江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan),一般(ban)指(zhi)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)的(de)(de)漢語(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan),不包括分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)的(de)(de)少數民族語(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)下的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)的(de)(de)漢語(yu)(yu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要有:贛(gan)語(yu)(yu)、客家語(yu)(yu)、江(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)、西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)、吳語(yu)(yu)和(he)徽語(yu)(yu)。贛(gan)語(yu)(yu),是江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)(yan),集中分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)中部(bu)和(he)北(bei)(bei)部(bu),覆蓋了(le)全(quan)省(sheng)面(mian)積和(he)人口的(de)(de)三分(fen)之二。客家語(yu)(yu),主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)南部(bu)的(de)(de)17個縣(xian)(xian)和(he)吉(ji)安、宜春、萍鄉(xiang)、撫州和(he)九江(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)市縣(xian)(xian)。江(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua),主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)九江(jiang)(jiang)市區、九江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)、瑞昌市等地。
一.贛語介紹
(一)歷史來源
江西方(fang)言(yan)的(de)歷史悠久,其形成當從西漢時期就已開始初具(ju)規模(mo)。漢高祖時設(she)豫章郡,郡治南(nan)昌,下轄(xia)十(shi)八縣,遍(bian)布今(jin)江西四方(fang)。既有人(ren)口就有語言(yan)和方(fang)言(yan),有了人(ren)口也才(cai)談(tan)得上(shang)設(she)置郡縣,所以,豫章郡和十(shi)八縣的(de)設(she)置是江西地區經(jing)濟文化發展的(de)必然(ran)結果,也是贛方(fang)言(yan)開始形成的(de)具(ju)體表現和證明(ming)。
贛語歷史悠久,是唐宋以前(qian)中原移(yi)民(min)(min)的(de)中原話和(he)贛地(di)先民(min)(min)語言相(xiang)互融合的(de)產(chan)物,形成(cheng)于漢(han)朝(chao),定型于唐宋。自上古至(zhi)有周一代(dai),江西一直都是三苗等贛地(di)先民(min)(min)的(de)活動區(qu)域。到了(le)周朝(chao)的(de)春秋(qiu)戰(zhan)國時期,贛地(di)先后隸屬吳(wu)、越(yue)、楚(chu)的(de)統治,其居民(min)(min)自當是使用古越(yue)語和(he)古楚(chu)語。秦漢(han)以后,中原對(dui)江右地(di)區(qu)進行(xing)了(le)多次大規(gui)模的(de)移(yi)民(min)(min),中原的(de)漢(han)語和(he)本地(di)的(de)吳(wu)語、楚(chu)語互相(xiang)接(jie)觸、互相(xiang)融合,贛語遂(sui)逐步形成(cheng)。
(二)特點
贛語的(de)共同點是(shi):古代的(de)全濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)母今讀塞(sai)音(yin)、塞(sai)擦音(yin)時,為送(song)(song)氣(qi)的(de)清音(yin),無論平仄,如(ru)“陪伴、停電、存在、沉重、強(qiang)健(jian)”這幾(ji)個詞(ci),贛語統(tong)統(tong)都是(shi)送(song)(song)氣(qi)的(de)清聲(sheng)母,而普通話(hua)卻是(shi)前一(yi)(yi)字(zi)送(song)(song)氣(qi),后一(yi)(yi)字(zi)不(bu)送(song)(song)氣(qi),吳語(如(ru)上海話(hua)和上饒話(hua))則都是(shi)[d b dz d ]一(yi)(yi)類(lei)的(de)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)母。
古(gu)代的(de)遇攝(she)(she)三等(deng)魚(yu)韻字(zi)(zi)、流(liu)攝(she)(she)一等(deng)字(zi)(zi)、臻攝(she)(she)開口(kou)一等(deng)字(zi)(zi)、曾攝(she)(she)一等(deng)字(zi)(zi)和梗攝(she)(she)開口(kou)二等(deng)文(wen)讀字(zi)(zi),許多地方主要元音是[ε](或相(xiang)近的(de)[e、]),如南昌(chang)市:鋸(ju) kiεl狗kiεul根(gen)kiεnl燈tεnl耕(geng)kiεn 。
梗攝(she)字(zi)一(yi)(yi)般都有(you)文(wen)(wen)白(bai)兩讀(du)(du)(du)(du)。這里說的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)白(bai)兩種(zhong)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)法,是(shi)從一(yi)(yi)批字(zi)的(de)(de)系統上(shang)來(lai)看的(de)(de),而(er)不著眼于某一(yi)(yi)個字(zi)有(you)幾(ji)種(zhong)不同(tong)的(de)(de)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin)。來(lai)歷相同(tong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)批字(zi),在(zai)書面語(yu)或新詞(ci)(ci)語(yu)中(zhong),有(you)一(yi)(yi)套讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin)形成(cheng)相同(tong)的(de)(de)語(yu)音(yin)(yin)特點,而(er)在(zai)日(ri)常口語(yu)中(zhong),在(zai)那些天天使用(yong)的(de)(de)最基本的(de)(de)詞(ci)(ci)語(yu)中(zhong),這些字(zi)又有(you)另一(yi)(yi)套讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin),形成(cheng)另外一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)相同(tong)的(de)(de)語(yu)音(yin)(yin)特點。前者(zhe)我(wo)們叫“文(wen)(wen)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)”,后者(zhe)我(wo)們叫“白(bai)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)”。文(wen)(wen)白(bai)異讀(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)就一(yi)(yi)批字(zi)來(lai)說的(de)(de)。其中(zhong)的(de)(de)某一(yi)(yi)個字(zi),可能(neng)是(shi)既有(you)文(wen)(wen)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin),又有(you)白(bai)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin);也可能(neng)是(shi)只有(you)文(wen)(wen)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin),沒(mei)有(you)白(bai)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin);或者(zhe)反(fan)過來(lai),只有(you)白(bai)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin),沒(mei)有(you)文(wen)(wen)讀(du)(du)(du)(du)音(yin)(yin)。如(ru)南昌的(de)(de)梗攝(she)字(zi):
省 青 影 生 平(ping)
文讀 sεn省市 t‘in青年(nian) in電影 sεn學生 p‘in和平
白讀 saη節省 t‘iaη青菜(cai) iaη影子 saη生熟 p‘iaη平地
影母(mu)字開(kai)口呼多讀[η]聲(sheng)母(mu),不讀零聲(sheng)母(mu),如南昌市:安ηon襖(ao)ηau愛(ai)ηai鴉ηa“大(da)(da)小”的“大(da)(da)”讀[ai]韻(yun)母(mu),來(lai)自(zi)蟹攝徒蓋(gai)切(qie)(qie)(qie)。普通話讀[a]韻(yun)母(mu),來(lai)自(zi)果攝唐佐切(qie)(qie)(qie)。南昌方(fang)(fang)言把母(mu)親的姐姐叫(jiao)“[t‘o]娘”,撫州方(fang)(fang)言把板栗叫(jiao)“[ho]栗”,這(zhe)里(li)的[t‘o]和[ho]才(cai)是(shi)來(lai)自(zi)唐佐切(qie)(qie)(qie)的“大(da)(da)”字,也就(jiu)是(shi)普通話的[ta] 。
“菜梗”的(de)“梗”字絕大多數地(di)方(fang)有[u]介音,而普通話(hua)讀[kη],沒(mei)有[u]介音,如:
南(nan)昌(chang)kuaη 萍鄉ku? 彭澤kuan
“搬(ban)班”兩(liang)字(zi)(zi)韻(yun)母不(bu)(bu)同,“官關(guan)”兩(liang)字(zi)(zi)大(da)部分(fen)地方韻(yun)母也(ye)不(bu)(bu)相同。這兩(liang)對字(zi)(zi)在古代韻(yun)母不(bu)(bu)同,普(pu)通話(hua)變(bian)得相同了,而贛語中還保(bao)留著不(bu)(bu)同的特(te)點,如:
南昌 吉安市 撫州 宜春(chun)
搬 pon pon pon pon
班(ban) pan pan pan pan
官 kuon kuon kuon kuon
關 kuan kuan kuan kuan
除吉安、萍(ping)(ping)鄉一帶無入(ru)聲(sheng)之外,全(quan)省其他地方的(de)贛(gan)語及其他方言(yan)基本上都有入(ru)聲(sheng)。古(gu)代的(de)入(ru)聲(sheng)字(zi)在吉安、萍(ping)(ping)鄉一帶的(de)基本情況是:古(gu)清聲(sheng)母字(zi)今讀(du)陰平,古(gu)全(quan)濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)母字(zi)今讀(du)去聲(sheng),次濁(zhuo)聲(sheng)母字(zi)有的(de)讀(du)陰平,有的(de)讀(du)去聲(sheng)。
詞匯方(fang)面:太陽(yang)叫“日(ri)頭”或“熱(re)頭”(有的(de)地方(fang)“日(ri)熱(re)”讀(du)音不分)。下雨(yu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“落雨(yu)”。站立(li)大部分地方(fang)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“?隆保(bao)ǘ寥紜凹肌(ji)保(bao)?有的(de)地方(fang)讀(du)如“欺”)。坐著喝茶,說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“坐到吃茶”。交合說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“戳(chuo)”。第三人稱代(dai)詞說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“渠”。我的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“我個” 。
(三)使用地區
贛語是江西省最主(zhu)要的方言(yan),它不僅覆蓋了全省面積(ji)和人(ren)口的三(san)分(fen)之二,甚至還分(fen)布在湖南、湖北、安(an)徽(hui)、福(fu)建(jian)、浙江等鄰省的部分(fen)地區。
江(jiang)西(xi)省內的贛語(yu)區包括以下62個市(shi)(shi)(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian):南(nan)昌市(shi)(shi)(shi)、南(nan)昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、安義縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永修縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、修水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德(de)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、廬山市(shi)(shi)(shi)、都(dou)昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湖口縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彭澤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、高(gao)安市(shi)(shi)(shi)、奉新縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靖安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜春市(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、上高(gao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樟樹市(shi)(shi)(shi)、新干縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萍(ping)鄉市(shi)(shi)(shi)、新余市(shi)(shi)(shi)、萬(wan)(wan)載縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、豐(feng)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、吉安市(shi)(shi)(shi)、吉水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峽江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、安福縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓮花縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、泰(tai)和縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永新縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、井岡(gang)山市(shi)(shi)(shi)、永豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萬(wan)(wan)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遂川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、撫州市(shi)(shi)(shi)、金溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、崇仁(ren)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜黃縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂(le)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黎川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、資溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東鄉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、進賢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、廣(guang)昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鷹潭市(shi)(shi)(shi)、貴(gui)溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、萬(wan)(wan)年縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余干縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂(le)平市(shi)(shi)(shi)、鄱陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、橫峰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、弋陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鉛山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景德(de)鎮(zhen)市(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)地區。
分片
江西省內的(de)贛語(yu)區可分為昌(chang)都片(pian)、昌(chang)靖片(pian)、宜瀏片(pian)、吉茶片(pian)、撫廣片(pian)和鷹弋片(pian)。
二.客家話
客(ke)家話(hua)主要(yao)分布在全(quan)省南(nan)(nan)部的17個縣(xian)和(he)西北部的銅鼓縣(xian):興國、寧都、石城(cheng)、瑞金、會昌、尋烏、安(an)遠、定南(nan)(nan)、龍南(nan)(nan)、全(quan)南(nan)(nan)、信豐(不包括縣(xian)城(cheng)嘉定鎮和(he)城(cheng)郊的部分農村)、大余、崇義、上猶、南(nan)(nan)康、贛縣(xian)、于都、銅鼓。
銅(tong)鼓縣60%以上的人(ren)口說客(ke)家(jia)話,分布(bu)在縣城及豐田、排埠、二源(yuan)、石橋(qiao)、溫泉、三(san)都(dou)、西向、大塅、古橋(qiao)等(deng)鄉(xiang)。少(shao)數(shu)人(ren)說贛(gan)語,分布(bu)在帶溪(xi)、棋坪、高橋(qiao)、幽居(ju)、港口等(deng)鄉(xiang)。
客家(jia)話還見于與銅(tong)鼓縣毗鄰的一(yi)些地方:萬載(zai)縣有約(yue)(yue)(yue)2萬人(ren),集(ji)中在(zai)鄰近湖南省界處。宜豐(feng)縣黃(huang)岡、車(che)上、天寶、同安、花(hua)橋等鄉(xiang)(xiang),有大約(yue)(yue)(yue)3萬人(ren),約(yue)(yue)(yue)占全(quan)縣人(ren)口(kou)的十分之一(yi)。奉新縣甘(gan)坊、七里、西塔(ta)、石(shi)(shi)溪、澡(zao)溪、仰山(shan)等鄉(xiang)(xiang),約(yue)(yue)(yue)5萬人(ren),占全(quan)縣人(ren)口(kou)的五分之一(yi)。靖安縣官莊、澡(zao)都等鄉(xiang)(xiang)。高安市華林鄉(xiang)(xiang)。修水縣山(shan)口(kou)、何市、上奉等鄉(xiang)(xiang)。武寧縣石(shi)(shi)門(men)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。
客(ke)家(jia)(jia)話還見(jian)于(yu)以(yi)下(xia)地(di)方:廣昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)驛前鄉(xiang)。永豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)潭頭、龍(long)(long)岡(gang)、君埠等鄉(xiang)。吉(ji)安縣(xian)(xian)天河(he)鎮(zhen)、前嶺、官田(tian)、敖城、指陽、東固、富(fu)田(tian)等鄉(xiang)。泰和(he)縣(xian)(xian)橋(qiao)頭、碧溪、老營盤、上圮、中(zhong)龍(long)(long)、小龍(long)(long)、水(shui)槎、沙村等鄉(xiang),人(ren)口(kou)約3萬(wan)多。萬(wan)安縣(xian)(xian)順(shun)峰(feng)、澗田(tian)、寶山、武(wu)術、桂江、羅塘等鄉(xiang),占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)口(kou)40%左右。遂(sui)川縣(xian)(xian)除縣(xian)(xian)城泉江鎮(zhen)和(he)附近(jin)的瑤(yao)廈、珠田(tian)、年(nian)源、雩田(tian)、枚江、盆珠等鄉(xiang)說贛語之(zhi)外,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)其(qi)余(yu)二(er)十多個鄉(xiang)都說客(ke)家(jia)(jia)話,客(ke)籍占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)口(kou)的三分之(zhi)二(er)。井岡(gang)山市黃(huang)坳、下(xia)七、長坪等鄉(xiang)和(he)羅浮(fu)墾殖(zhi)場(chang)的大井、朱(zhu)砂、羅浮(fu)二(er)個分場(chang),客(ke)籍占全(quan)(quan)市人(ren)口(kou)的約40%。寧岡(gang)縣(xian)(xian)睦(mu)村、茅坪、大隴、白(bai)露(lu)、荷花(hua)等鄉(xiang),客(ke)籍人(ren)口(kou)2萬(wan),不(bu)到全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)口(kou)的三分之(zhi)一。永新縣(xian)(xian)坳南、曲江鄉(xiang),客(ke)籍人(ren)口(kou)2000。以(yi)上九(jiu)個縣(xian)(xian)市的客(ke)家(jia)(jia)話地(di)區與贛南客(ke)家(jia)(jia)話縣(xian)(xian)份連(lian)成一片。贛東北橫峰(feng)縣(xian)(xian)龍(long)(long)門鄉(xiang)的上源排、戈(ge)家(jia)(jia)村也(ye)說客(ke)家(jia)(jia)話,約600人(ren)。其(qi)他有(you)(you)的縣(xian)(xian)份也(ye)有(you)(you)零(ling)星客(ke)籍,如蓮花(hua)縣(xian)(xian)荷塘鄉(xiang)只有(you)(you)幾戶(hu)人(ren)家(jia)(jia)說客(ke)家(jia)(jia)話。
三.官話區
官(guan)話(hua)區有5個市(shi)縣,其中九江市(shi)、九江、瑞昌市(shi)說江淮官(guan)話(hua)。(瑞昌市(shi)大部分鄉鎮說江淮官(guan)話(hua),南(nan)(nan)面少數(shu)幾個鄉說贛(gan)語),贛(gan)州市(shi)城區和信豐(feng)說西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(信豐(feng)縣城嘉定鎮及桃江鄉的大部分、大阿鄉的太平圍村說西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua),全縣大部分農村說客家話(hua);
四.吳語區
吳語(yu)區有4個市(shi)縣(xian):上(shang)饒(rao)市(shi)、上(shang)饒(rao)、廣豐、玉(yu)山。德興縣(xian)的龍頭山也說吳語(yu)。江(jiang)西(xi)的吳語(yu)區在贛東(dong)北,與(yu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省衢(qu)州一帶(dai)的吳語(yu)連(lian)成(cheng)一片。
五.徽語區有3個縣:婺源、德興、浮梁。
六.除贛(gan)語(yu)、客家話(hua)、江淮(huai)官話(hua)、西(xi)南官話(hua)、吳語(yu)、徽語(yu)以(yi)外,全省名地還有一(yi)些(xie)近代從外省遷(qian)(qian)入(ru)的(de)(de)移民,說不同的(de)(de)方言,主要(yao)的(de)(de)有“福(fu)建腔”,分(fen)散在贛(gan)東北的(de)(de)幾個(ge)縣。解放后修新(xin)安江水(shui)庫,有不少說吳語(yu)的(de)(de)浙江移民,遷(qian)(qian)移到江西(xi)的(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)縣居住,主要(yao)也在贛(gan)東北。
少數(shu)民(min)族語(yu)言有(you)瑤語(yu),在全南縣竹山(shan)鄉嵠山(shan)村,人口(kou)約(yue)200人,說瑤語(yu)和當地的(de)(de)客家話。江西省的(de)(de)其他少數(shu)民(min)族,主(zhu)要是畬(yu)族,不說自己的(de)(de)少數(shu)民(min)族語(yu)言,只說當地的(de)(de)漢語(yu)方言。
七.江西地方言
(一)南昌:
1.切了(le)貨——完(wan)了(le),遇上事兒了(le)
2.祝希哩(li)——干什(shen)么,為(wei)什(shen)么
3.冒(mao)有(you)——沒有(you)的(de)意(yi)思
4.搭到了(le)頭——意指一件事本來很容易做(zuo)成卻(que)(que)把它(ta)弄砸了(le)或不(bu)切合(he)實際的事卻(que)(que)冒險(xian)做(zuo)了(le)或要做(zuo)
5.恰了飯(fan)啵——南昌人(ren)見面(mian)常說(shuo)的一句話(hua),問對方(fang)有沒有吃飯(fan),可見南昌人(ren)的熱情
6.平整——意指好,可指人也可指事
7.喀[kie]氣——意指女人(ren)漂亮
8.啷[long]——意(yi)指怎么,南(nan)昌話(hua)中用(yong)得(de)很多的一個(ge)詞
9.森頭搭腦——意指(zhi)人很笨,很傻(sha),類(lei)似(si)南(nan)昌(chang)話中“鵝”字(zi)
10.雜隙(xi)——趕快(kuai)
(二)九江話
1.面的——黃蟲
2.做事搞一(yi)下(xia),弄一(yi)下(xia)——杯一(yi)哈
3.女生(sheng)愛打扮——搖婆精
4.設圈(quan)套(tao)——做合子
5.撒謊(huang)——撤白乎, 逗控(kong)
6.煩人——ZEI人, ZEI心, 腫(zhong)人
7.這里——跌地(di)
8.開始(shi)——嘎式
9.鼻(bi)涕(ti)——壁龍(long)拋
10.地痞——流(liu)(第四聲)子板兒
(三)景德鎮話
1.么的檸——什么人
2.嘎嘎——爺爺
3.恰子(zi)——瘋瘋顛(dian)顛(dian)
4.打風暴——雷陣雨(yu)
5.恰(qia)面樣個——指事情很容易辦成
6.剎(cha)么——吹牛(niu)
7.拓古拓太——形容一個東西好(hao)大(da)
8.崽(zai)里子——小伙子
9.女崽(zai)里——姑娘
10. 排場——漂亮
(四)宜春話
1.bà急——急匆(cong)忙(mang)(mang)忙(mang)(mang)
2.巴薩——蜘蛛
3.百(bai)思(si)百(bai)——一百(bai)多
4.bià頭(tou)上(shang)——墻上(shang)
5.滿四(si)——到處
6.特今——故意
7.精痛(tong)——很痛(tong)
8.左思——干(gan)脆
9.[滿(man)]zí——等一下(xia)~就來
10.得了(le)個——不得了(le)的(de)
(五)萍鄉話
1.恰里飯冒——吃(chi)了(le)飯嗎
2.有腳冒——有人嗎(ma)(3缺1)
3.腦(nao)殼上兩(liang)(liang)扎贈古腦(nao)——頭上敲兩(liang)(liang)下
4.你(ni)搞雜(za)里哦?——你(ni)(想(xiang))做什(shen)么呢(ni)?/ 你(ni)(想(xiang))干(gan)嘛?
5.冰冷(leng)(lǎn)一壺(音fú)燒酒——形容做某件事(shi)虎(hu)頭蛇(she)尾冷(leng)了場
6.乜(miē)爛咯(ge)——形容(rong)肉類(lei)、果(guo)品等食物(wu)已經熟(shu)透;或(huo)形容(rong)物(wu)品被(bei)破壞得(de)比較嚴重(zhong);或(huo)形容(rong)某件事情在進行(xing)中(zhong)被(bei)攪得(de)一團糟(zao);
7.莪(e)苠菅(jian)(音gàn)棘——形容(rong)某(mou)人為某(mou)件事(shi)而糾纏不清(qing)
8.稀(xi)喲(yo)咯——形容物體的濃度(du)和硬度(du)都較低,成稠泥狀。