一、電動汽車電機參數分析

電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車主要(yao)分為電(dian)動(dong)(dong)和油電(dian)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)兩大類，其(qi)中(zhong)油電(dian)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)的大類中(zhong)又分為油電(dian)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)、插電(dian)式(shi)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)力和增程式(shi)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)力三類。一般在參(can)數(shu)配置表中(zhong)主要(yao)看以(yi)下三個參(can)數(shu)：

1、最大功率

最大功率是指一臺(tai)電機所(suo)能實現的最大動(dong)力輸出，這個概(gai)念和發動(dong)機相似，不過(guo)電動(dong)汽車電機卻(que)有著自己的動(dong)力輸出特性。

電動(dong)汽車電機(ji)是一(yi)種能量(liang)轉換(huan)效率很高(gao)的(de)機(ji)器，相比內燃(ran)機(ji)30%多的(de)工作效率，電動(dong)機(ji)通常都在85%以上，而且功率越大(da)，工作效率也越高(gao)，而大(da)型電機(ji)的(de)效率甚至可以達到(dao)98%。

2、最大扭矩

扭(niu)矩是指發動(dong)機運(yun)轉時從曲軸端輸(shu)出(chu)的平均(jun)力(li)矩，俗稱為發動(dong)機的“轉勁”，是發動(dong)機性(xing)能的一個重要參數，扭(niu)矩越(yue)大(da)，發動(dong)機輸(shu)出(chu)的“勁”越(yue)大(da)，曲軸轉速的變化也(ye)越(yue)快，汽(qi)車的爬坡能力(li)、起步速度和加(jia)速性(xing)也(ye)越(yue)好。

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)最大扭(niu)矩不(bu)僅與(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉速(su)有關(guan)還和(he)功率有關(guan)。而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)最大的(de)(de)特點(dian)就(jiu)是低(di)轉速(su)下的(de)(de)扭(niu)矩強勁，正是基于這一點(dian)，在混合動(dong)力系統(tong)中，當車輛起(qi)步或急加速(su)時，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)可以起(qi)到輔助和(he)彌補發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)動(dong)力特性的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，從而(er)(er)提升車輛的(de)(de)加速(su)性能。

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3、電池容量

對于(yu)純電動汽車、中(zhong)度(du)及(ji)(ji)(ji)重(zhong)度(du)混合動力汽車以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)增程(cheng)式汽車來說(shuo)，它們都涉(she)及(ji)(ji)(ji)到(dao)一個在(zai)純電力驅動模式下的(de)(de)續航(hang)里程(cheng)問題，這個續航(hang)里程(cheng)的(de)(de)多少主要與電池(chi)的(de)(de)容量相關，電池(chi)容量越大(da)，續航(hang)里程(cheng)就遠。不過在(zai)實際情況(kuang)中(zhong)，由(you)于(yu)受到(dao)外(wai)界環境的(de)(de)影響(xiang)（特(te)別是氣溫）以(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)空調和電器設備的(de)(de)使用，續航(hang)里程(cheng)通常都低于(yu)工信部或者廠家所標注的(de)(de)最大(da)續航(hang)里程(cheng)。

電(dian)池容量也(ye)就是(shi)一塊電(dian)池組中究竟(jing)蘊(yun)藏了多少能量，衡量它的(de)(de)單位我(wo)們用kWh，1kWh也(ye)就是(shi)我(wo)們常說的(de)(de)1度電(dian)的(de)(de)能量。目前，國(guo)內(nei)普通(tong)的(de)(de)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)池容量通(tong)常在(zai)20kWh左右，所以其(qi)續航里程也(ye)就只有(you)100多公里，油電(dian)混(hun)合(he)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)續航里程要大(da)一些，但也(ye)跟電(dian)池容量無關，而是(shi)使用了汽(qi)油。

二、電動汽車驅動電機如何測試性能

電動汽(qi)車驅動電機的測(ce)試(shi)尤為重要，這直(zhi)接關乎到汽(qi)車的運行狀態，只有滿(man)足相關功能項目測(ce)試(shi)的電機才能夠勝任如此(ci)艱巨的任務。

1、電機驅動系統的測試

電(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)系統是(shi)純電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車中(zhong)將蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)輸出的(de)直流(liu)母線電(dian)壓轉化(hua)為交流(liu)電(dian)，并(bing)用(yong)交流(liu)電(dian)驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)運轉，是(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)核心(xin)部(bu)分。

2、電池充電系統的測試

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統是將外(wai)界的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站等充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，給純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能存儲在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。直(zhi)流(liu)負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)主要功能是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)輸出的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)母線的(de)(de)(de)穩定的(de)(de)(de)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉化為(wei)低(di)壓(ya)輸出，為(wei)汽(qi)車(che)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、直流穩壓系統的測試

蓄電池(chi)的(de)電壓(ya)由于(yu)經(jing)常(chang)充放(fang)電的(de)緣故(gu)，其(qi)兩端電壓(ya)是一(yi)個在(zai)一(yi)定范圍內浮動的(de)電壓(ya)，需要(yao)將這個范圍內的(de)電壓(ya)穩(wen)定在(zai)一(yi)個穩(wen)定的(de)直流母(mu)線電壓(ya)，以供直接應用或做其(qi)它電壓(ya)轉換。