一、增值稅發票和普通發票的區別
1、使用發票不同
小規(gui)模(mo)納稅(shui)(shui)人銷(xiao)售只能使用(yong)普通(tong)發票(piao),不(bu)能使用(yong)增(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)專用(yong)發票(piao),購買(mai)貨物(wu)與一般(ban)納稅(shui)(shui)人相同,可以收普通(tong)發票(piao)也能收增(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)專用(yong)發票(piao),二者收取增(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)專用(yong)發票(piao)后帳(zhang)務處理(li)不(bu)同。一般(ban)納稅(shui)(shui)人按價(jia)款(kuan)部分入成本,稅(shui)(shui)款(kuan)部分入"應交稅(shui)(shui)金--應交增(zeng)值稅(shui)(shui)--進(jin)項稅(shui)(shui)額"帳(zhang)戶,小規(gui)模(mo)納稅(shui)(shui)人則按全額進(jin)入成本。
2、應交稅金的計算方法不同
一(yi)般納稅(shui)人按"抵扣(kou)制"計算(suan)稅(shui)金,即按銷項減進項后的(de)余額交稅(shui)。小(xiao)規模納稅(shui)人按銷售(shou)收入除于(1+適用稅(shui)率)后的(de)金額再乘稅(shui)率計算(suan)應(ying)交稅(shui)金,工業(ye)6%,商(shang)業(ye)4%。
3、稅率不同
一(yi)般納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)分為(wei)(wei)0稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)、13%稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)、17%稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)。小規(gui)模納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren),商業(ye)企業(ye)按(an)4%;工業(ye)企業(ye)按(an)6% ,(免稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的除外)。一(yi)般納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)可以開具(ju)普通發票,普通發票的稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)與專(zhuan)用發票的稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)是(shi)相同的。大多數一(yi)般納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)的稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)是(shi)17%,有(you)少數的一(yi)般納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)(ren)的稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)是(shi)13%,根據(ju)銷售的產品稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)而定,自來水公(gong)司可以開具(ju)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)6%的專(zhuan)用發票。
4、印制要求不同
根據新(xin)的《稅(shui)(shui)(shui)收征(zheng)管(guan)法》第二十(shi)二條規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding):增值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)專用(yong)發(fa)(fa)票(piao)由國(guo)務(wu)院稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)主管(guan)部門(men)指定(ding)(ding)的企業(ye)印(yin)制;其他(ta)發(fa)(fa)票(piao),按(an)照國(guo)務(wu)院主管(guan)部門(men)的規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding),分(fen)別(bie)由省、自治(zhi)區、直轄市國(guo)家(jia)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)局(ju)、地(di)方稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)局(ju)指定(ding)(ding)企業(ye)印(yin)制。未(wei)經前款規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)機關指定(ding)(ding),不得(de)印(yin)制發(fa)(fa)票(piao)。
5、使用的主體不同
增值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)專用(yong)發(fa)票一般(ban)只(zhi)能由增值稅(shui)(shui)(shui)一般(ban)納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)人領購使用(yong),小規模(mo)納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)人需(xu)要(yao)使用(yong)的(de),只(zhi)能經稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務機(ji)關(guan)批(pi)準后(hou)由當地(di)的(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務機(ji)關(guan)代開;普通發(fa)票則可以(yi)由從事(shi)經營活(huo)動并辦(ban)理(li)了(le)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務登記的(de)各種納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)人領購使用(yong),未(wei)辦(ban)理(li)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務登記的(de)納稅(shui)(shui)(shui)人也可以(yi)向稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務機(ji)關(guan)申請領購使用(yong)普通發(fa)票。
6、內容不同
增值稅(shui)專用發票(piao)除了(le)具備(bei)購買單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、銷(xiao)售(shou)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、商品或者服務的(de)名稱、商品或者勞務的(de)數量和計量單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、單(dan)(dan)價(jia)和價(jia)款(kuan)、開票(piao)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)、收款(kuan)人、開票(piao)日期等普通發票(piao)所具備(bei)的(de)內容外,還包括納(na)稅(shui)人稅(shui)務登記(ji)號、不含增值稅(shui)金額(e)(e)、適用稅(shui)率、應納(na)增值稅(shui)額(e)(e)等內容。
7、聯次不同
增值稅(shui)專用發票(piao)(piao)有四個(ge)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)次和七個(ge)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)次兩(liang)種,第(di)一聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)存(cun)根聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(用于(yu)留(liu)存(cun)備(bei)查),第(di)二聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)發票(piao)(piao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(用于(yu)購(gou)(gou)買方(fang)記賬),第(di)三(san)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)抵扣(kou)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(用作購(gou)(gou)買方(fang)扣(kou)稅(shui)憑證),第(di)四聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)記賬聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(用于(yu)銷售方(fang)記賬),七聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)次的其(qi)他三(san)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)備(bei)用聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),分(fen)別作為(wei)(wei)企(qi)業出門(men)證、檢(jian)查和倉庫留(liu)存(cun)用;普通發票(piao)(piao)則只有三(san)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),第(di)一聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)存(cun)根聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),第(di)二聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)發票(piao)(piao)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),第(di)三(san)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)為(wei)(wei)記賬聯(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。
二、增值稅專用發票怎么開
增(zeng)值稅專用發票(piao)必須按下列規定開具:
1、項目(mu)填(tian)寫齊全(quan)(quan),全(quan)(quan)部(bu)聯(lian)次一次填(tian)開,上、下聯(lian)的內容和金額一致。
2、字跡(ji)清楚,不得(de)涂改。如(ru)填(tian)寫(xie)有(you)誤,應另(ling)行開(kai)具(ju)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)發(fa)票(piao),并在誤填(tian)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)發(fa)票(piao)上注明(ming)"誤填(tian)作廢"四字。如(ru)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)發(fa)票(piao)開(kai)具(ju)后(hou)因購貨(huo)方不索取而成為廢票(piao)的(de)(de),也應按填(tian)寫(xie)有(you)誤辦理(li)。
3、發(fa)(fa)票(piao)聯(lian)和(he)抵(di)扣聯(lian)加(jia)蓋單位發(fa)(fa)票(piao)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)章(zhang)(zhang),不得加(jia)蓋其他財(cai)(cai)務(wu)印章(zhang)(zhang)。根據不同(tong)版本的專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)發(fa)(fa)票(piao),財(cai)(cai)務(wu)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)章(zhang)(zhang)或(huo)發(fa)(fa)票(piao)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)章(zhang)(zhang)分別加(jia)蓋在專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)發(fa)(fa)票(piao)的左下(xia)(xia)角(jiao)或(huo)右下(xia)(xia)角(jiao),覆蓋"開票(piao)單位"一(yi)欄。發(fa)(fa)票(piao)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)章(zhang)(zhang)使用(yong)(yong)紅(hong)色印泥。
4、納稅人開具(ju)專用發票必須預先(xian)加蓋專用發票銷(xiao)貨單位欄(lan)戳記(ji)。不(bu)得(de)手工(gong)填寫"銷(xiao)貨單位"欄(lan),用手工(gong)填寫的,屬于未(wei)按規定(ding)開具(ju)專用發票,購貨方不(bu)得(de)作為扣稅憑證。專用發票銷(xiao)貨單位欄(lan)戳記(ji)用藍色印泥。
5、開具(ju)專用發票,必須在"金額"、"稅(shui)額"欄合計(ji)(小寫)數(shu)前(qian)用"¥"符號(hao)封頂,在"價稅(shui)合計(ji)(大寫)"欄大寫合計(ji)數(shu)前(qian)用" "符號(hao)封頂。
購(gou)銷雙方單位名稱必須詳細填(tian)寫,不得簡寫。如果單位名稱較長,可(ke)在"名稱"欄(lan)分上下(xia)兩行填(tian)寫,必要時可(ke)出該欄(lan)的上下(xia)橫線。
6、發生(sheng)退(tui)貨(huo),銷(xiao)售折讓收到購貨(huo)方抵(di)扣(kou)聯、發票的(de)處理(li)方法。
7、稅務機(ji)關代(dai)開(kai)專(zhuan)用發(fa)票,除(chu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)納稅人(ren)財(cai)務專(zhuan)用章外,必須同時加(jia)(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)稅務機(ji)關代(dai)開(kai)增(zeng)值稅專(zhuan)用發(fa)票章,專(zhuan)用章加(jia)(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)在專(zhuan)用發(fa)票底(di)端(duan)的中間位(wei)置,使用紅色(se)印泥。凡未加(jia)(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)上(shang)述用章的,購貨(huo)方(fang)一(yi)律不(bu)得作為抵(di)扣憑(ping)證。
8、不得拆本使用專用發票。
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