一、汽車發電機不發電是怎么回事
汽車交(jiao)流(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)正(zheng)常(chang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),必(bi)須(xu)具備兩個(ge)條件: 一是勵磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、定子繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和整流(liu)器必(bi)須(xu)工作(zuo)正(zheng)常(chang); 二是交(jiao)流(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)子必(bi)須(xu)旋轉(zhuan)。汽車發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)不(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可能是某些零部件出現了問(wen)題,以下是常(chang)見的汽車發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)不(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的原因(yin):
1、二極管(guan)擊穿,不起整流作(zuo)用。
2、電刷(shua)在電刷(shua)架內(nei)卡住,發電機因不勵磁而不能發電。
3、轉子(zi)的(de)(de)磁(ci)場(chang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)不(bu)通電(dian):轉子(zi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)折(zhe)疊層數多(duo),部分線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)在(zai)浸(jin)絕緣漆時(shi),沒有(you)浸(jin)到線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)底層中去,底層線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)匝與匝之間(jian)存在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)間(jian)隙(xi)。隨著(zhu)發動機轉速的(de)(de)變(bian)化,底層線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)將存在(zai)不(bu)同的(de)(de)離心力(li)。線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)收縮、膨脹的(de)(de)頻(pin)率,決定(ding)了線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)角度(du)大(da)小變(bian)換的(de)(de)次數,常見(jian)磁(ci)場(chang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)到滑環(huan)的(de)(de)引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian),特別是底層線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)引(yin)(yin)(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)使用過久(jiu),將產生金屬疲勞而折(zhe)斷。
4、定(ding)子線圈(quan)相間短路或(huo)搭(da)鐵。
5、轉子的爪(zhua)極(ji)松(song)動:若在(zai)軸上稍有(you)松(song)動,則爪(zhua)極(ji)內端面(mian)與(yu)磁鐵(tie)端面(mian)之間(jian)就會有(you)間(jian)隙產(chan)生(sheng),磁場線圈產(chan)生(sheng)的磁通(tong)就會在(zai)此漏(lou)掉,導(dao)致定子的磁通(tong)大大減少,定子線圈感應的電(dian)(dian)動勢也(ye)因(yin)此大大減小,以致于不(bu)能產(chan)生(sheng)足夠的電(dian)(dian)壓對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)。
二、汽車電機不發電故障如何檢修
1、就車檢測法
汽車(che)發電(dian)機故障時,可以不拆卸發電(dian)機,在車(che)上對(dui)其檢測,概略判斷是否(fou)有故障。
(1)萬用表電壓檔檢測
將萬用表(biao)旋鈕(niu)旋至直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓30V檔(或用一般的直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)適(shi)當檔),把紅表(biao)筆接(jie)(jie)發電(dian)(dian)機“電(dian)(dian)樞”接(jie)(jie)柱(zhu),黑表(biao)筆接(jie)(jie)外殼,讓(rang)發動機運(yun)轉在(zai)中速(su)以上,12V電(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)統的電(dian)(dian)壓標準(zhun)值(zhi)應在(zai)14V左右,24V電(dian)(dian)氣系(xi)統的電(dian)(dian)壓標準(zhun)值(zhi)應在(zai)28V左右。若測的電(dian)(dian)壓為蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓,則表(biao)明發電(dian)(dian)機不發電(dian)(dian)。
(2)外接電流表檢測
當汽車儀表(biao)(biao)板上(shang)沒有(you)電(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)時,可用(yong)外接(jie)(jie)(jie)直流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)來檢測。先(xian)把發電(dian)機(ji)“電(dian)樞(shu)”接(jie)(jie)(jie)柱導(dao)線拆下(xia),再將量程為(wei)20A左右(you)的直流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)正(zheng)極接(jie)(jie)(jie)發電(dian)機(ji)“電(dian)樞(shu)”,負極導(dao)線接(jie)(jie)(jie)上(shang)述拆下(xia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)。當發動機(ji)在中速(su)以上(shang)運轉(不(bu)(bu)使用(yong)其他電(dian)器設備)時,電(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)有(you)3A~5A充(chong)電(dian)指(zhi)示,表(biao)(biao)明發電(dian)機(ji)工作正(zheng)常(chang),否則發電(dian)機(ji)不(bu)(bu)發電(dian)。
(3)試燈(汽車燈泡)法
當沒有萬用表和直流電表時,可用汽車燈泡做一試燈來檢測。將燈泡兩端(duan)(duan)焊接適當長(chang)度的(de)導線,并在其兩端(duan)(duan)接上鍔魚夾(jia)。檢(jian)測前先將發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)“電(dian)樞(shu)”接柱(zhu)的(de)導線拆下,再將試燈的(de)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)夾(jia)住發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)“電(dian)樞(shu)”接柱(zhu),另一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)搭鐵(tie),當發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)中速運(yun)轉時(shi),試燈亮度說(shuo)明發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)工作正常(chang),否則發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)不發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)。
(4)改變發動機轉速、觀察大燈亮度法
起動發(fa)動機(ji)后,打開大(da)(da)燈(deng),讓(rang)發(fa)動機(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)從怠(dai)速(su)(su)逐漸提高(gao)到中(zhong)等轉(zhuan)速(su)(su),大(da)(da)燈(deng)的亮(liang)度若隨(sui)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)的提高(gao)而增加,說明(ming)發(fa)電機(ji)工(gong)作正(zheng)常,否則(ze)為不發(fa)電。
(5)拆下蓄電池搭鐵看發動機(汽油機)是否工作法
當(dang)車上沒有微(wei)機(ji)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)子裝置時,可以用此種方法(fa)檢測。把發(fa)動機(ji)控(kong)制在中速以上,拆下蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)搭鐵線(一般是斷開(kai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)搭鐵線上的控(kong)制總(zong)開(kai)關),若發(fa)動機(ji)工作正常,說明發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian),否則(ze)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)有故障(zhang)。
2、車下不解體檢測與判斷
維修(xiu)汽車(che)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)故障(zhang)也(ye)可以選擇從(cong)車(che)上拆下(xia)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)后,用下(xia)述方法檢查,進一步(bu)確(que)定(ding)故障(zhang)。
(1)用小燈泡(手電燈泡)判斷
把手電(dian)(dian)燈(deng)泡的兩端(duan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)上導(dao)(dao)線(xian)做成小試(shi)燈(deng),接(jie)(jie)(jie)于(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)“電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)”和外殼之間。用(yong)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(或相同電(dian)(dian)壓的干電(dian)(dian)池)正、負極分別(bie)連接(jie)(jie)(jie)在發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的兩磁場(chang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)柱(zhu)“F1”、“F2”(內搭鐵(tie)的交流發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)接(jie)(jie)(jie)“F”和“搭鐵(tie)”接(jie)(jie)(jie)柱(zhu))上,讓蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池給發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)激磁。用(yong)手快速轉動發(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)皮(pi)帶盤,小試(shi)燈(deng)說(shuo)明發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作正常,否則發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)。
(2)萬用表電壓檔判斷
讓蓄電(dian)(dian)池給發電(dian)(dian)機激磁(接(jie)線(xian)方法同2.1),將萬用(yong)(yong)表(biao)選(xuan)擇在直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓3-5V(或一般直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)適當檔(dang))檔(dang),黑、紅表(biao)筆分別接(jie)“搭鐵”和發電(dian)(dian)機“電(dian)(dian)樞”接(jie)柱,用(yong)(yong)手轉動皮帶盤,萬用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(或直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓表(biao))指針應有擺動,否則發電(dian)(dian)機不發電(dian)(dian)。
(3)萬用表電阻檔檢測與判斷
用萬用表R×1電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)檔,測量各接線柱之間的(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(不同(tong)型號發(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值不同(tong),下(xia)表為JF522A型發(fa)電(dian)機)值,與正(zheng)常(chang)值比較,可以判斷出發(fa)電(dian)機是否有故障。
(4)示波器法檢測與判斷
將發電機裝在(zai)電器試(shi)驗臺上,連接好示波器與發電機之間的導線,把發電機控制在(zai)中等轉速,發電機正常工作及各(ge)種故障所對應的電壓波形。
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