江(jiang)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan),一般指分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢語(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan),不包(bao)括分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在江(jiang)西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)少(shao)數民族(zu)語(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)。江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢語(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)主要(yao)有:贛語(yu)(yu)、客(ke)家(jia)語(yu)(yu)、江(jiang)淮官話(hua)、西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)、吳語(yu)(yu)和(he)徽語(yu)(yu)。贛語(yu)(yu),是江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)最(zui)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan),集(ji)中分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中部和(he)北(bei)部,覆蓋了(le)全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)面積和(he)人口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)(fen)之二。客(ke)家(jia)語(yu)(yu),主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)17個縣(xian)(xian)和(he)吉(ji)安、宜春、萍(ping)鄉(xiang)、撫州和(he)九江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)市縣(xian)(xian)。江(jiang)淮官話(hua),主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)北(bei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)九江(jiang)市區、九江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)、瑞(rui)昌(chang)市等地。
一.贛語介紹
(一)歷史來源
江西(xi)方(fang)言的(de)歷史悠久(jiu),其(qi)形成當從(cong)西(xi)漢時期(qi)就(jiu)已開始(shi)(shi)初具規模。漢高(gao)祖時設(she)豫(yu)章(zhang)郡(jun),郡(jun)治南昌,下轄十八(ba)縣,遍布今江西(xi)四方(fang)。既有人口就(jiu)有語言和方(fang)言,有了人口也(ye)才(cai)談得上設(she)置郡(jun)縣,所以,豫(yu)章(zhang)郡(jun)和十八(ba)縣的(de)設(she)置是(shi)(shi)江西(xi)地(di)區經濟文化發展的(de)必(bi)然結果,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)贛方(fang)言開始(shi)(shi)形成的(de)具體表現和證明(ming)。
贛(gan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)歷史悠(you)久,是(shi)唐宋以(yi)前中(zhong)原(yuan)移(yi)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)中(zhong)原(yuan)話和(he)贛(gan)地(di)先民(min)(min)語(yu)(yu)(yu)言相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)(hu)融合的(de)(de)產物,形(xing)成于漢朝,定型于唐宋。自(zi)上(shang)古(gu)至有周(zhou)一代,江西(xi)一直都(dou)是(shi)三苗等贛(gan)地(di)先民(min)(min)的(de)(de)活動區(qu)域(yu)。到了(le)(le)周(zhou)朝的(de)(de)春(chun)秋戰國(guo)時期,贛(gan)地(di)先后隸(li)屬吳、越、楚(chu)的(de)(de)統(tong)治,其居(ju)民(min)(min)自(zi)當是(shi)使用古(gu)越語(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)古(gu)楚(chu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)。秦漢以(yi)后,中(zhong)原(yuan)對江右地(di)區(qu)進行了(le)(le)多(duo)次大規模的(de)(de)移(yi)民(min)(min),中(zhong)原(yuan)的(de)(de)漢語(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)本(ben)地(di)的(de)(de)吳語(yu)(yu)(yu)、楚(chu)語(yu)(yu)(yu)互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)觸、互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)融合,贛(gan)語(yu)(yu)(yu)遂逐步形(xing)成。
(二)特點
贛語的共同點是:古代的全濁(zhuo)聲母今讀塞(sai)音、塞(sai)擦音時,為送氣的清(qing)音,無論平仄,如“陪伴、停電、存在、沉重、強健”這幾(ji)個詞,贛語統統都(dou)是送氣的清(qing)聲母,而普通話(hua)卻是前(qian)一字送氣,后一字不送氣,吳語(如上海話(hua)和上饒(rao)話(hua))則都(dou)是[d b dz d ]一類的濁(zhuo)聲母。
古代的(de)遇攝三(san)等魚(yu)韻字(zi)、流攝一(yi)等字(zi)、臻攝開口一(yi)等字(zi)、曾攝一(yi)等字(zi)和梗攝開口二等文讀字(zi),許多地方主要元音是(shi)[ε](或相近(jin)的(de)[e、]),如南昌市:鋸 kiεl狗(gou)kiεul根kiεnl燈tεnl耕kiεn 。
梗(geng)攝字(zi)(zi)(zi)一般都(dou)有文(wen)(wen)(wen)白(bai)(bai)(bai)兩讀。這(zhe)(zhe)里說的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)白(bai)(bai)(bai)兩種(zhong)讀法,是從一批字(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)系統上來看的(de)(de),而(er)不(bu)著(zhu)眼于某一個字(zi)(zi)(zi)有幾種(zhong)不(bu)同的(de)(de)讀音(yin)。來歷(li)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)一批字(zi)(zi)(zi),在書面語(yu)(yu)或新詞(ci)語(yu)(yu)中(zhong),有一套讀音(yin)形成相(xiang)同的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)特點(dian),而(er)在日常口語(yu)(yu)中(zhong),在那些天(tian)天(tian)使用的(de)(de)最基本的(de)(de)詞(ci)語(yu)(yu)中(zhong),這(zhe)(zhe)些字(zi)(zi)(zi)又有另(ling)一套讀音(yin),形成另(ling)外(wai)一種(zhong)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)語(yu)(yu)音(yin)特點(dian)。前者(zhe)(zhe)我(wo)們叫(jiao)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)讀”,后者(zhe)(zhe)我(wo)們叫(jiao)“白(bai)(bai)(bai)讀”。文(wen)(wen)(wen)白(bai)(bai)(bai)異讀是就一批字(zi)(zi)(zi)來說的(de)(de)。其中(zhong)的(de)(de)某一個字(zi)(zi)(zi),可(ke)能是既有文(wen)(wen)(wen)讀音(yin),又有白(bai)(bai)(bai)讀音(yin);也可(ke)能是只(zhi)有文(wen)(wen)(wen)讀音(yin),沒有白(bai)(bai)(bai)讀音(yin);或者(zhe)(zhe)反過來,只(zhi)有白(bai)(bai)(bai)讀音(yin),沒有文(wen)(wen)(wen)讀音(yin)。如南(nan)昌的(de)(de)梗(geng)攝字(zi)(zi)(zi):
省 青 影 生 平
文(wen)讀 sεn省市 t‘in青年(nian) in電影(ying) sεn學(xue)生 p‘in和平
白讀 saη節省 t‘iaη青菜(cai) iaη影子 saη生熟(shu) p‘iaη平地
影母字(zi)開口呼多讀(du)[η]聲母,不讀(du)零聲母,如(ru)南昌市(shi):安ηon襖(ao)ηau愛ηai鴉ηa“大小”的“大”讀(du)[ai]韻母,來(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)蟹攝徒蓋切。普(pu)通話(hua)讀(du)[a]韻母,來(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)果攝唐(tang)佐(zuo)切。南昌方言(yan)把母親的姐姐叫(jiao)“[t‘o]娘”,撫州方言(yan)把板栗(li)叫(jiao)“[ho]栗(li)”,這里的[t‘o]和[ho]才是來(lai)(lai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)唐(tang)佐(zuo)切的“大”字(zi),也(ye)就(jiu)是普(pu)通話(hua)的[ta] 。
“菜(cai)梗(geng)”的(de)“梗(geng)”字絕(jue)大多數地(di)方有(you)[u]介音(yin),而(er)普(pu)通話讀[kη],沒有(you)[u]介音(yin),如:
南昌kuaη 萍鄉ku? 彭澤kuan
“搬班”兩字(zi)韻(yun)母(mu)不(bu)同,“官關”兩字(zi)大部分地方(fang)韻(yun)母(mu)也不(bu)相同。這兩對字(zi)在古代韻(yun)母(mu)不(bu)同,普通話變得相同了,而贛(gan)語中還保留著(zhu)不(bu)同的特點,如(ru):
南(nan)昌 吉安市 撫(fu)州 宜春(chun)
搬(ban) pon pon pon pon
班 pan pan pan pan
官 kuon kuon kuon kuon
關 kuan kuan kuan kuan
除吉(ji)安、萍鄉一帶無入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)之(zhi)外,全省其他(ta)地方(fang)的(de)贛語及其他(ta)方(fang)言(yan)基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)都有入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)。古代的(de)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)字(zi)在(zai)吉(ji)安、萍鄉一帶的(de)基(ji)本(ben)情(qing)況是:古清聲(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)今(jin)讀(du)(du)陰平,古全濁聲(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)今(jin)讀(du)(du)去聲(sheng),次濁聲(sheng)母(mu)字(zi)有的(de)讀(du)(du)陰平,有的(de)讀(du)(du)去聲(sheng)。
詞(ci)匯方面:太陽叫“日頭”或“熱頭”(有的地方“日熱”讀音(yin)不(bu)分)。下雨說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“落雨”。站立(li)大部分地方說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“?隆保(bao)ǘ寥紜(yun)凹肌(ji)保(bao)?有的地方讀如“欺”)。坐著(zhu)喝茶(cha),說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“坐到吃(chi)茶(cha)”。交合(he)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“戳”。第三(san)人稱代詞(ci)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“渠”。我(wo)的說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“我(wo)個” 。
(三)使用地區
贛(gan)語(yu)是江西(xi)省(sheng)最(zui)主要的(de)方言,它不僅覆蓋了全省(sheng)面積和(he)人(ren)口的(de)三分之二,甚至(zhi)還分布在湖南(nan)、湖北、安(an)徽、福(fu)建、浙江等鄰(lin)省(sheng)的(de)部分地區。
江西省內的贛(gan)語區包括以下62個(ge)市(shi)(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian):南昌市(shi)(shi)、南昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、安(an)(an)(an)義縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永修(xiu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、修(xiu)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德(de)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、廬(lu)山(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)、都昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湖口縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彭澤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、高安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)、奉新縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靖(jing)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜春市(shi)(shi)、宜豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、上高縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樟樹市(shi)(shi)、新干(gan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萍鄉(xiang)市(shi)(shi)、新余(yu)市(shi)(shi)、萬載縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、豐(feng)城市(shi)(shi)、吉(ji)安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)、吉(ji)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峽(xia)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、安(an)(an)(an)福縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓮花(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、泰(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永新縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、井岡山(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)、永豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萬安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遂(sui)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、撫州市(shi)(shi)、金溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、崇仁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜黃縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黎(li)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、資溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、進(jin)賢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、廣(guang)昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鷹潭市(shi)(shi)、貴溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)、萬年縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余(yu)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余(yu)干(gan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂平(ping)市(shi)(shi)、鄱陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、橫峰(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、弋(yi)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鉛(qian)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景德(de)鎮市(shi)(shi)等地(di)區。
分片
江西省內的(de)贛語區可分為(wei)昌都片(pian)、昌靖片(pian)、宜瀏(liu)片(pian)、吉(ji)茶(cha)片(pian)、撫廣片(pian)和(he)鷹(ying)弋片(pian)。
二.客家話
客家話主(zhu)要分布在全省(sheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)的17個縣(xian)和西北部(bu)(bu)的銅鼓縣(xian):興國、寧都(dou)、石城、瑞金、會(hui)昌、尋烏、安遠、定南(nan)(nan)(nan)、龍(long)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、全南(nan)(nan)(nan)、信(xin)豐(不(bu)包括縣(xian)城嘉定鎮和城郊的部(bu)(bu)分農村(cun))、大余、崇義、上猶、南(nan)(nan)(nan)康(kang)、贛(gan)縣(xian)、于都(dou)、銅鼓。
銅鼓縣60%以上的人(ren)(ren)口說客家話,分布(bu)在(zai)縣城及豐田、排埠、二源(yuan)、石橋、溫(wen)泉、三都、西向、大塅、古橋等鄉。少(shao)數(shu)人(ren)(ren)說贛語,分布(bu)在(zai)帶(dai)溪、棋坪、高橋、幽居、港口等鄉。
客家話還(huan)見于與銅鼓(gu)縣(xian)毗(pi)鄰的一些(xie)地方:萬(wan)載縣(xian)有約2萬(wan)人(ren),集中在鄰近湖南省界(jie)處。宜豐縣(xian)黃岡、車上、天寶、同安、花橋等(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),有大約3萬(wan)人(ren),約占全縣(xian)人(ren)口(kou)的十分之一。奉(feng)(feng)新縣(xian)甘(gan)坊、七(qi)里、西塔、石(shi)溪、澡溪、仰(yang)山等(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),約5萬(wan)人(ren),占全縣(xian)人(ren)口(kou)的五分之一。靖(jing)安縣(xian)官莊、澡都等(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。高安市華林鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。修水縣(xian)山口(kou)、何市、上奉(feng)(feng)等(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。武寧縣(xian)石(shi)門鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。
客(ke)家話(hua)(hua)還(huan)見(jian)于(yu)以下地方:廣昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)驛前(qian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。永豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)潭(tan)頭、龍岡(gang)、君埠等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。吉安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天河鎮(zhen)、前(qian)嶺(ling)、官田(tian)(tian)、敖(ao)城、指(zhi)陽、東固、富田(tian)(tian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。泰和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)橋頭、碧溪、老營盤、上(shang)(shang)圮(pi)、中龍、小(xiao)龍、水槎、沙(sha)村(cun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)約3萬多(duo)。萬安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)順峰(feng)、澗田(tian)(tian)、寶山、武術、桂江(jiang)(jiang)、羅塘等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),占全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)40%左右。遂川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)除縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城泉江(jiang)(jiang)鎮(zhen)和(he)附近的瑤廈、珠(zhu)田(tian)(tian)、年源、雩田(tian)(tian)、枚江(jiang)(jiang)、盆珠(zhu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)說贛語之外,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)其余二十多(duo)個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)都說客(ke)家話(hua)(hua),客(ke)籍(ji)(ji)占全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)的三分之二。井岡(gang)山市(shi)(shi)(shi)黃坳(ao)、下七、長坪等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)羅浮(fu)墾殖場的大井、朱砂、羅浮(fu)二個(ge)分場,客(ke)籍(ji)(ji)占全市(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)的約40%。寧岡(gang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)睦村(cun)、茅坪、大隴(long)、白(bai)露、荷花(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),客(ke)籍(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)2萬,不到(dao)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)的三分之一。永新(xin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)坳(ao)南、曲江(jiang)(jiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),客(ke)籍(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)2000。以上(shang)(shang)九個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的客(ke)家話(hua)(hua)地區與贛南客(ke)家話(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)份(fen)連成一片。贛東北橫(heng)峰(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍門鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的上(shang)(shang)源排、戈家村(cun)也說客(ke)家話(hua)(hua),約600人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其他有(you)的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)份(fen)也有(you)零星客(ke)籍(ji)(ji),如蓮花(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)荷塘鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)只有(you)幾戶人(ren)(ren)(ren)家說客(ke)家話(hua)(hua)。
三.官話區
官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)有(you)5個(ge)市縣,其(qi)中(zhong)九江市、九江、瑞(rui)昌(chang)(chang)市說江淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)。(瑞(rui)昌(chang)(chang)市大部(bu)分鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)說江淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua),南面少(shao)數幾個(ge)鄉說贛語),贛州市城區(qu)(qu)和信豐說西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(信豐縣城嘉定(ding)鎮(zhen)(zhen)及(ji)桃江鄉的大部(bu)分、大阿鄉的太平圍(wei)村說西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua),全縣大部(bu)分農村說客(ke)家話(hua)(hua)(hua);
四.吳語區
吳語區有4個(ge)市(shi)縣(xian):上饒市(shi)、上饒、廣(guang)豐、玉山。德興縣(xian)的龍頭山也說吳語。江(jiang)西(xi)的吳語區在贛東(dong)北(bei),與浙江(jiang)省衢州一帶(dai)的吳語連成一片。
五.徽語區有3個縣:婺源、德興、浮梁。
六.除贛(gan)語、客家話(hua)(hua)、江(jiang)(jiang)淮官話(hua)(hua)、西(xi)南官話(hua)(hua)、吳(wu)語、徽語以外(wai),全省名地(di)還有(you)一些近代從(cong)外(wai)省遷入的(de)移民,說不同的(de)方言,主(zhu)要的(de)有(you)“福建腔(qiang)”,分(fen)散在(zai)贛(gan)東(dong)北的(de)幾(ji)個(ge)縣。解(jie)放后修新(xin)安江(jiang)(jiang)水庫,有(you)不少說吳(wu)語的(de)浙江(jiang)(jiang)移民,遷移到(dao)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)的(de)一些縣居住,主(zhu)要也(ye)在(zai)贛(gan)東(dong)北。
少(shao)數民族(zu)(zu)語(yu)言(yan)有瑤語(yu),在(zai)全南縣竹山鄉嵠山村,人口約200人,說瑤語(yu)和當地(di)的(de)客(ke)家(jia)話。江西省(sheng)的(de)其他少(shao)數民族(zu)(zu),主要是畬族(zu)(zu),不說自己的(de)少(shao)數民族(zu)(zu)語(yu)言(yan),只說當地(di)的(de)漢(han)語(yu)方言(yan)。
七.江西地方言
(一)南昌:
1.切了(le)貨——完(wan)了(le),遇上事兒了(le)
2.祝(zhu)希(xi)哩——干(gan)什(shen)么(me),為什(shen)么(me)
3.冒有——沒有的(de)意思
4.搭到了頭——意指(zhi)一(yi)件事本來很容易做成卻(que)把它弄砸了或不切合實際(ji)的(de)事卻(que)冒險做了或要(yao)做
5.恰了(le)飯(fan)啵——南昌人見(jian)面常說的一句話,問(wen)對(dui)方有沒(mei)有吃飯(fan),可(ke)見(jian)南昌人的熱情(qing)
6.平整——意指(zhi)好,可指(zhi)人(ren)也可指(zhi)事(shi)
7.喀[kie]氣——意指女(nv)人(ren)漂亮
8.啷[long]——意指怎么(me),南昌話中(zhong)用得(de)很多(duo)的一個詞
9.森頭搭腦——意指(zhi)人很笨,很傻,類似南昌話(hua)中(zhong)“鵝”字
10.雜隙——趕(gan)快
(二)九江話
1.面的——黃蟲
2.做事(shi)搞一下,弄一下——杯一哈
3.女(nv)生愛打(da)扮——搖婆(po)精
4.設圈套——做合子
5.撒謊——撤白乎(hu), 逗控
6.煩人——ZEI人, ZEI心, 腫人
7.這里——跌地
8.開(kai)始——嘎式
9.鼻涕(ti)——壁龍拋(pao)
10.地痞(pi)——流(第四聲)子板兒(er)
(三)景德鎮話
1.么的檸——什么人
2.嘎(ga)嘎(ga)——爺爺
3.恰(qia)子——瘋瘋顛顛
4.打風暴——雷陣雨
5.恰(qia)面樣(yang)個——指事情很容(rong)易辦(ban)成
6.剎么——吹牛
7.拓古拓太——形容一個東(dong)西好大
8.崽里子——小(xiao)伙子
9.女崽里——姑(gu)娘
10. 排(pai)場——漂亮
(四)宜春話
1.bà急——急匆忙忙
2.巴(ba)薩——蜘(zhi)蛛
3.百思百——一百多
4.bià頭上(shang)——墻上(shang)
5.滿四——到(dao)處
6.特今——故意
7.精痛——很(hen)痛
8.左(zuo)思(si)——干(gan)脆
9.[滿]zí——等一(yi)下~就來
10.得了(le)(le)個——不得了(le)(le)的(de)
(五)萍鄉話
1.恰里飯(fan)冒——吃了飯(fan)嗎
2.有腳冒——有人嗎(3缺1)
3.腦殼上(shang)兩(liang)扎(zha)贈古腦——頭(tou)上(shang)敲兩(liang)下
4.你(ni)(ni)搞雜里哦?——你(ni)(ni)(想(xiang))做什么呢(ni)?/ 你(ni)(ni)(想(xiang))干嘛?
5.冰冷(lǎn)一壺(音fú)燒(shao)酒——形容(rong)做某(mou)件事虎頭蛇尾冷了場
6.乜(miē)爛(lan)咯——形容肉類(lei)、果品等食(shi)物(wu)已(yi)經熟(shu)透;或(huo)形容物(wu)品被(bei)破壞得(de)比較嚴重(zhong);或(huo)形容某件(jian)事(shi)情在進(jin)行中被(bei)攪(jiao)得(de)一團糟;
7.莪苠菅(音gàn)棘——形容某人為某件事(shi)而(er)糾纏不清
8.稀喲(yo)咯——形容物體(ti)的濃度和硬度都較低(di),成稠泥狀。