一、遙控直升機工作原理是什么

遙控直升機飛(fei)行的基本(ben)原理是(shi)利用(yong)主(zhu)旋翼可(ke)變角度(du)(du)(du)產(chan)生(sheng)反向推(tui)(tui)力而上升，但對機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)身會產(chan)生(sheng)扭力作用(yong)，于(yu)是(shi)需要加設(she)一(yi)個尾旋翼來抵消(xiao)扭力，平衡(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)身，但怎樣使(shi)尾旋翼利用(yong)合適的角度(du)(du)(du)，來平衡(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)身呢？這就用(yong)到陀(tuo)螺(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)了，它可(ke)以(yi)根據機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)身的擺動(dong)(dong)多少(shao)，自動(dong)(dong)作出(chu)補(bu)償(chang)訊號(hao)給伺(si)(si)服(fu)(fu)器(qi)，去改(gai)變尾旋翼角度(du)(du)(du)，產(chan)生(sheng)推(tui)(tui)力平衡(heng)(heng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)身。現在(zai)已有(you)(you)多種遙控直升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)模型使(shi)用(yong)的陀(tuo)螺(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)，分別有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、電子(zi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、電子(zi)自動(dong)(dong)鎖定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。陀(tuo)螺(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)雖然是(shi)一(yi)種被動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的修正方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但是(shi)比人工修正快多了。而陀(tuo)螺(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的優劣也是(shi)決定(ding)在(zai)反應速度(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)般機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陀(tuo)螺(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的反應速度(du)(du)(du)大(da)約(yue)70ms，壓電式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陀(tuo)螺(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)約(yue)10ms，普通伺(si)(si)服(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)60度(du)(du)(du)要200ms ，好一(yi)點的伺(si)(si)服(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)約(yue)100ms，所以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)壓電陀(tuo)螺(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)時，使(shi)用(yong)高速伺(si)(si)服(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)才能(neng)發揮(hui)壓電式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)陀(tuo)螺(luo)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)的功效。

當(dang)遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機接(jie)近(jin)地(di)面(mian)(mian)時會產生地(di)面(mian)(mian)效(xiao)(xiao)應，遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機離(li)地(di)滯空時，旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)把空氣(qi)(qi)向下壓(ya)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)和地(di)面(mian)(mian)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)密度變大，形成氣(qi)(qi)墊效(xiao)(xiao)果，浮力(li)(li)會變佳(jia)，離(li)地(di)越近(jin)，效(xiao)(xiao)果越佳(jia)，但是因(yin)(yin)為空氣(qi)(qi)被壓(ya)縮，無處逸(yi)散而產生亂流，導致停懸的(de)(de)(de)(de)不穩定，所(suo)以遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機在(zai)(zai)接(jie)近(jin)地(di)面(mian)(mian)時會呈現(xian)(xian)不穩定現(xian)(xian)象而比較難控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，產生這(zhe)種氣(qi)(qi)墊效(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度大約是旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)半左右。高速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)，有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)速度和質(zhi)量，除了會產生陀螺效(xiao)(xiao)應外，更有(you)(you)反(fan)扭力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產生，尾旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)就是平衡反(fan)扭力(li)(li)使機身不自轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，但現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機均采(cai)用(yong)(yong)可(ke)變攻(gong)角形態(tai)，油(you)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)加減(jian)、攻(gong)角的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)...等因(yin)(yin)素使得反(fan)扭力(li)(li)千變萬化(hua)(hua)，尾旋(xuan)(xuan)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡力(li)(li)也要跟著(zhu)快速變化(hua)(hua)，以保(bao)持機身的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定，現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機采(cai)用(yong)(yong)各種的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施來平衡瞬息萬變的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)扭力(li)(li)。遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)扭力(li)(li)可(ke)分成兩種：靜轉(zhuan)(zhuan)距(ju)和動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)距(ju)。兩者的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)不同(tong)所(suo)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方發(fa)也不同(tong)、了解遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛行與控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)原理，無論在(zai)(zai)調整(zheng)和飛行上(shang)都會有(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助(zhu)。

二、遙控直升機模型分類

1、電動和油動的優缺點

油動模型直升(sheng)機的優點在于飛行(xing)時(shi)間長，動力(li)也還不錯。

電動(dong)直升機(ji)有更(geng)強的動(dong)力，重(zhong)量更(geng)輕，但是飛行(xing)時間短(duan)。較大級別的電動(dong)模型直升機(ji)價格十分昂貴。

2、電動飛機電源開關

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)飛(fei)機一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都不設置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因是(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻較大（是(shi)普通(tong)導(dao)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾十(shi)倍）對(dui)于大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模型來講會產(chan)生高溫(wen)和巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降以(yi)(yi)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源損耗(hao)！同時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流工作時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠(kao)性也成問題（很可能燒毀）！所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，就取消了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。那么(me)為什么(me)有(you)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)模型有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)呢？這是(shi)因為開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)不是(shi)直接(jie)串聯在(zai)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和設備之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子調速(su)器提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個額外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能只是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)在(zai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)閉時不向設備供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但是(shi)調速(su)器本(ben)身還(huan)是(shi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源直接(jie)接(jie)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，并且一(yi)(yi)直在(zai)工作并沒有(you)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最(zui)后還(huan)是(shi)需要移除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

3、模型直升機分級

對(dui)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)動模型直升機(ji)，這些數字表示了(le)(le)電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)規格，一(yi)般有刷電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)規格如130，280，370，540級的(de)(de)(de)數字代表了(le)(le)電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)，如130級（長(chang)約13mm-15mm），一(yi)般長(chang)度(du)越大(da)功(gong)率越大(da)，但是我們可以發(fa)現一(yi)些標稱370級的(de)(de)(de)有刷電(dian)機(ji)長(chang)度(du)只有28mm-32mm，這種標稱表示了(le)(le)這個280級電(dian)動級的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)370級。

而無刷電(dian)機(ji)一般使(shi)用(yong)直徑和長度(du)同時(shi)標稱，如2030級，就是(shi)說電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)直徑是(shi)20mm長度(du)是(shi)30mm。當然(ran)，也有(you)無刷電(dian)動機(ji)使(shi)用(yong)130，280，540標稱的(de)，但是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)與電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)是(shi)沒有(you)關系(xi)的(de)，指的(de)是(shi)于其模(mo)型飛(fei)機(ji)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)相當的(de)有(you)刷模(mo)型的(de)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)級別。

對于油(you)(you)動模(mo)型直(zhi)升機，級別表示(shi)發動機的(de)工(gong)作容積（即(ji)排量(liang)）。單(dan)位常常為(wei)立方英寸，每100級是(shi)1立方英寸。對于一些大(da)型的(de)汽油(you)(you)模(mo)型直(zhi)升機，常常用cc來(lai)表示(shi)其(qi)排量(liang)。