一、遙控直升機工作原理是什么

遙控直升機飛行的(de)(de)基本原理是利用主旋翼(yi)可變角(jiao)(jiao)度產(chan)生(sheng)反(fan)(fan)(fan)向推力(li)(li)而(er)上(shang)升(sheng)，但對(dui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)身(shen)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)扭力(li)(li)作用，于是需要(yao)加(jia)設一(yi)個(ge)尾(wei)旋翼(yi)來(lai)抵消扭力(li)(li)，平衡(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)身(shen)，但怎(zen)樣使(shi)尾(wei)旋翼(yi)利用合(he)適的(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)度，來(lai)平衡(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)身(shen)呢(ni)？這就用到陀(tuo)(tuo)螺(luo)(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)了(le)，它可以根據(ju)機(ji)(ji)(ji)身(shen)的(de)(de)擺動多(duo)少，自動作出補償訊號給伺(si)服(fu)器，去改變尾(wei)旋翼(yi)角(jiao)(jiao)度，產(chan)生(sheng)推力(li)(li)平衡(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)身(shen)。現在已有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)遙控直升(sheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)模型(xing)使(shi)用的(de)(de)陀(tuo)(tuo)螺(luo)(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)，分別有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械式(shi)(shi)(shi)、電(dian)(dian)子式(shi)(shi)(shi)、電(dian)(dian)子自動鎖定式(shi)(shi)(shi)。陀(tuo)(tuo)螺(luo)(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)雖(sui)然是一(yi)種(zhong)被(bei)動式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)修正(zheng)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)，但是比(bi)人工修正(zheng)快(kuai)多(duo)了(le)。而(er)陀(tuo)(tuo)螺(luo)(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)優(you)劣也是決定在反(fan)(fan)(fan)應速(su)度，一(yi)般機(ji)(ji)(ji)械式(shi)(shi)(shi)陀(tuo)(tuo)螺(luo)(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應速(su)度大約(yue)70ms，壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)陀(tuo)(tuo)螺(luo)(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)大約(yue)10ms，普(pu)通伺(si)服(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)60度要(yao)200ms ，好(hao)一(yi)點的(de)(de)伺(si)服(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)100ms，所以使(shi)用壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)陀(tuo)(tuo)螺(luo)(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)時，使(shi)用高(gao)速(su)伺(si)服(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)才能(neng)發揮壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)式(shi)(shi)(shi)陀(tuo)(tuo)螺(luo)(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)功效。

當遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)直(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)接近(jin)地(di)(di)面(mian)時(shi)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)面(mian)效(xiao)(xiao)應，遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)直(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)離地(di)(di)滯空(kong)時(shi)，旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)把空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)向下壓，因此旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)和地(di)(di)面(mian)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)密(mi)度(du)變(bian)大，形(xing)成氣(qi)(qi)(qi)墊效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，浮力(li)會(hui)變(bian)佳(jia)，離地(di)(di)越近(jin)，效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)越佳(jia)，但(dan)是因為空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)被壓縮，無處(chu)逸散而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)亂流，導(dao)致停懸的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding)，所以遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)直(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)接近(jin)地(di)(di)面(mian)時(shi)會(hui)呈(cheng)現(xian)不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding)現(xian)象而(er)比較難控(kong)制(zhi)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)這種氣(qi)(qi)(qi)墊效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)大約是旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)面(mian)直(zhi)徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)一半(ban)左右。高速轉(zhuan)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)主旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)，有一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)和質量(liang)，除了會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)陀螺效(xiao)(xiao)應外(wai)，更有反(fan)(fan)扭(niu)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)，尾(wei)旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)功用(yong)就是平(ping)衡反(fan)(fan)扭(niu)力(li)使機(ji)(ji)身不(bu)自轉(zhuan)，但(dan)現(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)直(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)均采(cai)用(yong)可變(bian)攻角形(xing)態，油門的(de)(de)(de)(de)加減、攻角的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化...等因素使得反(fan)(fan)扭(niu)力(li)千變(bian)萬化，尾(wei)旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡力(li)也(ye)要跟著快速變(bian)化，以保(bao)持機(ji)(ji)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)，現(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)直(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)采(cai)用(yong)各種的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)來平(ping)衡瞬息萬變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)扭(niu)力(li)。遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)直(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)扭(niu)力(li)可分成兩種：靜轉(zhuan)距和動轉(zhuan)距。兩者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性不(bu)同所采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方發(fa)也(ye)不(bu)同、了解遙(yao)(yao)控(kong)直(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛行(xing)與控(kong)制(zhi)原理，無論在(zai)調整和飛行(xing)上都會(hui)有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助。

二、遙控直升機模型分類

1、電動和油動的優缺點

油動(dong)模型直(zhi)升機(ji)的(de)優點(dian)在(zai)于飛行時間(jian)長，動(dong)力也還不錯。

電(dian)動直(zhi)升機(ji)有更強的(de)動力(li)，重量更輕，但是飛(fei)行時間短。較大級別的(de)電(dian)動模(mo)型直(zhi)升機(ji)價格十(shi)分昂貴。

2、電動飛機電源開關

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)飛(fei)機一般(ban)都不(bu)設(she)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因是(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻較大(da)(da)（是(shi)(shi)(shi)普通導(dao)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾十倍(bei)）對于大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模型來講會產生(sheng)高(gao)溫和巨(ju)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)損耗！同(tong)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流工作時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性也成問題（很可(ke)能燒(shao)毀）！所以，就取(qu)消了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。那么(me)為(wei)什(shen)么(me)有(you)(you)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)模型有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)呢？這是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)串(chuan)聯(lian)在(zai)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和設(she)備之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子調(diao)速器(qi)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個額(e)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能。所以開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能只是(shi)(shi)(shi)保證在(zai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉(bi)時(shi)不(bu)向設(she)備供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)速器(qi)本(ben)身(shen)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，并(bing)且一直(zhi)在(zai)工作并(bing)沒有(you)(you)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最后還是(shi)(shi)(shi)需要移除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

3、模型直升機分級

對(dui)于電(dian)動模(mo)型(xing)直(zhi)升(sheng)機，這些(xie)數字表示(shi)了電(dian)動機的(de)規格，一(yi)般有(you)刷電(dian)動機的(de)規格如130，280，370，540級的(de)數字代表了電(dian)動機的(de)長(chang)度，如130級（長(chang)約13mm-15mm），一(yi)般長(chang)度越(yue)(yue)大(da)功(gong)率越(yue)(yue)大(da)，但是我(wo)們可以發(fa)現一(yi)些(xie)標稱370級的(de)有(you)刷電(dian)機長(chang)度只(zhi)有(you)28mm-32mm，這種標稱表示(shi)了這個280級電(dian)動級的(de)功(gong)率相當于370級。

而無刷電機(ji)一(yi)般使用直徑和長度同(tong)時標稱(cheng)，如(ru)2030級，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)電動機(ji)的(de)直徑是(shi)(shi)20mm長度是(shi)(shi)30mm。當然(ran)，也有無刷電動機(ji)使用130，280，540標稱(cheng)的(de)，但是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)與電動機(ji)的(de)尺寸是(shi)(shi)沒有關系的(de)，指的(de)是(shi)(shi)于(yu)其模型飛機(ji)的(de)尺寸相當的(de)有刷模型的(de)這(zhe)個(ge)級別(bie)。

對于油動模(mo)型(xing)直升機，級別表(biao)示(shi)發動機的工作容(rong)積（即排量）。單位常常為(wei)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)英寸，每100級是1立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)英寸。對于一些大(da)型(xing)的汽油模(mo)型(xing)直升機，常常用(yong)cc來表(biao)示(shi)其排量。