承(cheng)(cheng)德避(bi)(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊，又稱“熱河行宮(gong)”，坐落(luo)于(yu)中國北部(bu)河北省承(cheng)(cheng)德市中心以北的狹長谷(gu)地上(shang)，占地面積584公(gong)(gong)頃。避(bi)(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊始建(jian)于(yu)清康熙四十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1703年(nian)），雍正（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1723—1736年(nian)在位(wei)）時代一度暫停營建(jian)，清乾隆(long)六年(nian)至五十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1741—1792年(nian)）又繼(ji)續修建(jian)，增加(jia)了(le)乾隆(long)36景(jing)和(he)山(shan)莊外的外八(ba)廟(miao)。整(zheng)個避(bi)(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊的營建(jian)歷時近90年(nian)。這期(qi)間清王朝(chao)國力(li)興盛(sheng)，能工巧(qiao)匠云(yun)集于(yu)此。康熙五十(shi)(shi)年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1711年(nian)）康熙帝還親自(zi)在山(shan)莊午門上(shang)題寫了(le)“避(bi)(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊”門額。避(bi)(bi)(bi)暑(shu)山(shan)莊主(zhu)要分(fen)為宮(gong)殿區(qu)和(he)苑景(jing)區(qu)兩部(bu)分(fen)。

宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)區(qu)位于(yu)(yu)山莊南(nan)部，宮(gong)室建(jian)筑林立，布(bu)局嚴整，是(shi)紫禁(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)縮影。其布(bu)局運用了“前宮(gong)后(hou)苑”的(de)傳統手法。宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)位于(yu)(yu)山莊南(nan)端，包括正(zheng)宮(gong)、松(song)(song)鶴(he)齋(zhai)、東宮(gong)和(he)萬壑(he)松(song)(song)風(feng)四組(zu)(zu)建(jian)筑群(qun)。正(zheng)宮(gong)在(zai)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)區(qu)西側，是(shi)清代皇(huang)帝(di)處(chu)理政務和(he)居住之(zhi)所，按(an)“前朝后(hou)寢”的(de)形制，由(you)(you)九進(jin)院落組(zu)(zu)成；布(bu)局嚴整，建(jian)筑外形簡樸，裝修淡(dan)雅。主殿(dian)(dian)全(quan)由(you)(you)四川、云南(nan)的(de)名(ming)貴楠木建(jian)成，素(su)身燙蠟，雕刻精美。庭院大小、回廊高(gao)低(di)、山石配(pei)置(zhi)、樹木種植，都使(shi)人(ren)感(gan)到平易親切(qie)，與京城(cheng)(cheng)巍峨豪華的(de)宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)大不(bu)相同(tong)(tong)。松(song)(song)鶴(he)齋(zhai)在(zai)正(zheng)宮(gong)之(zhi)東，由(you)(you)七進(jin)院落組(zu)(zu)成，庭中(zhong)古松(song)(song)聳峙，環境(jing)清幽。萬壑(he)松(song)(song)風(feng)在(zai)松(song)(song)鶴(he)齋(zhai)之(zhi)北，是(shi)乾隆幼時讀(du)書(shu)之(zhi)處(chu)，六幢大小不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)建(jian)筑錯落布(bu)置(zhi)，以回廊相連，富于(yu)(yu)南(nan)方園林建(jian)筑之(zhi)特色(se)。東宮(gong)在(zai)松(song)(song)鶴(he)齋(zhai)之(zhi)東，已毀(hui)于(yu)(yu)火災。

苑景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)又(you)分湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、平原區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)岳(yue)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊風景(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)(dian)。被小州嶼分隔成(cheng)形(xing)式各(ge)異、意趣不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)，用長(chang)堤、小橋、曲徑縱橫相連。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)岸曲逶，樓(lou)閣(ge)相間，層次豐(feng)富(fu)，一(yi)(yi)派江南(nan)水鄉風光。建(jian)筑采用分散布局(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)手法，園中有(you)(you)園，每組建(jian)筑都形(xing)成(cheng)獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小天(tian)地。山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊72景(jing)就(jiu)有(you)(you)31景(jing)在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。煙(yan)雨樓(lou)仿(fang)嘉興南(nan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)雨樓(lou)而(er)建(jian)。主(zhu)樓(lou)是(shi)(shi)上(shang)下(xia)各(ge)寬5間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩層樓(lou)，周圍回(hui)廊(lang)相抱，四面(mian)(mian)為(wei)對(dui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)齋，齋前假山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)又(you)建(jian)一(yi)(yi)六角(jiao)亭(ting)，布局(ju)(ju)玲瓏精(jing)巧，環(huan)境(jing)幽雅宜人(ren)，是(shi)(shi)避暑(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊最著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勝景(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)阜平臺(tai)上(shang)建(jian)有(you)(you)三(san)間殿和(he)帝(di)王閣(ge)，俗稱“金山(shan)(shan)(shan)亭(ting)”，六角(jiao)形(xing)，共3層，內(nei)供玉皇(huang)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)。這是(shi)(shi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)最高點(dian)(dian)，與(yu)煙(yan)雨樓(lou)同為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表性風景(jing)點(dian)(dian)。平原區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萬樹(shu)園北依(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓，南(nan)臨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，占地80公頃，遍植名(ming)(ming)(ming)木佳(jia)樹(shu)，西(xi)邊地面(mian)(mian)空曠，綠草如茵，為(wei)清(qing)帝(di)巡(xun)幸(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)莊時(shi)放牧之(zhi)(zhi)地。園內(nei)無任(ren)何建(jian)筑，只是(shi)(shi)按蒙古習俗設置了(le)蒙古區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)活(huo)動房屋，清(qing)帝(di)常(chang)在(zai)此舉(ju)行馬(ma)技、雜枝、摔跤、放焰(yan)火等活(huo)動。并(bing)接(jie)見各(ge)民族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)層人(ren)物與(yu)外(wai)國使節。御幄專供皇(huang)上(shang)使用，直(zhi)徑7丈2尺(chi)，幄內(nei)張掛(gua)壁毯，地上(shang)鋪白氈，頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)掛(gua)各(ge)種(zhong)精(jing)美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宮燈。萬樹(shu)園旁有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座舍(she)利塔，形(xing)制仿(fang)杭州六和(he)塔，是(shi)(shi)乾隆十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)（公元1754年(nian)）改造，高65米(mi)，八(ba)角(jiao)九(jiu)層。文(wen)津閣(ge)是(shi)(shi)皇(huang)家七大(da)(da)(da)藏書(shu)樓(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，為(wei)藏《四庫全書(shu)》依(yi)照寧(ning)波天(tian)一(yi)(yi)閣(ge)而(er)建(jian)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)岳(yue)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)最著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風景(jing)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)梨(li)(li)樹(shu)峪(yu)，因這里(li)有(you)(you)萬樹(shu)梨(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)，花(hua)(hua)香襲人(ren)，花(hua)(hua)色似雪而(er)得(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。西(xi)北隅高峰(feng)(feng)上(shang)，有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座四面(mian)(mian)云山(shan)(shan)(shan)亭(ting)，亭(ting)居于峰(feng)(feng)巔，歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)，四面(mian)(mian)開門(men)窗，可登(deng)此俯覽群山(shan)(shan)(shan)，遠(yuan)近景(jing)色盡收眼(yan)底。棒錘山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)頂(ding)(ding)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)巨大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石棒錘，下(xia)面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)石臺(tai)。棒錘高38.29米(mi)，頂(ding)(ding)部直(zhi)徑15.04米(mi)，根部直(zhi)徑10.7米(mi)，生成(cheng)三(san)百萬年(nian)來，一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)挺立(li)不倒，為(wei)承德一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)奇觀。

避暑山莊(zhuang)周(zhou)圍12座建筑風(feng)格(ge)各異的寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)，是當時清(qing)(qing)政府為了團結蒙古(gu)、新疆(jiang)、西藏等地區(qu)的少數民族(zu)，利用(yong)宗教作為籠絡(luo)手(shou)段而修建的。其中的8座由清(qing)(qing)政府直接管(guan)理，故被稱為“外八廟(miao)(miao)”。廟(miao)(miao)宇按(an)照(zhao)建筑風(feng)格(ge)分為藏式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)、漢(han)式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)和漢(han)藏結合(he)式(shi)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)三種。這些寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)融(rong)和了漢(han)、藏等民族(zu)建筑藝術的精華，氣勢(shi)宏偉(wei)，極具(ju)皇家風(feng)范。

避(bi)暑(shu)(shu)山(shan)莊及(ji)周圍寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)現存最大(da)(da)的古(gu)代帝(di)王苑囿和(he)皇(huang)家寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)群。它集中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)藝術(shu)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)之大(da)(da)成，是(shi)具(ju)有創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)力(li)的杰(jie)作。在(zai)(zai)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)，它繼承和(he)發展(zhan)了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)典園(yuan)(yuan)林“以人為(wei)之美入自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)，符合自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)而又超(chao)越自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)”的傳統造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)思想，總結(jie)并(bing)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)用了各種造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)素(su)材、造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)法，使(shi)其成為(wei)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)山(shan)水園(yuan)(yuan)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)園(yuan)(yuan)林化的杰(jie)出(chu)代表。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)，它繼承、發展(zhan)、并(bing)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)性地運(yun)用各種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技(ji)(ji)藝，擷取中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)南北(bei)名(ming)園(yuan)(yuan)名(ming)寺(si)(si)(si)的精華，仿(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)有創(chuang)，表達了“移天縮(suo)地在(zai)(zai)君懷(huai)”的建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)題。在(zai)(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)林與寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)、單體(ti)與組群建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的具(ju)體(ti)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)，避(bi)暑(shu)(shu)山(shan)莊及(ji)周圍寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)實現了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代南北(bei)造(zao)(zao)園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)的融合。它囊(nang)括了亭臺閣寺(si)(si)(si)等中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代大(da)(da)部分(fen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形象，展(zhan)示了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代木架(jia)結(jie)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的高(gao)超(chao)技(ji)(ji)藝，并(bing)實現了木架(jia)結(jie)構與磚石結(jie)構、漢式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式與少數民族(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式的完(wan)美結(jie)合。加之建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝飾及(ji)佛教造(zao)(zao)像等中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代最高(gao)超(chao)技(ji)(ji)藝的運(yun)用，構成了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史上(shang)的奇觀。