ping)臺上建(jian)(jian)有(you)三間殿(dian)和(he)帝(di)王(wang)閣(ge)(ge)，俗稱“金山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亭”，六角形(xing)(xing)，共3層(ceng)，內(nei)供(gong)玉皇(huang)(huang)大帝(di)。這是(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)點(dian)，與煙雨樓(lou)(lou)同(tong)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)的代(dai)表性風景(jing)(jing)點(dian)。平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)的萬(wan)樹園(yuan)北依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)，南(nan)臨(lin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)，占地80公頃，遍(bian)植名木佳樹，西邊(bian)地面空曠，綠(lv)草如茵，為(wei)清帝(di)巡(xun)幸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)時放(fang)牧(mu)之地。園(yuan)內(nei)無任(ren)何建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)按蒙古(gu)習俗設置了蒙古(gu)區(qu)與活動房屋，清帝(di)常在(zai)(zai)此(ci)舉行馬技、雜(za)枝、摔跤、放(fang)焰火等活動。并接見各(ge)民族的上層(ceng)人(ren)物(wu)與外國使(shi)節。御(yu)幄專(zhuan)供(gong)皇(huang)(huang)上使(shi)用(yong)，直(zhi)徑7丈2尺，幄內(nei)張掛壁毯，地上鋪白氈(zhan)，頂上掛各(ge)種精美的宮燈。萬(wan)樹園(yuan)旁(pang)有(you)一座舍利塔(ta)(ta)，形(xing)(xing)制仿杭(hang)州六和(he)塔(ta)(ta)，是(shi)(shi)乾隆十九(jiu)年（公元1754年）改造，高(gao)(gao)65米(mi)，八(ba)角九(jiu)層(ceng)。文津閣(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)皇(huang)(huang)家七大藏書(shu)樓(lou)(lou)之一，為(wei)藏《四(si)(si)庫全書(shu)》依照寧(ning)波天一閣(ge)(ge)而建(jian)(jian)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)岳(yue)區(qu)最(zui)著名的風景(jing)(jing)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)梨樹峪，因這里有(you)萬(wan)樹梨花，花香襲人(ren)，花色似雪而得名。西北隅高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)上，有(you)一座四(si)(si)面云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亭，亭居于(yu)峰(feng)巔，歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂，四(si)(si)面開門窗，可登此(ci)俯(fu)覽群(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，遠近景(jing)(jing)色盡收眼底。棒錘(chui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)頂有(you)一巨(ju)大的石棒錘(chui)，下(xia)面有(you)石臺。棒錘(chui)高(gao)(gao)38.29米(mi)，頂部直(zhi)徑15.04米(mi)，根部直(zhi)徑10.7米(mi)，生成(cheng)三百萬(wan)年來，一直(zhi)挺立不倒，為(wei)承德一大奇(qi)觀。

避暑山莊周圍12座建(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)格各(ge)異的(de)寺(si)廟(miao)，是當時清(qing)政府為(wei)(wei)了團結(jie)蒙古、新疆、西藏(zang)等地區的(de)少數(shu)民族(zu)，利(li)用宗教作為(wei)(wei)籠(long)絡(luo)手段而修建(jian)(jian)的(de)。其中的(de)8座由清(qing)政府直接管理，故被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“外八廟(miao)”。廟(miao)宇按照建(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)格分(fen)為(wei)(wei)藏(zang)式寺(si)廟(miao)、漢(han)式寺(si)廟(miao)和漢(han)藏(zang)結(jie)合式寺(si)廟(miao)三種。這些(xie)寺(si)廟(miao)融和了漢(han)、藏(zang)等民族(zu)建(jian)(jian)筑藝術的(de)精華，氣勢宏偉，極(ji)具皇家風(feng)范。

避暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)及(ji)周圍寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)，是中(zhong)國(guo)現存最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)帝王苑囿(you)和皇家(jia)寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)群。它(ta)集中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)藝(yi)術(shu)和建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術(shu)之(zhi)大(da)(da)成(cheng)，是具有(you)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)力的(de)(de)杰(jie)作(zuo)。在造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)上，它(ta)繼承(cheng)和發(fa)(fa)展了中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)典園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)“以人為之(zhi)美入自然(ran)，符合自然(ran)而又(you)超越自然(ran)”的(de)(de)傳統(tong)造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)思想，總(zong)結并(bing)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)性(xing)地(di)(di)運(yun)用了各(ge)種造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)素材(cai)、造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)技法，使(shi)其成(cheng)為自然(ran)山(shan)水園(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)化的(de)(de)杰(jie)出(chu)代(dai)(dai)表。在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上，它(ta)繼承(cheng)、發(fa)(fa)展、并(bing)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)性(xing)地(di)(di)運(yun)用各(ge)種建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技藝(yi)，擷取中(zhong)國(guo)南(nan)北(bei)名園(yuan)(yuan)名寺(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)精華，仿中(zhong)有(you)創(chuang)，表達了“移天縮地(di)(di)在君(jun)懷”的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主題。在園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)與(yu)(yu)寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)、單體與(yu)(yu)組(zu)群建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)具體構(gou)建(jian)(jian)上，避暑山(shan)莊(zhuang)及(ji)周圍寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)實(shi)現了中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)南(nan)北(bei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)和建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)融合。它(ta)囊(nang)括了亭臺(tai)閣寺(si)(si)(si)等中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)部分建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)象(xiang)，展示了中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)木架結構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)高超技藝(yi)，并(bing)實(shi)現了木架結構(gou)與(yu)(yu)磚石(shi)結構(gou)、漢式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)與(yu)(yu)少數民族建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)完(wan)美結合。加之(zhi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝飾及(ji)佛教造(zao)(zao)(zao)像(xiang)等中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)最高超技藝(yi)的(de)(de)運(yun)用，構(gou)成(cheng)了中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史上的(de)(de)奇觀。